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E. G. Kebebe S. J. Oosting I. Baltenweck A. J. Duncan 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):681-690
While there is a general consensus that using dairy technologies, such as improved breeds of dairy cows, can substantially increase farm productivity and income, adoption of such technologies has been generally low in developing countries. The underlying reasons for non-adoption of beneficial technologies in the dairy sector are not fully understood. In this study, we characterised adopters and non-adopters of dairy technologies in Ethiopia and Kenya based on farmers’ resources ownership in order to identify why many farmers in Ethiopia and Kenya have not adopted improved dairy technologies. As compared to non-adopters, farmers who adopt dairy technology own relatively more farm resources. The result signals that differences in resource endowments could lead to divergent technology adoption scenarios. Results show that a higher proportion of sample smallholders in Kenya have adopted dairy technologies than those in Ethiopia. Except for the use of veterinary services, fewer than 10% of sample farmers in Ethiopia have adopted dairy technologies—less than half the number of adopters in Kenya. The higher level of dairy technology adoption in Kenya can be ascribed partly to the long history of dairy development, including improvements in the value chain for the delivery of inputs, services and fluid milk marketing. Interventions that deal with the constraints related to access to farm resources and input and output markets could facilitate uptake of dairy technology in developing countries. 相似文献
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恒天然合作社有限公司（简称“恒天然”）是新西兰乃至世界乳品行业中最大的合作社,拥有上万名奶农股东,出口新西兰近95.0%的乳制品,控制着超过1/3的国际乳制品贸易。奶农为恒天然合作社提供牛奶,不仅可以获得奶款,还可以享受分红,这种享受全产业链利润的生产组织方式大大提高了奶农抵抗市场风险的能力,形成了“利益共享,风险共担”的利益联结机制。基于恒天然官网及历年财务报告数据,本文对恒天然与奶农的利益联结机制特征进行全面梳理研究,在介绍合作社管理模式的基础上,对恒天然合作社与奶农之间的利益联结机制进行分析,最后提出了促进中国奶业健康发展的建议,即我国应加强生鲜乳价格协商机制建设,加强复合型奶业人才培训,减少碳排,放增强奶业可持续发展能力。 相似文献
4.
Factors influencing dairy technology adoption and impact on milk yield were studied in 240 smallholder farms in Dejen district, Ethiopia. The majority of the smallholders had more than 20 years of farming experience and were living at more than 10 km distance from market or trading centers (67% and 54% in that order). The dairy technologies studied included the use of crossbred animals, improved feed technologies and improved management practices. Application of acaricides, deworming, vaccination, heat-detection and haymaking had wide application (more than 80% adoption levels) while urea straw treatment, silage making, rotational grazing and fodder beet development were the least practiced ones. Only 20 percent of the cows were crossbred animals. It has been found that higher level of technology adoption is associated with better milk yield regardless of the breed of cattle (local or crossbred) owned by the farmers. Milk yields in local breeds increased by 0.07 times when the number of technologies increased by one unit. In crossbred cows, this rate of increase was five fold higher (0.38 times for one unit increase). Correlation coefficients between and within farm household characteristics and technologies adoption were, generally, significant. Male-headed households adopted significantly higher number of technologies than female-headed households (P?<?0.001). Technology adoption rates increased significantly with increased education level and family size and decreasing distance from market or trade centers (P?<?0.01). The level of technology adoption by smallholder farmers is still unsatisfactory and is highly dependent on gender, family size and level of education of smallholder farmers and location of farms. 相似文献
5.
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted to assess milk producers’ awareness of milk-borne zoonoses in selected
smallholder and commercial dairy farms of Zimbabwe. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information on dairy breeds,
milk production, dairy farmers’ knowledge and awareness of zoonoses with particular emphasis on milk-borne zoonoses and farmers’
behavioural practices that may lead to increased risk of milk-borne zoonoses transmission. A total of 119 dairy farmers were
interviewed, and 41.5% were aware of milk-borne zoonoses with a significantly (P < 0.01) higher percentage of commercial dairy farmers (65.0%) being aware compared to smallholder dairy farmers (36.7%).
