共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
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在温室中,研究了盆栽基质接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae对初生(种子播种育苗2个月后的幼苗)枳Poncirus trifoliata生长、菌根侵染、菌丝长度、土壤球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)含量和土壤结构的影响;同时研究了在AM真菌接种和柱花草间作条件下柱花草刈割对初生枳和柱花草生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构的影响。结果表明,与不接种相比,接种AM真菌显著地促进了初生枳生长,增加了土壤GRSP含量,并且土壤结构也得到改善。在AM真菌接种与柱花草间作的相同条件下,与柱花草未刈割相比,柱花草刈割对初生枳生长、菌根侵染、土壤GRSP含量和土壤结构均无显著性影响,但柱花草未刈割处理的菌丝长度是刈割处理的2.5倍。相关性分析表明,根际土壤大团聚体显著地与菌根侵染率、土壤GRSP含量和菌丝长度正相关,而生草刈割影响了丛枝菌根真菌菌丝长度,可能对土壤结构有不利影响。 相似文献
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以杏园内间作的苜蓿为试材,研究刈割对杏树间作下杏树、苜蓿根系生物量与垂直分布、土壤有机质含量、土壤pH和电导率的影响。结果表明:杏树的侧根系在土壤垂直分布主要集中在土层20~60cm处。苜蓿根系分布呈倒金子塔型,主要分布在0~40cm以上土层。刈割显著地促进苜蓿根系生长,且随刈割次数的增加而增加;多次刈割促使苜蓿吸收根呈浅层化分布。刈割苜蓿可有效地增加表层土壤的有机质含量,但对土壤pH、电导率的影响不显著。因此,适宜地刈割不仅促进紫花苜蓿的根系生长,可以有效地改善杏树园土壤养分,但多次(不低于3次)刈割会增加苜蓿吸收根系,从而会增加与果树之间的养分竞争。 相似文献
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根系构型与植物的养分吸收密切相关,可能影响植物不同个体间的养分竞争。比较了‘格
拉姆’和‘184 号’柱花草（Stylosanthes Sw.）的根系构型差异,并探讨了两者在间作条件下对柑橘砧木
红藜檬（Citrus limonia）实生苗的生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,‘格拉姆’和‘184 号’在单作条
件下生物量、总根长、主根长和根尖数相似,但是‘184 号’的基根角度、根系表面积、平均根直径均小
于‘格拉姆’;在与柑橘实生苗间作条件下,‘184 号’有41.4%的根系进入柑橘根区,而‘格拉姆’仅有
0.8%的根系进入柑橘根区,因此与‘184 号’间作的柑橘砧木实生苗的生物量和对磷养分的吸收均显著低
于与‘格拉姆’间作的柑橘砧木实生苗。本研究表明,与根系垂直生长型的‘格拉姆’相比,根系水平
生长型的柱花草‘184 号’不宜用于果园生草栽培,根系构型应该成为草种筛选的重要指标。 相似文献
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以紫花苜蓿为试材,研究了紫花苜蓿生长特性和品质对刈割强度的响应。结果表明:轻度和中度刈割可提高紫花苜蓿株高和地上植株的再生能力;不同强度的刈割均增加了紫花苜蓿单株地上、地下生物量和根冠比(R/S),以中度刈割增加最为显著,重度刈割处理下紫花苜蓿补偿地上生物量最高;随刈割强度的增加紫花苜蓿叶片叶绿素a含量有所增加,叶绿素b含量有所下降,与刈割前相比,不同刈割强度均增加了紫花苜蓿叶绿素a和b含量,有利于增强紫花苜蓿的光合作用;重度刈割紫花苜蓿根系总长和平均直径显著降低(P0.05),而中度刈割紫花苜蓿根系总长和平均直径显著增加(P0.05);与刈割前相比,不同刈割强度均不同程度提升了紫花苜蓿根系活力;紫花苜蓿平均粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分和无氮浸出物均表现为中度刈割轻度刈割重度刈割不刈割(对照);综合各指标可得出荒漠草原区提高紫花苜蓿生长特性和品质的最优方案为中度刈割。 相似文献
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局部供磷条件下苹果幼苗根系形态的适应性变化及其对磷素的吸收 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国果树》2019,(5)
以苹果砧木品种‘M26’的幼苗为材料,设置局部和均各匀供磷处理,研究不同供磷方式下根系形态的适应性变化及其对磷的吸收结果表明:相对于不施用磷肥处理,施用磷肥处理促进了根系和地上部的生长,以局部施磷处理差异显著;根系对供磷方式产生适应性变化,局部施磷显著提高了中层土壤的根系密度:局部施磷还提根际土壤磷酸酶活性和植株磷吸收量,其磷肥利用效率是均匀施磷处理的1.53倍。局部施磷条件下苹果幼苗根系形态表现出积极的适应性,优化了根系分布和根系参数,提高了土壤磷酸酶活性,改善了磷肥的生物有效性,最终提高了植株吸收磷养分的能力,提高了磷肥的利用效率。 相似文献
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生草影响果树生长发育及果园环境的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
《果树学报》2017,(12)
生草是近年来国内外大力推广的一种现代化果园管理模式,是促进果树生长和果实发育的一个重要果园栽培措施。笔者从果园土壤生物和非生物环境因子、果树根系生长发育、果实发育、丛枝菌根真菌定殖及丛枝菌根发育等方面归纳了生草对果园环境和果树生长发育的影响研究进展。生草对果树生长发育的影响总体表现为:生草能促进丛枝菌根发育,有利于提高果树根系吸收性能;提高果树抗逆性;改善果实品质。生草对果园环境的影响表现为改善土壤肥力状况和改善土壤结构,主要提高了土壤有机质含量、营养成分含量和蓄水保墒能力。但是,在供水不足的果园以及果树生长发育早期,草与果树的水分竞争有可能造成果树的干旱胁迫,进而抑制果树营养生长,降低生长势。笔者还分析并展望了该领域今后的主要研究方向,旨在为生草在果园的应用和推广提供借鉴。 相似文献
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<正>1果实增大措施1.1增加土壤肥力行间种植绿肥植物,如白三叶草、小冠花、扁茎黄芪等与果树争水、争肥矛盾小,矮生,匍匐或半匍匐,不影响果树行间的通风透光,青草期长,生长势旺,耐刈割的多年生草种,定期刈割,树下覆盖。秋季撒施羊粪、鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪等加工后的专用复合肥。 相似文献
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果树根构型及其与营养和激素的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
不仅树型(株型)影响果树产量和质量,根构型对果树生产也有重要意义。介绍了根构型的特点、根构型对环境营养状况的反应及其对养分吸收的影响,以及营养因素和激素对根构型的影响。指出果树根构型比1年生作物更加多样化,骨干根与毛细根的发生和生长状况是影响根构型的主要因素,果树可以通过根系变长、变细以及数量和密度的增加等方式改变根构型;生长素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和赤霉素等植物激素对根构型构建起主要调节作用,营养元素可以通过内源激素调控果树的根构型。根构型与养分吸收有很大的关联,通过构型的改变,可以增加根系与介质的接触表面积,促进营养元素的吸收利用。加强果树根构型研究,揭示果树根构型与营养的关系,构建理想根构型,对于果树根系管理和养分的高效利用有重要价值。 相似文献
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双砧木嫁接对温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
采用改善品质的京欣砧5号南瓜和提高抗逆性的云南黑籽南瓜为砧木,以津优35号为接穗,对单砧木嫁接、双砧木嫁接和自根黄瓜在日光温室条件下植株生长、肥水利用率、产量和品质等性状进行了比较分析。结果表明:嫁接均显著提高植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数、最大叶面积、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,水分利用率和对N、P、K、Ca、Mg的吸收量显著高于自根对照;双砧处理的单株产量、瓜数和单果质量均显著高于京欣砧和自根对照,缓和了单砧木嫁接增加果柄长的趋势;双砧木嫁接显著提高果实可溶性糖含量,且果实VC含量和糖酸比高于黑籽南瓜砧和自根对照;嫁接处理对第1雌花节位、根系活力、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、果实含水量等性状没有显著影响。双砧处理综合了京欣砧5号和黑籽南瓜两个单砧处理的优良特性,促进了对肥水的吸收,提高植株的生长势,既高产又优质。 相似文献
