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1.
Changing porosity of knitted structures by changing tightness 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A geometrical model of plain knitted structures is discussed in depth to understand the yarn path in a knitted loop. A theoretical
model has been created to predict the porosity of a knitted structure depending on the geometrical parameters, such as course
spacing, wale spacing, stitch length, fabric thickness, count of yarn and fibre density. Polyester and nylon plain knitted
fabrics were produced to different tightness, and porosity was determined by measuring the weight. The validity of the model
was confirmed by experimental results, using different plain knit fabrics. The porosity of a knitted structure can be changed
by reducing the yarn thickness and the stitch length; however this would influence the courses and wales per unit length in
the structure. 相似文献
2.
There are several studies related with knitted fabric containing elastomeric yarn. These studies have been carried out only
on fabrics containing naked elastomeric yarn, i.e., without intermingling. And most of them have focused on dimensional and
extension-recovery properties of the fabric. Of course, intermingling yarn parameters such as number of knots and draw-ratio
will affect the properties and performance of the fabrics. This paper presents a study about the effect of draw-ratio and
number of knots, which are important parameters in intermingled nylon-elastomeric yarns, on the physical and comfort properties
of hosiery knit products. To see the relationship and significance, bivariate correlation analysis and analysis of variance
have been carried out. It has been seen that increase of draw ratio and number of knots lead to an increase in dimensional
change, stitch density, fabric weight, and lead to a decrease in fabric spirality, abrasion, fabric wicking (wickability in
course direction is less than that of wale direction). Fabric thickness increases with an increase in draw ratio and a decrease
in number of knots. The number of knots and the draw-ratio do not affect the fabric drying rate. However, an increase in the
draw ratio and the number of knots result in an increase in initial water content before beginning the drying process. But,
an increase in initial water content is not so high as to affect the drying rate. 相似文献
3.
C. N. Herath 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(8):1339-1346
In this research work, air permeability variations of core spun cotton/spandex single jersey and 1×1 rib knitted structures were studied under relaxation treatments. Results are compared with similar fabrics made from 100 % cotton material. Even though cotton/spandex fabrics knitted with same stitch lengths, their structural spacing and stitch densities vary with the progression of treatments. Similar behavior was also observed with 100 % cotton knitted structures. Under higher machine set stitch lengths (i.e., lower fabric tightness factor), higher structural spacing and lower stitch densities were resulted and those variations significantly affected on the air permeability variations of knitted structures. 1×1 rib knitted structures showed significantly higher air permeability than single jersey structures and it is more prominent with cotton rib structures. However, cotton/spandex 1×1 rib and single jersey structures have not showed such significant deviations. Air permeability of cotton/spandex and 100 % cotton rib and single jersey knitted structures decreased with lower machine set stitch lengths (i.e., at higher fabric tightness factors). There was a correlation with fabric tightness, air permeability, areal density and fabric thickness such as knitted fabrics became tighter, their weight and thickness were higher, while their air permeability was lower. Thus, fabric areal density and fabric thickness are positively correlates to machine set stitch length?1 (fabric tightness factor). Air permeability of a knitted structure depends on material type, knitted structure, stitch length, relaxation treatment, structural spacing and stitch density. 相似文献
4.
Numerical simulating the tensile behavior of 1×1 rib knitted fabrics using a novel geometrical model
A geometrical model to predict the tensile properties of conventionally knitted 1×1 rib fabric was created to be used for technical applications. Tensile stress-strain curve was numerically simulated in course and wale directions, using FEM method. The accuracy of the used geometrical model has been estimated comparing the simulated tensile stress-strain curve of the model to the measured one. The results showed that the stress-strain curve obtained from simulating method is very close to the experimental one. 相似文献
5.
Study on heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics through multilayered fabric ensembles
A detailed study on the heat and moisture vapour transmission characteristics of different types of single and multi-layered
fabric ensemble by using sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP) has been reported in the present paper. A comparison has been made
on thermal and moisture vapour transmission properties of five different insulative fabrics, namely, knitted-raised fabric,
needle punched nonwoven, through air bonded nonwoven, spunbonded-through air bonded sandwich nonwoven and warp knitted spacer
fabric and three different coated fabrics, namely, plain woven rubber coated, plain woven polyester polymer coated and plain
woven polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated fabric, used for thermal insulation purpose. ANOVA has been conducted to analyse
the significance of type of insulative and coated fabrics used. Sandwich nonwoven fabric which has higher thickness and porosity
shows higher thermal resistance followed by through air bonded fabric, raised fabric, needle punched fabric and spacer fabric.