The behavioural practices of dairy farmers observed to increase the risk of milk-borne zoonoses transmission were; consumption
of raw milk (68.1%), sale of raw milk to the local public (25.2%), lack of cooling facilities by smallholder farmers (98%),
and no routine testing (84.9%) and medical check-ups (89.1%) for milk-borne zoonoses. General hygienic and disease control
practices need to be integrated in the milk production process particularly at the smallholder level. Awareness, teaching
and training programmes for smallholder dairy farmers can improve disease control in animals and reduce the public health
risk of milk-borne zoonoses. 相似文献
6.
David Makarapong Supawan Tantayanon Chupun Gowanit Chaidate Inchaisri 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
This research aims to investigate the factors affecting Thai dairy farmers’ intention to use ultraviolet C technology (UV‐C) to reduce the number of microorganisms in raw milk. The researcher applied the innovation and diffusion theory (IDT) and the technology acceptance model 2 (TAM2) to evaluate dairy farmer's intention. The 477 dairy farmers in the central part of Thailand were interviewed using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression (MLR). It was found that the intention to adopt UV‐C can accurately predict the factors affecting the intention to use the technology based on the intention levels to create diffusion and promote acceptance. To increase the diffusion and acceptance of UV‐C, the perceived usefulness to increase the milk price was the major influenced factor to promote technology acceptance. Providing facilities for maintenance, the use of this innovation and reporting news about the benefits of new technology to create positive attitudes and confidence lead to the spread of technology driven by early adopters. The technology developers should consider and design technology compatible with existing systems. However, the collaboration of all related parties is also needed to encourage Thai dairy farmers to try the new technology and observe the actual results. 相似文献
7.
通过对临夏地区奶牛小养殖户、养殖大户、行了综合分析。数据表明,小养殖户养殖成本较低;小养殖户和养殖大户在鲜奶销售渠道上有竞争优势;合或组成合作社逐渐向养殖大户和养殖场过渡。养殖场的摸底调查,笔者对不同规模养殖的经济效益进养殖场的奶牛单产高于小养殖户和养殖大户,养殖场较小养殖户在整个奶产业中处于劣势地位,今后应通过联 相似文献
8.
Kenneth W Bailey 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(2):295-317
The United States dairy processing sector is dynamic and adaptive to new changes in the market place. Changes in consumer preferences and manufacturing technologies are resulting in new challenges to the processing sector. Consumers want a wider array of quality dairy products. Fluid processors are adapting to changing consumer demands for beverage products by introducing new flavors, providing ultrapasteurization, and using creative packaging. In addition, United States food manufacturers are requesting dairy processors to provide new dairy fractions such as MPC for new nutrition products. United States dairy policy is attempting to adapt to these changes. Federal order reform has resulted in new market-oriented signals for dairy farmers to produce what the market wants; namely, quality milk components. US dairy farmers, however, also wants to maintain programs such as the DPSP that have had the unfortunate consequence of spurring demand for protein imports (i.e., MPCs, casein, and caseinates) and also resulted in a disincentive to produce these new innovative protein products here in the United States. Surplus skim milk solids are now moving into US Government warehouses rather than into commercial markets. The future of the United States dairy industry will clearly be toward producing innovative products that the market wants. There is a strong market for dairy products not only here in the United States but also overseas, which will mean learning to compete on a global scale. The challenge is to modernize our United States milk pricing programs to provide dairy farmers and processors proper price signals while providing a minimum level of support to dairy farmers. The benefit of a greater orientation toward the market place will be stronger rates of growth for United States-produced dairy products. 相似文献
9.
