共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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分析森林碳汇机制下林业行为对生物多样性的潜在影响及我国森林碳汇有关生物多样性保护的规制中存在的问题,提出应该在生态价值理念指导下完善《森林法》中相关制度,建立森林碳汇项目的生物多样性环境影响评价制度和森林生物多样性监测体系及REDD+项目生物多样性保护补偿的融资机制等建议. 相似文献
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减少毁林和森林退化降低碳排放及通过森林保护与可持续管理增加碳储量（REDD+）是应对气候变化的有效机制。完善的资金机制是顺利实施REDD+机制的关键环节,其中筹集资金又是资金机制最重要的组成部分。文中阐述当前REDD+资金机制一般模式,分析REDD+筹资情况,并且对巴西、印度尼西亚、坦桑尼亚和越南4国REDD+非市场筹资进行重点分析,在此基础上剖析了REDD+项目存在融资数量少、承诺资金难以落实、REDD+资金监管成本高等问题,提出解决REDD+资金筹措问题的相关建议,以期对完善REDD+资金来源机制起到促进作用,推动REDD+项目顺利实施。 相似文献
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低碳经济背景下森林碳汇领域人才培养战略分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在全球气候变暖的背景下,以低碳经济为核心的森林碳汇产业成为中国林业发展新的战略目标之一。从挖掘与提高现有森林资源的碳汇功能、碳汇林营造与可持续经营、碳汇产业的经济管理、森林碳汇的行政管理、气候变化与碳汇林业的发展、从业人员的培训和相关技术的推广等6个方面,系统分析了森林碳汇领域对高等林业教育人才培养的战略需求。由于高等学校的人才培养周期长,相对于社会需求而言,培养的人才“产品”具有明显的滞后性,所以建议高等林业院校及时调整人才培养战略,及早增设森林碳汇本科专业,并在林学一级学科下设置森林碳汇二级学科,以满足碳汇林业发展对高级专业人才的迫切需求。同时,提出森林碳汇二级学科的主要研究方向应包括碳汇林营造与可持续经营技术、森林碳汇生态经济和碳汇项目管理。 相似文献
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减少发展中国家毁林及森林退化引起的温室气体排放, 森林保护、可持续森林管理和增加森林碳储量(REDD+)在减缓气候变化行动中的作用越来越明显, 已经成为《联合国气候变化框架公约》谈判的重要议题。近年来各缔约方针对方法学、融资机制和REDD+与清洁发展机制(CDM)关系的谈判争论越来越激烈。在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第18次缔约方会议(COP18)期间, 对REDD+议题提出了新的要求, 除了有关于逐步建立国家水平森林参考排放水平或参考水平等有关方法学的技术与科学问题外, 基金在融资机制中的作用和非碳效益支付议题也有待进行深入的磋商。文中基于对各缔约方提案的分析结果和REDD+示范项目开展情况, 结合我国森林资源现状, 分析了REDD+机制对我国可能产生的影响并提出后续谈判期的对策建议。 相似文献
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林业碳汇是节能减排最经济、有效的方式之一。随着全球REDD+机制的逐步运行和落实,对林业碳汇项目交易的研究越发显得急迫和重要,基于该背景探讨林业碳汇项目交易的影响因素和激励机制具有理论和实践意义。文中简述林业碳汇项目的市场供给和需求主体,其中供给主体作为卖方主要包括森林资源的所有者和管理者,需求主体作为买方主要包括政府部门和企业实体; 分析影响林业碳汇项目供给与需求的因素,其中影响供给的因素包括项目收益、项目特征、交易政策等,影响需求的因素包括定价、政策、管理者决策等; 从政策、定价和风险规避3个方面概述国外在激励碳汇项目供给与需求方面采取的措施。 相似文献
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当前,气候变化是全球关注的热点问题,森林在应对气候变化中的重要作用已得到广泛认可。2009年哥本哈根气候大会之后,减少源于毁林和林地退化造成的碳排放（REDD）发展成为森林可持续经营与森林保护等（REDD＋）。通过改进森林经营模式、提高碳汇能力和生物多样性．增强稳定性, 相似文献
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近年来全球性气候挑战日益严峻,节能减排成为人类活动的一大主题,碳汇项目应运而生。林业碳汇交易在国际碳市场上占有重要地位且发展较快,但我国林业碳汇交易在缺乏法律保障的情况下呈现出森林碳汇权属不明、监管主体复杂且职能交叉、碳汇合同诈骗等一系列问题。为了保障林业碳汇项目的长远发展,早日实现碳达峰和碳中和目标,提出制定专门的法律法规,明确森林碳汇权属,完善森林碳汇计量监测体系,建立统一的监管平台、完善信息公开制度、明确法律责任等林业碳汇交易法律制度的完善路径。 相似文献
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尼泊尔社区林业发展历史和现状探析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
尼泊尔社区森林管理属于世界领先水平。文中介绍尼泊尔社区林业的起源和发展经历的4个阶段; 阐述尼泊尔社区林业的运行体系, 重点是林业部门、森林使用者联合会、森林使用者小组的角色; 分析尼泊尔社区林业在提高森林质量和产出、帮助社区群众增收、促进REDD+机制和PSE机制发展、提高妇女等弱势群体参与性等方面取得的成效; 探讨森林使用小组在内部治理、利益分配和运行成本等方面存在的问题以及面临的挑战; 总结尼泊尔社区林业的特点, 并提出对于林业发展模式选择的启示。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):200-209
Abstract It is claimed that reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) could contribute to sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks as well as having the potential to deliver significant social and environmental co-benefits (+). From the perspectives of local factors and broader governance issues related to REDD+, this study aims to explore findings related to three crucial elements, commitment, transparency and continuity, implemented jointly with participatory forest management in Tanzania in the case of the REDD+ mechanism. This paper argues that commitment and transparent systems are needed at village level, as well as at the various levels of forest governance and among the donors, in order for REDD+ benefits to be shared equitably at the REDD+ project level. Any REDD+ project should include safeguards that recognise and protect the continuity of multipurpose functions of the forest to local people and avoid dependence on external payments. 相似文献