Spacer fabric shows lesser evaporative resistance due to its lesser thickness and larger aperture size, which increases the
diffusion of moisture vapour. Needle punched fabric shows slightly higher evaporative resistance than spacer fabric, followed
by raised fabric, through air bonded fabric and sandwich nonwoven fabric. Permeability index of different multilayered fabric
ensembles are also compared. 相似文献
6.
Co-woven-knitted (CWK) fabrics and multi-layered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabrics were prepared using glass filaments as both the warp and weft yarns and high tenacity polyesters as the stitch yarns with the same stitch length. Then the polyethylene resin was injected into the fabrics by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding to produce composites. Specific bending stress-displacement curves in the course and wale directions of the CWK fabric reinforced composites and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites were analyzed and their bending properties were also compared. Results indicate that the initial segments of all the specific bending stress-displacement curves for the CWK and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites are linear; then the specific bending stresses decrease with the displacements in a wave-like manner until sample destruction. The CWK fabric reinforced composites show plastic failure in course and wale directions, while the MBWK fabric reinforced composites show first fragile failure then plastic failure in course direction and show plastic failure in wale direction. Bending properties in the course direction of the CWK and the MBWK fabric reinforced composites are different from those in their wale direction, respectively. The CWK fabric reinforced composites are of smaller anisotropy than the MBWK fabric reinforced composites. By designing the buckling and distribution of the warp and weft yarns, the axial properties difference can be shortened. 相似文献
7.
In this study, the dimensional and some physical properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 bamboo/cotton blended
yarns are investigated. In order to see the differences and similarities, the results are then compared with those for similar
fabrics knitted from 50/50 conventional viscose/cotton and 50/50 modal/cotton blended yarns. Each fabric type was produced
with three different stitch lengths. After all fabrics were dyed under identical dyeing conditions, they were subjected to
dry and full relaxation treatments. For dimensional properties of fabrics, course, wale and stitch densities were measured.
Then, by calculating statistically best-fit lines passing both through the experimental points and the origin, dimensional
constants i.e. k values were predicted in terms of the fiber types. The result show that each fabric type knitted from bamboo/cotton, viscose/cotton
and modal/cotton blended yarns behaves in a similar manner. However, in both dry and fully relaxed states, the modal/cotton
knitted fabrics tend to have slightly higher k values than the bamboo/cotton and viscose/cotton knitted fabrics. For physical properties, fabric weight per unit area, thickness,
bursting strength, air permeability and pilling were evaluated. The results show that the weight, thickness and air permeability
values are independent of the fiber type. Plain knitted fabrics from modal/cotton blended yarns have the highest bursting
strength values. Plain knitted fabrics from bamboo/cotton blended yarns tend to pill less. 相似文献
8.
In this research work, behavior of flexural stiffness of core spun cotton spandex single jersey, 1x1 rib and interlock fabrics was studied under relaxation and machine washing treatments. Results are compared with similar fabrics made from 100 % cotton. Fabric weight density increased with the progression of treatments and it is proportionate to the fabric tightness factor (stitch length?1). Even though both types of fabrics had same machine set stitch lengths, cotton/spandex fabrics have shown the higher fabric weight densities than that of 100 % cotton fabrics. Although 1x1 rib and single jersey fabrics knitted with the same machine set stitch lengths, rib fabrics have given higher fabric weight densities than single jersey fabrics. Among the three knitted structures, interlock fabrics with higher machine set stitch lengths gave the higher fabric weights. Fabric stiffness and flexural rigidity have given higher values under the progression of treatments and it was found that higher values of stiffness have given by cotton/spandex knitted fabrics compared to their cotton fabrics. Fabric stiffness and flexural rigidity in wale direction were higher than that in course direction, but it is only observed in single jersey fabrics. However, 1x1 rib and interlock fabrics have shown an opposite behavior. It was also observed a positive correlation between TF (i.e.: stitch length?1) and bending length/flexural rigidity in both fabric types. Lower flexural rigidities reported with single jersey structures and highest values gave with interlock structures of cotton/spandex and cotton fabrics. 相似文献
9.
Effect of machine washing on structural behavior of core spun cotton/spandex interlock fabrics made with high, medium and
low tightness factors has been investigated. Results are compared with those for similar fabrics knitted from 100 % cotton.
Structural behavior of cotton/spandex and cotton fabric samples was observed under full relaxation and washing treatments
up to 10th cycle. Based on these data, dimensional constants (U-values) were predicted under 95 % significance level. Higher
course and wale densities, stitch densities, dimensional constant values, linear and area dimensional shrinkages are reported
with cotton/spandex interlocks. After treatment levels, cotton/spandex showed the dimensional constants with lesser CV %.