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Citrus, a cold-sensitive plant, often suffers from low temperature, which seriously affects citrus productivity. The objective of the study was to elevate the roles of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, in growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and nutrient uptake of citrus (Citrus tangerine) seedlings under temperature stress conditions. Three-month-old seedlings with or without G. mosseae were grown for 55 days at moderate temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (15 °C). Low temperature severely restrained symbiotic development including mycorrhizal colonization, entry point, vesicle and arbuscule relative to moderate temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings grown at 25 °C maintained better stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, root and total dry weights, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, higher root volume, and more uptake of P, Ca and Mg relative to corresponding non-mycorrhizal control. However, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased only the root length and the Ca content of the seedlings grown at 15 °C. The results indicated that mycorrhizal formation had the beneficial effects on growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and part nutrient uptake of citrus seedlings grown at moderate temperature, but the beneficial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas were almost lost at low temperature. 相似文献
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The effects of root colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith on growth, flower and fruit production, and fruit quality were studied in field-grown tomato plants exposed to varying intensities of drought stress. Inoculated (M+) and non-inoculated (M−) tomato seedlings were exposed to varying intensities of drought stress by adjusting irrigation intervals. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher uptake of N and P in both roots and shoots regardless of intensities of drought stress. AM inoculation also significantly increased shoot dry matter and the number of flowers and fruits. The fruit yields of M+ plants under severe, moderate, mild drought-stressed conditions were higher than M− plants by 24.7%, 23.1%, 16.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Furthermore, M+ plants produced tomato fruits that contain significantly higher quantities of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSS) than M− plants. Mycorrhizal effects increased with increasing intensity of drought. The overall results suggest that mycorrhizal colonization affects host plant nutritional status, water stratus and growth under field conditions and thereby alters reproductive behaviour, fruit production and quality of fruits under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. 相似文献
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Plants in living walls face challenges from intraspecific and interspecific competition from plants around them, as well as water and nutrient availability in the growing media. This paper explores these challenges using four different species of hardy perennials.Campanula poscharskyana ‘Stella’, Geranium sanguineum ‘Max Frei’, Sesleria heufleriana and Veronica officinalis ‘Allgrün’ were grown in two types of vertical growing media, made of either coir or stone wool, in transparent boxes under greenhouse conditions. In the media, plants were placed above each other, two plants of same species, two plants of different species, or a plant grown alone. Root frequency was registered over 56 days and the activity of individual root systems was studied through uptake of 15N. In addition, plant dry weight and N content as well as water content in the growing media were measured at cessation of the experiment.Shoot and root growth as well as nutrient content in plants were higher in coir than in stone wool and plants placed at the top position had significantly higher biomass than at the bottom position. The stone wool media had significantly higher water content in the lower part of the media while the coir media had water more evenly distributed. Species differences in root frequency were found. Campanula