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Developing and institutionalizing cross-sectoral approaches to sustainable land use remains a crucial, yet politically contested, objective in global sustainability governance. There is a widely acknowledged need for more integrated approaches to sustainable land use that reconcile multiple landscape functions, sectors and stakeholders. However, this faces a number of challenges in practice, including the lack of policy coherence and institutional conflicts across agricultural and forest sectors. In this context, the global climate change mitigation mechanism of “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation” (REDD+) has been flagged as a unique opportunity to stimulate the development and institutionalization of more integrated, “landscape” approaches to sustainable land use. In this article, we provide a reality check for the prospects of REDD+ to deliver on this promise, through analyzing three pioneer cases of REDD+ development and implementation in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico. We analyze how REDD+ has operated in each of these three contexts, based on field work, key-informant interviews, and analysis of primary and secondary documents. Our findings suggest that REDD+ has stimulated development of “niche” sustainable land-use investments in each case, which aim to integrate forest conservation and agricultural development goals, but has done so while competing with business-as-usual incentives. We conclude that national and international political commitment to more integrated and sustainable land-use approaches is a precondition for, rather than a result of, transformative REDD+ interventions. 相似文献
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The concept of Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) dominates international debates on the role of forests in climate change mitigation, but concrete implementation remains a challenge. In contrast to this general trend, Brazil emerged as a noteworthy exception due to the widespread implementation of major REDD+ initiatives. This research paper aims at understanding the implementation of REDD+ in Brazil from a discursive perspective. The analysis identifies two discourses that are guiding the implementation of REDD+ in different ways. On the one hand, advocates of a sustainable development discourse conceive REDD+ as a centralized mechanism to foster pre-existing deforestation control and sustainable economic activities through centralized mechanisms such as the Amazon Fund. On the other hand, a number of disconnected actors follow a carbon commodification discourse inspired by the idea of neoliberal conservation and create REDD+ projects to provide carbon offset to voluntary markets. The analysis of these discourses reveal that implementation processes do not rely on discursive convergence, but rather culminate in the parallel development and implementation of distinct REDD+ discourses that are at the same time competing, coexisting and collaborating on different levels. 相似文献
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在发展中国家减少森林砍伐和退化、增加森林碳储存和开展森林可持续经营(REDD+), 意味着各国必须周期性、系统性地开展森林清查, 以量化森林碳储量的变化。目前的遥感技术可以经济合算地监测森林砍伐, 但监测森林退化仍然比较困难, 测量森林退化成为实施REDD+的一个主要挑战。基于社区的森林清查能够帮助解决这一问题。文中概述社区型监测在REDD+背景下的作用, 比较社区型监测与专业技术人员开展森林清查的成本和数据可靠性, 分析社区型监测的优缺点, 认为需要进一步研究当地社区监测的准确性, 完善实地操作规程, 尽量利用社区型监测的优势实现REDD+。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTGlobal efforts to combat climate change has led to the establishment of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program (REDD+). This study concerns the implementation of REDD+ among local landscapes and communities in Vietnam. How do affected forest-dependent households perceive their roles in sustainable forest management and REDD+ and how do these perceptions and attitudes influence the (potential) socio-ecological performance of REDD+? Two communes consisting of forest-dependent and indigenous communities in Central Vietnam were selected for this study–the former involved in the UN-REDD program and the latter involved in a REDD+ program of Fauna and Flora International (FFI). Here, we differentiated between a ‘do no harm’ and pro-carbon (UN-REDD), and pro-poor (FFI-REDD+) approach to REDD+. Employing an applied socio-ecological systems framework, we conducted household surveys (n = 102) and we adopted qualitative research methods. This study identified the importance of traditional ecological knowledge systems in sustainable forest management. While pro-poor REDD+ was more inclusive, both REDD+ programs in our study were implemented in a top down manner. Lastly, households’ attitudes and perceptions towards rulemaking, sanctioning, monitoring, cultural capital (beliefs and worldviews) and forest protection technology were identified as (potential) local drivers for successful REDD+ implementation in both communes. 相似文献