Chawala A. R. Banos G. Peters A. Chagunda M. G. G. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1337-1344
Decisions of breeding schemes in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa tend to be either government or project driven, with a focus on upgrading local breeds. However, there is scant information on the individual animal traits that smallholder farmers prefer. The aim of this study was to examine farmers’ preferences of dairy cattle traits using a discrete choice experiment methodology. The study was conducted through visits to 555 randomly selected dairy farms in the sub-humid Eastern coast and temperate Southern highlands of Tanzania. Choices of animal traits were presented to farmers who were asked to evaluate choice alternatives based on attribute levels and finally select the alternative with the highest utility. The choice experiment data were analysed using a conditional logit model. Coefficients for milk yield, fertility, feed requirement, temperament and diseases resistance were overall statistically significant (p?<?0.05). In order of perceived importance, farmers were willing to keep a cow with high milk yield (coefficient?=?1.43?±?0.059), good fertility (0.85?±?0.050), easy temperament (0.76?±?0.066), low feed requirement (??0.56?±?0.092) and enhanced tropical disease resistance (0.48?±?0.048). The purchase price coefficient was negative (??0.001?±?0.0003), indicating that farmers would prefer improved dairy cattle at affordable prices. Farmers’ preferred traits were influenced by agro-ecological zone and type of production system (extensive vs intensive). The study provides an opportunity for breeding programme designers to take farmers’ preferred dairy traits into serious consideration.
相似文献10.
Ayenew YA Wurzinger M Tegegne A Zollitsch W 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1145-1152
In order to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of urban and peri-urban dairy production systems in the North western
Ethiopian highlands, a field survey was conducted which included 256 farms. It is concluded that urban farmers tend to specialize
on dairy production and support the family income from non-agricultural activities, while agricultural activities other than
milk production forms an additional source of income in peri-urban farms. The specialization of urban dairy producers includes
the more frequent use of crossbred cows with higher milk yield. Urban and peri-urban dairy production contributes to food
security of the population and family income of the farmers’ families, but also provides a job opportunity for otherwise unemployed
people. Access to farm land, level of education and access to certain input services such as training, veterinary and credit
services were identified as the major constraints for the future development of the dairy sector. 相似文献
11.
To augment the incomes of smallholder farmers in Kenya and consequently improve their nutrition and income, many development
organisations and policy makers are increasingly promoting dairy goat farming. Among the key organisations supporting the
initiative is Heifer Project International—Kenya (HPIK). However, the economic contribution and viability of dairy goats under
the HPIK project have not been studied so far. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of dairy goats
to household income and the performance of the dairy goat enterprise using gross and net margins from dairy goat farming as
an indicator of economic viability. A survey covering 71 farmers was carried out in the Coast, Nyanza, and the Rift Valley
provinces of Kenya using a set of pre-tested structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Results showed that, on average,
the dairy goat enterprise contributed, correspondingly, about 15.2% and 4.8% to the total livestock and overall household
income and was viable. Differences in gross and net margins across agroecological zones were attributed to milk prices. Despite
the existence of non-viable enterprises in two of the provinces, the few present suggest the possibility of obtaining reliable
incomes from the enterprise. Redoubling of effort or re-orientation of production to match the local and external requirements
would, however, be necessary. Costs and revenues were similar across the agroecological zones. Farmers with positive gross
margins had better milk and stock sales and vice versa. The success of a dairy goat enterprise is attributed to location and
good management. Besides, farmers’ awareness of the market demands within and outside the community is important in establishing
production goals and may be crucial to achieving a positive gross margin. 相似文献
12.
杨陵区奶牛养殖户高撑宽因奶价过低而倒掉鲜奶事件引起了一系列连锁反应,给畜牧工作者以深刻的启示。建议政府的农业部门要在牛奶的生产和消费两个方面进行调控,使产和销有机结合;奶农要有市场意识,应积极应对市场风险;农业科技人员要利用科技优势,为奶农服务,降低农民养奶牛的风险,使奶业有序发展。 相似文献
13.
近年来,随着人们生活水平的不断提升,市场对牛奶的需求量越来越高,很大程度上促进了奶牛养殖业的发展。在奶牛养殖、乳品加工产业化水平不断提高的进程中,作为新型农业经营主体的奶牛养殖专业合作社有助于提高奶牛养殖场(户)组织化、产业化程度,解决小生产与大市场的矛盾,有效应对市场风险。因此,因地制宜探索不同的奶牛养殖专业合作社模式成为发挥合作社功能、保障奶牛产业健康发展的重要课题。本文分析了奶牛养殖专业合作社的不同发展模式,并就促进奶牛养殖专业合作社发展的措施进行探究。 相似文献
14.