and Geranium showed strong root growth and had root frequencies of up to 0.9, whereas Sesleria and Veronica had less root growth, in some cases only root frequencies around 0.3. The species reacted differently to root competition and planting position and there were differences in the competitive ability between the species. Campanula and Geranium were not affected by competition, whereas both Veronica and Sesleria showed altered root growth due to competition depending on the growing medium. When Geranium was grown above Veronica in stone wool, plant biomass and 15N uptake increased in Veronica indicating environmental modification, with one species improving the growing conditions for another.The results revealed that growing plants vertically in a living wall is complex, and that choice of growing medium and species composition is important for a successful living wall. Planting combinations should therefore be tested before being used in commercial applications. 相似文献
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D. S. Johnson T. J. Samuelson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):489-494
Soil managment in a ‘Bramley’s Seedling’ orchard, established in a system of herbicide treated tree rows and mown grass alleys, was changed to provide three treatments: complete grass cover, overall herbicide and a continuation of the existing system. Differential rates of N fertilizer (nil, 62.5 kg ha-1) were applied to each soil management regime. In comparison with herbicide strips, complete grass was intensely competitive, particularly with nil application of N fertilizer, reducing tree growth and yield and greatly decreasing leaf N. Leaves from trees in complete grass (nil N) plots contained higher concentrations of P, K and B but lower ones of Ca, Mn and Cu. Compared with the change from herbicide strip to complete grass management, effects of changing to overall herbicide were smaller. There were slight increases in leaf N concentration but no increases in tree growth or fruit yield. Leaf Mn concentration was increased in overall herbicide. Although application of N fertilizer to grass plots increased leaf N concentration by 0.4% and the three-year girth increment, yield was less than that of trees in herbicide strips. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to herbicide strips or overall herbicide plots slightly increased leaf N content but there was no effect on yield or girth increase. Applying N fertilizer to complete grass plots reduced the concentration of P, K and B in leaves but increased leaf Ca, Mn and Cu. 相似文献
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Tree growth and the increase in inorganic nutrients during a growing season were studied in 3-year-old, container-grown ‘Fuyu’ persimmon trees with different levels of fruit-load. Fruit-load was varied by adjusting the leaf–fruit ratio to 10, 20, 30, and 60 on July 5. Some trees were completely defruited. The whole trees were harvested on November 5 of that year, and increases in dry weight and inorganic elements in different tree parts during the season were measured. A lower leaf–fruit ratio resulted in a higher yield but also decreased fruit weight, soluble solids, and fruit color. Dry weight of the aerial woods and root increased significantly with a greater ratio. However, total dry weight including the fruits was higher in the lower ratio trees than in the higher ratio trees; the weight of a tree that maintained the ratio of 10 was 35% higher than a tree without fruit. Fruits accounted for 62% of total dry weight when the ratio was 10 and 27% when the ratio was 60. The leaf–fruit ratio did not significantly alter the total increase in P, K, Ca, and Mg content. N tended to decrease with an increasing leaf–fruit ratio. Of the total increases of N, P, and K during the season, the fruits accounted for 30%, 50%, and 54% at the ratio of 20, respectively, and the percentages increased to 44, 81, and 74 at the ratio of 10. The inorganic element content in the aerial woods and root tended to increase with greater ratios, especially in the root. When trees were defruited, N and K increases in the root accounted for 44% and 35% of the total increase, respectively. These results indicated that persimmon orchard fertilization programs with different fruit-load levels should accommodate the proportion of nutrients partitioned to fruits that are removed permanently from the tree. 相似文献