With increasing fabric tightness, decreasing of length shrinkages and area shrinkages and increasing of width shrinkages are
reported in cotton/spandex interlock structures. Cotton/spandex interlocks showed longitudinally and highly deformed shapes
after treatments. Fabric tightness affects significantly on structural behavior of cotton/ spandex and cotton structures during
relaxation. 相似文献
10.
Ali Afzal Tanveer Hussain Mumtaz Hassan Malik Abher Rasheed Sheraz Ahmad Abdul Basit Ahsan Nazir 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(7):1539-1547
The aim of this study was to analyze and model the effect of knitting parameters on the air permeability of Cotton/Polyester double layer interlock knitted fabrics. Fabric samples of areal densities ranging from 315–488 g/m2 were knitted using yarns of three different cotton/polyester blends, each of two different linear densities by systematically varying knitting loop lengths for achieving different cover factors. It was found that by changing the polyester content in the inner and outer fabric layer from 52 to 65 % in the double layer knitted fabric did not have statistically significant effect on the fabric air permeability. Air permeability sharply increased with increase in knitting loop length owing to decrease in fabric areal density. Decrease in yarn linear density (tex) resulted in increase in air permeability due to decrease in areal density as well as the fabric thickness. It was concluded that response surface regression modeling could adequately model the effect of knitting parameters on the double layer knitted fabric air permeability. The model was validated by unseen data set and it was found that the actual and predicted values were in good agreement with each other with less than 10 % absolute error. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to find out the relative contribution of each input parameter on the air permeability of the double layer interlock knitted fabrics. 相似文献
11.
12.
Investigation on dimensional stability of cotton plain weft knitted fabric manufactured from rotor spun yarn, subjected to
mercerization treatment has been represented. Several fabric samples were mercerized considering variation in time of treatment,
bath temperature, concentration of alkali solution and also mercerizing tension. Values of constant of course (K
c
), constant of wale (K
w
), the area geometry constant (K
s
) which are indicative of fabric dimensional stability were calculated after treatment for mercerized samples. Then, these
values were compared with those of un-treated samples subjected to dry and wet relaxation and also were compared with each
other. Based on the effect of each variable itself and their simultaneous effect, it was concluded that, mercerization treatment
and considered parameters had a distinctive influence on dimensional stability of the fabric. Mercerized samples had better
dimensional stability in comparison with un-treated ones. A comprehensive experimental analysis showed that, there is meaningful
difference between K
s
values of the samples mercerized at various conditions. Also, the area geometry constant (K
s
) achieved after treatment was higher than that of other relaxation methods. 相似文献
13.
M. Bakhtiari S. Shaikhzadeh Najar S. M. Etrati Z. Khorram Toosi 《Fibers and Polymers》2006,7(3):295-304
High-bulk worsted yarns with different shrinkable and non-shrinkable acrylic fibers blend ratios are produced and then single
jersey weft knitted fabrics with three different structures and loop lengths are constructed. The physical properties of produced
yarns and compression properties of produced fabrics at eight pressure values (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 g/cm2) were measured using a conventional fabric thickness tester. Then, weft-knitted fabric compression behavior was analyzed
using a two parameters model. It is found that at 40% shrinkable fibre blending ratio the maximum yarn bulk, shrinkage, abrasion
resistance and minimum yarn strength are obtained. It is also shown that high-bulk acrylic yarn has the highest elongation
at 20% shrinkable fibre blend ratio. The statistical regression analysis revealed that the compression behavior of acrylic
weft-knitted fabrics is highly closed to two parameter model proposed for woven fabrics. It is also shown that for weft-knitted
structure, there is an incompressible layer (V′) which resists against high compression load. Acrylic weft-knitted fabrics with knit-tuck structure exhibit higher compression
rigidity and lower softness than the plain and knitmiss structures. In addition, at 20% shrinkable fibre blend ratio, the
high-bulk acrylic weft-knitted fabrics are highly compressible. 相似文献
14.
In this article we study the 3D porosity of plain weft knitted fabric while is subjected to extension under different uniaxial
extension in course direction. There are a few models for 3D porosity investigation of weft knitted fabrics such as Benltoufa
model and Karaguzel model as theoretical models and empirical Guidoin model. To investigate the accuracy of these models,
plain knitted fabrics were produced over a different range of knitting stiffness. Thereafter, the estimated porosities of
the fabrics using the theoretical models were compared with the experimental values which are obtained from Guidoin empirical
model. It was concluded that Karaguzel model shows reliable and trustful result while, Benltoufa model shows huge differences
in comparison with Guidoin model. In order to reduce these differences, an improved model which is named as i-model is introduced. 相似文献
15.