试验采用随机分组试验设计,选择规模化养殖模式、园区式奶农合作组织养殖模式下的2个奶牛场,每个奶牛场选择80头健康的泌乳奶牛,按照产奶胎次、体重、泌乳阶段和产奶量相近原则随机分为2组,每组40头,就试验组饲粮中添加25g/（头·d）过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）对奶牛产乳量及乳成分的影响进行研究。试验结果发现,经过饲喂之后,试验组与对照组相比,产奶量有显著提高（P〈0.05）。两种模式下乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量均有提高趋势,但是试验组与对照组没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。乳糖、非脂乳固体两个指标略有提高,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。规模化和园区式的试验组相对于对照组每天每头奶牛的净增利润分别为1.80元和0.52元。 相似文献
15.
Eduardo Fuentes Joe Bogue Carlos Gómez Jorge Vargas Pierre-Yves Le Gal 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1419-1426
In developing countries, milk quality is often mismanaged in relation to husbandry practices, collection logistics, and the production of small batches. This paper investigates how the management of milk quality from farm to dairy processor impacts on both chemical and hygienic indicators, in a context characterized by farm scale diversity, the co-existence of formal and informal markets, and high milk demand. It is based on an analysis of the chemical and hygienic quality of milk samples collected over a 12-month period from 20 farms and three dairy processors. Data from the farmers’ husbandry practices and the logistics of milk collection were also collected. A large range of quality profiles and farming practices were observed. This diversity is explained by rainfall and temperature pattern, farm size which affects hygienic quality, and lack of efficient logistics between farms and dairy processors. The findings indicate that in a context of high demand for milk and poor private and public regulations, milk quality is impacted upon by poor stakeholders’ management practices. 相似文献
16.
Mohd Ameer Khan Mahesh Chander Dwaipayan Bardhan 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):461-468
In India, insurance market especially in agricultural sector is usually underdeveloped. The idea of livestock insurance emerged in India before three decades, yet, it has not operated in a significant way till date. It is well noted that livestock insurance scheme is the relevant strategy in managing different risks related to livestock farming but very little attention has been paid to address the livestock insurance needs of the dairy farmers. This study, therefore, addresses the basic question that how many people and to what extent they are willing to pay for livestock insurance and determine the main factors which influence insurance participation of dairy farmers. The data was collected from Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh in India with a sample survey of 120 cattle and buffalo farmers. For eliciting willingness to pay, a contingent valuation scenario was presented to dairy animal owners in the group of five to six. A logit discrete binary regression model was used to know the factors influencing adoption of livestock insurance. The results suggest that most of the farmers were willing to participate in cattle and buffalo insurance. The amount of premium varies across different breeds of dairy animals. The low level of education of many dairy farmers have negatively influenced the decision to purchase livestock insurance. Farmers having more experience in rearing dairy animals are more likely to be willing to pay for cattle and buffalo insurance. 相似文献
17.
Nkya R Kessy BM Lyimo ZC Msangi BS Turuka F Mtenga K 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(8):627-636
Twenty five smallholder dairy farmers and other stakeholders, through a Participatory Rural Appraisal in three wards of the
Tanga township of north east coastal Tanzania, ranked their perceived constraints in descending order of importance: Low milk
price and marketing, feed shortage in the dry season, poor management, low animal productivity, poor reproductive performance
and diseases. Tick borne diseases were reported on a majority of farms. An Economic Opportunity Survey revealed wide ranges
in management indices and improvement in annual milk production, age at first calving and lactation length to represent the
best potential for gain. Performance generally was below locally set targets. Farmers spent on average in the three wards
between 39% and 77% of income from milk on feed costs yearly. Interventions were instituted emphasising those that farmers
could afford immediately. They included farmer training, dry season feed supplementation, tick control, improvement of animal
shed/house cleanliness and the formation of a cooperative for milk marketing. Partial budgeting is being used to monitor success.