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减少毁林和森林退化导致的排放, 增加森林碳储量(REDD+)将成为2012年后最具成本效益的一个缓解气候变化的机制。为了避免REDD+项目的设计和实施重蹈早期涉林项目的覆辙, 有必要回顾REDD+之前的涉林政策和涉林项目的问题。早期涉林倡议案、森林认证、环境服务报偿(PES)、综合保护与发展项目(ICDPs)中的经验教训, 对于REDD+特别有参考价值。REDD+的实施需要依赖各国已经同意的倡议, 促进主权国家履行现有承诺, 利用公共权力与私人权力的协同增效作用来产生环保效应。在早期碳项目中, 普遍缺乏可信的反事实构建, 碳计量可靠性上也存在问题。在综合保护与发展项目的实施中, 如何处理好保护与发展的关系, 如何为生态系统服务寻找买家和争取长期的金融支持, 是项目实施成功的主要影响因素。REDD+在设计上就应该考虑到这些问题, 建立在各种经验教训之上的REDD+项目设计和实施应该更加有效和公平。 相似文献
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Sandra Eckert Harifidy Rakoto Ratsimba Lovanirina Olivia RakotondrasoaLalanirina Gabrielle Rajoelison Albrecht Ehrensperger 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(11):1996-2007
Madagascar is currently developing a policy and strategies to enhance the sustainable management of its natural resources, encouraged by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and REDD. To set up a sustainable financing scheme methodologies have to be provided that estimate, prevent and mitigate leakage, develop national and regional baselines, and estimate carbon benefits. With this research study this challenge was tried to be addressed by analysing a lowland rainforest in the Analanjirofo region in the district of Soanierana Ivongo, North East of Madagascar. For two distinguished forest degradation stages: “low degraded forest” and “degraded forest” aboveground biomass and carbon stock was assessed. The corresponding rates of carbon within those two classes were calculated and linked to a multi-temporal set of SPOT satellite data acquired in 1991, 2004 and 2009. Deforestation and particularly degradation and the related carbon stock developments were analysed. With the assessed data for the 3 years 1991, 2004 and 2009 it was possible to model a baseline and to develop a forest prediction for 2020 for Analanjirofo region in the district of Soanierana Ivongo. These results, developed applying robust methods, may provide important spatial information regarding the priorities in planning and implementation of future REDD+ activities in the area. 相似文献
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Climate change spurs havoc on social-ecological system. People and places vulnerable to climate change have been the focus of many discussions. However, in the forestry sector, limited studies have been conducted that link human vulnerability to recent initiatives, such as reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation or REDD+, especially in highly vulnerable countries. Using case studies from the Philippines, this paper focuses on the vulnerability of two community-based forest management (CBFM) organizations, with and without REDD+ readiness intervention, to show the impacts of climate variability and extremes. Two balance-weighted approaches, the livelihood vulnerability index and the IPCC-framework, were used in the vulnerability assessments. Results revealed high vulnerability of both CBFM organizations, although Malitbog Upland Developers for Sustainable Association (MUDSA) livelihood vulnerability is largely aggravated by its exposure to disaster, climate variability and extremes, accessibility to health facilities and water supply. The long history of CBFM implementation in both organizations have minimal contribution in enhancing the adaptive capacity of members to cope with and adapt to climate change impacts. REDD+ (readiness), does not insure reduced vulnerability to climate change, unless sustainable livelihood is achieved. As the State controls forest resources, the rights of CBFM-organizations to commercially benefit from these resources are limited, a disincentive to the development of new and viable development programs in CBFM areas, such as REDD+. This also constrains the achievement of climate resiliency. 相似文献