The effect of cashmere yarn twist, knitted fabric density, and cashmere properties on pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric
is investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that yarn twist and fabric density have little influence on pilling
rates of cashmere knitted fabric for yarn 38.4 tex/2 when yarn twist varies from 234 T/m to 272 T/m, and the fabric density
is 9.7, 10.7, and 11.2 yarns/inch, respectively. The length of cashmere fiber, in particular less than 7.5 mm, is responsible
for the pilling rates of cashmere knitted fabric based on optimal scaling regression analysis. 相似文献
16.
Choon Gil Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2006,7(1):51-56
Power net fabric is one of the highly extensible two-way fabrics. Power net structure shows special characteristics in the
wearing of final functional clothes. This research evaluated effects of treatment temperature on proportional extensibility
and shrinkage ratio of spandex at a given wale length. As treatment temperature increased, extensibility increased proportionally
to the standard length of the sample and the shrinkage ratio in the direction of course and wale increased. The pulling-out
length increased proportionally to the standard length of the sample. However it was affected by the effect of treatment time
and temperature due to the thermal properties of spandex filament yarn. 相似文献
17.
Fabric simulation is result of combining various methods that have been dramatically evolved during the decade. However, there still exist some limitations. One of the limitations in fabric simulation is lack of using fabric properties such as material, weave structure, density and so on in mass spring modeling. In knitted fabrics, this issue is more important due to their different fabric structures. In this paper, a new mesh based on loop shape for simulating 1×1 rib fabric is proposed which is called Loop mesh. By using the Loop and common meshes, 3D model of drape behavior in 18 types of knitted fabric are simulated. Results of simulation are compared with 3D shape of actual drape behavior in fabric samples which are achieved by depth camera. Results show that the Loop mesh is able to predict the drape behavior of knitted fabric with error value of 5 percent as compared with the real result. It can be found that the Loop mesh produced a closest drape shape to the actual fabric drape than other mesh models. 相似文献
18.
Boong Soo Jeon 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(1):130-134
Peirce’s fabric model has been widely used to predict the structural behavior of various plain woven fabrics. The structure
of plain woven fabric can be defined in terms of the warp yarn number, weft yarn number, warp fabric density, weft fabric
density, warp crimp, and weft crimp. The warp and weft yarn diameters are calculated from the warp and weft yarn numbers,
and the effective coefficient of the yarn diameter is defined by using this model. We have investigated structural properties,
such as the effective coefficient of the yarn diameter, yarn crimp, and fabric thickness for two different fabrics in which
the constituent yarns are assumed to be either incompressible or compressible. This model is also applied to various plain
fabrics woven from cotton, rayon, wool, linen, nylon, acetate, polyester, and silk yarns. 相似文献
19.
A detailed study of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of woven fabrics made of polyester and stainless steel/polyester blended conductive yarn was presented in this research work. Fabrics with different structures were analyzed and their shielding behavior was reported under different frequencies. Shielding efficiency of fabric was analyzed by vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 300 kHz to 1.5 GHz using coaxial transmission line holder. The effects of different fabric parameters such as weft density, proportion of conductive weft yarn, proportion of stainless steel content, grid openness, weave pattern and number of fabric layers on EMSE of fabrics were studied. The EMSE of fabric was found to be increased with increase in proportion of conductive yarn in the weft way. With increase in overall stainless-steel content in the fabric, the EMSE of fabric was increased. As such weave is considered, it did not have significant effect on EMSE of fabrics. But fabric with lower openness and aperture ratio showed better conducting network, hence better shielding. With increase in number of layers of fabric and ply yarns, EMSE of fabric was increased. 相似文献
20.
Spirality is one of the major potential problems in knitted fabrics and garments. It affects the aesthetics and physical properties
of the garment produced, such as the seam displacement, shape retention, pattern distortion and sewing difficulties. In this
paper, a comparative study has been carried out to evaluate the physical performance of 100 % cotton knitted fabrics and garments
produced by the modified low twist and conventional ring yarns through the actual wearing and washing trials. Experimental
results showed that the properties of side seam displacement, fabric spirality, dimensional stability and skewness change
of the T-shirts and sweaters made by the modified single yarns are comparable to those of garments made from the control plied
yarns but much improved when compared to those from the control single yarns. In addition, the pilling resistance and bursting
strength of the knitted fabrics made by the modified single yarns can still maintain a reasonably high level at a low yarn
twist. 相似文献