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L. Karni A. Bar-Tal S. Moreshet M. Keinan C. Yao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):364-369
SummaryWater and calcium uptake are important factors affecting the incidence of fruit blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato and pepper. In the present study an attempt was made to manipulate these factors by severe root pruning and to examine the effect on BER in greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Mazurka). Pepper plants were transplanted, with the root system split into four separated compartments, each containing a single root quarter. Removal of half, or three quarters, of the root from fruit-bearing plants significantly reduced fruit BER incidence compared with plants with intact roots, especially in fruits which were at the rapid expansion stage at the beginning of the treatments. Removal of three quarters of the root reduced midday leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and plant height. The number and weight of fruits were not affected by these treatments. Root pruning caused only a slight reduction in stem sap flow, as measured by the heat pulse technique. Calcium concentrations in the distal part of fruits from quarter-root-plants were higher than in fruits from non-pruned plants, whereas magnesium and potassium concentrations were not affected. On the other hand, in the leaves, calcium, magnesium and potassium concentrations were all reduced by root pruning. The K/Ca ratio decreased in the blossom-end of the fruits and increased in the leaves of root-pruned compared with control plants. The results suggest that root pruning did not affect the total uptake of calcium, apparently driven by transpiration, but did enhance calcium partitioning to the developing fruit. Root pruning also affected calcium distribution within the fruit and therefore attenuated BER incidence. 相似文献
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Shufu Dong Lailiang Cheng Carolyn F. Scagel Leslie H. Fuchigami 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):410-415
SummaryEffects of root damage during the transplant process on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake were studied with one-year-old bench-grafted Malus domestica Borkh ‘Fuji’ on M.26 rootstock apple nursery plants. Plants were potted after grafting and grown outside for one season. At the end of the season uniform trees were selected and randomly divided into four groups. One group of plants were moved into a 2°C cold room with soil and container intact (IR Treatment). Plants in other groups were removed from pots and stored as bareroot in the same cold room for three months. In the spring, bareroot plants were either: (1) transplanted with about 10% of the root system damaged during transplant (TP Treatment and Control-CK); or (2) root pruned by 25% (by volume) prior to transplant (RP treatment). Five trees from each treatment received 1 g of 15NH415NO3 at 12, 41 and 76 d after repotting. Control (CK) trees received no N. Trees were harvested 10 d after each N application, and plant growth and total N and 15N content of different tissues were determined. Root pruning reduced plant total biomass and root biomass at the first two harvests, but the plants from the RP treatment had highest total plant biomass and root biomass at the third harvest. There was no significant difference in the new stem and leaf growth among IR, RP and CK treatments at harvests but the TP treatment reduced new shoot biomass. Plants with intact roots (IR) had the higher total N content while control plants (CK) had the lowest. Root pruning reduced 15N uptake rate at the first two harvests but promoted it at the third harvest. Our results suggest that plant growth and nutrient uptake was suppressed by root pruning/damage during transplanting only in the early season, and the negative effects on growth and N uptake were offset later in the season by compensative root regeneration. 相似文献