Follow-up meetings and regular visits to farms by field officers are disseminating information on outcomes to encourage farmers
to continue with interventions and spread useful knowledge to friends and neighbours. 相似文献
18.
Michiru Fukasawa Masatoshi Kawahata Yumi Higashiyama Tokushi Komatsu 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):394-400
The aim of this study is to identify the factors that comprise farmer attitudes toward dairy cows and jobs in Japan, and examine the relationship between these attitudes and dairy productivity. At first, we executed a questionnaire survey to determine factors that comprise attitudes of farmers toward their jobs and dairy cows, and three factors were extracted. These were named as ‘Positive beliefs to cows’, ‘Negative beliefs to cows’ and ‘Job satisfaction’, respectively. Second, we examined the relationships between attitude and dairy productivity in 35 dairy farms. The positive beliefs scores correlated positively both with milk yield and milk urea nitrogen concentration. We found there to be three farm groups by cluster analysis using three attitude score. The group B farms showed significantly higher positive beliefs scores and job satisfaction scores; on the other hand, the group C farms showed significantly lower positive beliefs scores and higher negative belief scores. The milk yield in group B was significantly higher than that in group C. This study showed that Japanese farmers' attitudes toward cows considerably resemble those seen in previous studies in Western cultures. Positive attitudes toward cows could enhance stockmanship, and could improving animal welfare and productivity. 相似文献
19.
Tebug SF Kasulo V Chikagwa-Malunga S Wiedemann S Roberts DJ Chagunda MG 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):55-62
Milk production in Malawi is still unsatisfactory despite efforts by different stakeholders to boost the dairy sector. To
investigate the roots of the problem, a survey on the current production practices and constraints on smallholder dairy farming
was conducted in the Northern Region of the country. A total of 210 farmers were interviewed. The results revealed that farmers
had small herd sizes in the region with an average of 2.2 ± 0.6 cattle per farmer. Average herd size was larger in male-managed
farms than in female-managed farms (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.3), farmers with more than 5 years of dairy farming experience had
larger herds than those with less experience (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1. 2) and farmers who grazed their animals tended to have
larger herds than those that stall-fed their animals (4.4 ± 5.1 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3). Average milk production was 8.2 ± 6.5 l per
cow per day. Higher average daily milk production was observed in farmers with above primary school education (10.3 ± 8.3
vs. 7.7 ± 5.6), those with dairy farming as main activity (9.3 ± 6.6 vs. 6. 5 ± 6.1) and farmers with more than 2 years of
experience in dairy farming (9.3 ± 6.3 vs. 6.1 ± 6.4). Unreliable supply of improved animal genetics, poor animal health,
feed shortage and poor prices for milk were considered to be the most important constraints to smallholder dairy farming in
descending order. 相似文献
20.
In order to identify the factors influencing adoption of technologies promoted by government to small-scale dairy farmers in the highlands of central Mexico, a field survey was conducted. A total of 115 farmers were grouped through cluster analysis (CA) and divided into three wealth status categories (high, medium and low) using wealth ranking. Chi-square analysis was used to examine the association of wealth status with technology adoption. Four groups of farms were differentiated in terms of farms' dimensions, farmers' education, sources of incomes, wealth status, management of herd, monetary support by government and technological availability. Statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the milk yield per herd per year among groups. Government organizations (GO) participated little in the promotion of the 17 technologies identified, six of which focused on crop or forage production and 11 of which were related to animal husbandry. Relatives and other farmers played an important role in knowledge diffusion and technology adoption. Although wealth status had a significant association (p < 0.05) with adoption, other factors including importance of the technology to farmers, usefulness and productive benefits of innovations together with farmers' knowledge of them, were important. It is concluded that the analysis of the information per group and wealth status was useful to identify suitable crop or forage related and animal husbandry technologies per group and wealth status of farmers. Therefore the characterizations of farmers could provide a useful starting point for the design and delivery of more appropriate and effective extension. 相似文献