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1.
用石斛象甲上分离出来的两株蜡蚧轮枝菌菌株Ⅰ和菌株Ⅱ,采用Hall生物测定方法,测定了其致病性和对烟蚜的毒力。结果表明:在10~8孢子/ml浓度下,石斛象甲的喙、足在5d后有菌丝产生,8d后虫死亡,虫体表面布满菌丝。其中菌株Ⅰ致病性最强,其LC_(50)在24～96h明显小于菌株Ⅱ;120h时,菌株Ⅰ的LC_(50)为3.27×10~5孢子/ml,菌株Ⅱ的LC_(50)为1.32×10~5孢子/ ml。在同一数量级(10~7、10~6、10~5),菌株Ⅰ的LT_(50)最短;两菌株在120h内都能使大量烟蚜感染致死,且随着孢子浓度的增加LT_(50)都减小。研究表明从石斛象甲上分离出来的蜡蚧轮枝菌对石斛象甲具有致病性,对烟蚜有较高的生物活性。 相似文献
2.
采用价格低廉的农副产品结合液固两相培养的方法进行发酵培养,干燥后的固体培养基经粉碎后人工过300目筛,取菌粉(55%),加过300目筛的填料硅藻土(42%)、润湿剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(3%)及稳定剂混匀制得55%蜡蚧轮枝菌可湿性粉剂。该制剂有效孢子浓度3.0×109个/g;细度:97%以上过300目筛;润湿时间:2′57″;悬浮率:75.6%;含水量<3.0%;pH值6~7。该制剂对小菜蛾的LC50到8d时为1.51×104孢子/ml;在田间试验中,施用3次该可湿性粉剂2.1×107孢子/ml对萝卜蚜的15~25d防治效果为64.9%~70.7%。 相似文献
3.
对从未喷药的中国农业大学校园露地栽培的辣根上采集的介壳虫制作成永久玻片后进行鉴定,初步判断为梨绒蚧(Eriococcus tokaedae Kuwana)。将蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)Bj085-1菌株分生孢子配成(1.4×104)～(1.4×108)孢子/mL的5个处理浓度,对梨绒蚧若虫进行第1次毒力测定。结果显示,各个处理浓度之间的平均累计死亡率大致随着孢子浓度的增加而增加,其中以(1.4×108)孢子/mL浓度处理的最高,但只有45.7%。其后将第1次毒力测定试验中死亡虫体经保湿后出现的菌丝体进行分离纯化,获得了新株系(Lecanicillium lecanii-01Et)进行第2次毒力测定(方法同第1次)。结果表明,不同浓度的L.lecanii-01Et分生孢子对梨绒蚧若虫的杀虫速度随浓度的增加而明显加快,浓度增至(1.4×108)孢子/mL时,杀虫速度最快,LT50仅为3.95 d,平均累计校正死亡率达84.1%。说明分离纯化后的蜡蚧轮枝菌新株系(L.lecanii-01Et)分生孢子对梨绒蚧若虫有较好的防治作用。 相似文献
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本研究从古巴土壤中分离得到一株蜡蚧菌CHLB5,通过形态学及分子生物学分析鉴定为渐狭蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium attenuatum,该菌株对单糖、双糖、多糖等碳营养及有机氮和无机氮等营养均能利用,但存在一定的差异。其中,菌丝生长以麦芽糖和蛋白胨的较快(速率分别为6.38和7.44 mm/d),以甘油和硫酸铵的较慢(分别为3.92和3.79 mm/d);分生孢子产生量以麦芽糖和蛋白胨较多(产孢量分别为6.98×1010和3.96×1010孢子/皿),以甘油和脲较少(产孢量分别为0.39×1010和1.76×1010孢子/皿)。菌株CHLB5在19~29℃能正常生长,菌丝生长和产孢量的最适温度为27℃。菌株对烟粉虱2龄若虫第8 d的致死率为86.9%,该菌株在害虫生防上具有较高的应用潜力。 相似文献
8.
蜡蚧轮枝菌致病性初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对蜡蚧轮枝菌V-816菌株致病性的研究,结果表明,该菌对菜青虫、小菜蛾、甘蓝蚜、棉叶螨有较强的致病力。随浓度增加,杀虫效果明显提高,且对幼龄幼虫的致病力较对老龄幼虫的强。温度对该菌的致病力有明显的影响,其致病适温为25～30℃。同时试验表明该菌不侵染七星瓢虫的幼虫。 相似文献
9.
土壤真菌分子生态学研究需要大量和高效地提取真菌的DNA。应用市售的一般试剂盒提取土壤虫生真菌DNA,常常存在得率和质量低的问题,甚至根本提取不到土壤真菌的DNA样品。针对这一问题,本研究对细胞破碎方式及后续DNA提取参数进行了一系列的改进和优化,建立了一套针对性的提取方法。该提取法对虫生真菌—蜡蚧轮枝菌纯培养物的灵敏度极高,可在10个孢子的条件下提取到DNA,而市售的试剂盒则不能提取到(试剂盒在107个孢子条件仍提不到DNA);该提取法对人工投菌土样的DNA提取灵敏度达到102个孢子/克土,所得的DNA纯度高,无明显抑制后续PCR扩增的物质;施用过蜡蚧轮枝菌的田间土样所得DNA样品可成功扩增出蜡蚧轮枝菌特异片段,而未施用过蜡蚧轮枝菌的田间土样所得DNA样品不能扩增出蜡蚧轮枝菌特异片段。本提取方法具有灵敏度和纯度高的特点,适用于土壤虫生真菌的分子生态学样品制备。 相似文献
10.
利用虫生真菌蜡蚧轮枝菌、芽枝状枝孢霉和圆斑弯叶毛瓢虫对湿地松粉蚧的自然种群进行控制试验,在湿地松粉蚧自然种群连续生命表的基础上,通过以空间状态方程为分析手段,就圆斑弯叶毛瓢虫、芽枝状枝孢霉和蜡蚧轮枝菌对湿地松粉蚧联合作用进行了模拟分析,结果表明各种组合比较单独因子更能有效地控制湿地松粉蚧。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
20.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献