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1.
The study aimed at exploring durum wheat landraces to be utilized in breeding programs. 566 single durum wheat plants selected
from 117 populations collected from 12 provinces were studied. The selected material was planted for characterizing their
some qualitative and quantitative traits such as percent vitreousness, pearling index, grain protein content, seed yield and
thousand kernel weight; as well as determining time frame for germination-tillering, germination-shooting, germination-heading,
germination-maturity, tillering-shooting (T-S), tillering-heading (T-H), tillering-maturity, shooting-heading, shooting-maturity,
and heading-maturity. Mean, coefficient of variation, and confidence intervals (0.95) were computed for each of 12 provinces,
for altitudinal origins with 200 m of ranges and, for each of two geographical regions separately. The highest variation existed
for number of days between T-H and the lowest for number of days between T-S. The highest variation within developmental stages
was observed in samples from Diyarbakir with a CV of 32.96%, from 600 to 799 altitude range with a CV of 18.86%, and from
Southeast Anatolia with a CV of 20.12%. 相似文献
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3.
Nasab K. Rawashdeh Nasri I. Haddad Mohamad M. Al-Ajlouni Munir A. Turk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):129-138
Durum wheat landrace genotypes are disappearing from the main wheat areas in Jordan, because of spreading of new uniform cultivars
and the serious reduction in wheat cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in durum wheat landraces
from Jordan and to identify desirable agronomic traits. Landraces were collected from two target areas: Ajloun and Karak.
The collected material was grown under rainfed conditions using an augmented design with five blocks and four repeated check
cultivars. Data were collected for 14 morphological and agronomic traits. Phenotypic diversity index (H′) was estimated, and
the relationships among accessions were measured using cluster analysis and dendrogram similarity matrix. The results revealed
the presence of a wide range of variability among landraces., which possess high levels of variability for biological yield,
fertile tillers, number of seeds per spike, seed weight per spike and weight of 1000 seeds. These landraces must be considered
as a reservoir of genes that plant breeders need in their wheat improvement programs and should be conserved both ex situ and in situ. 相似文献
4.
M. C. Vaz Patto P. M. Moreira V. Carvalho S. Pego 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1555-1563
The Portuguese maize bread (“broa”) manufactured from traditional maize landraces still plays an important economic and social
role on Central and Northern rural communities of the country. However the traditional maize landraces agricultural systems
are changing. Local maize landraces are in risk of disappearing because of the progressive adoption of hybrid varieties not
suitable for bread production. These changes are contributing to a major loss of genetic diversity. An expedition took place
in the Central region of Portugal (Beira Interior and Beira Litoral) with the purpose of collecting enduring maize landraces
with technological ability for bread production and to access the possibility of establishing a participatory plant breeding
and conservation program. A total of 51 different maize landraces and 175 other varieties of associated crops were collected.
Maize landraces showed to maintain high diversity and potential for improvement. The production relayed on small farms with
polycrop, quality oriented, sustainable systems. A participatory plant breeding and conservation program would be possible
on this region with the proviso that local authorities would be involved. This program would allow a higher valuation of these
maize populations, contributing to halt the current loss of these unique Portuguese maize landraces. 相似文献
5.
Naod Beteselassie Chemeda Fininsa Ayele Badebo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):337-343
Seedlings of 41 emmer (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) and 56 durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat accessions were evaluated for their response to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) infection under greenhouse condition at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. The objectives were to identify
tetraploid wheat accessions that could serve as sources of resistance to stem rust, and postulate the stem rust (Sr) resistance genes through multipatotype testing. The test included screening of accessions for stem rust resistance and multipatotype
testing. To ensure vigorous screening, a mixture of six isolates (Si-1a, Am-2, Ku-3, Dz-4a, Ro-4 and Na-22) that were collected
from severely infected emmer, durum, and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties of major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia was used as inocula. Out of the tested accessions, 18 emmer and 6
durum accessions exhibited low infection types (0–2) response and hence selected as a source of resistance to stem rust infection.
Multipatotype testing was done to postulate Sr genes in the selected accessions. In the test, 10 different stem rust races (A2, A9, A11, A14, A16, A17, B3, B7, B15, and
B21), 33 stem rust differential lines, and a universal susceptible check variety, Morocco were used, The high (3–4) and low infection type reaction patterns of the tested accessions and differential lines were used
to postulate the genes that exhibit gene-for-gene relationship. The presence of Sr 7b, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10, 14, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and Tt-3+10 genes were postulated in 16 selected emmer and 5 durum wheat accessions. Efforts to transfer these valuable Sr genes from cultivated tetraploid wheats could be rewarding to get stem rust resistant varieties and boost wheat production. 相似文献
6.
O. Ozbek E. Millet Y. Anikster O. Arslan M. Feldman 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1587-1598
The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic variation in several Israeli and Turkish populations of wild emmer
wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, the progenitor of most domesticated wheat. Single spikes were collected in 2002 from 60 plants that grew in six different
habitats in Ammiad, northeastern Israel (8–12 plants from each habitat), and in 1998 from 56 plants that grew in seven different
habitats in Diyarbakir, southeastern Turkey (8 plants from each habitat). Seeds were planted in a nursery and DNA was extracted
from every plant and analyzed by the fluorescent-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. Seven primer
combinations produced 788 discernible loci of which 48.6% were polymorphic in Israel and 40.5% in Turkey. The genetic diversity
estimates P (frequency of polymorphic loci) and He (gene diversity) were higher in Ammiad than in Diyarbakir (means of P = 0.34 and He = 0.13 in Ammiad vs. P = 0.20 and He = 0.08 in Diyarbakir). Ammiad populations contained more unique alleles than Diyarbakir populations. The relative genetic
diversity estimates (θ) values were 0.188 in Ammiad and 0.407 in Diyarbakir, suggesting better differentiation of the populations in Turkey. Genetic
distance was larger between Israeli and Turkish populations than between populations of each country. The data indicate that
the Israeli and Turkish populations are considerably diverged and that the Israeli populations are more polymorphic than the
Turkish ones, having a larger within-populations genetic variation than among-populations one. The significance of the results
in relation to the differentiation pattern of wild emmer in the Near East is discussed. 相似文献
7.
P. Routray O. Basha M. Garg N. K. Singh H. S. Dhaliwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1315-1326
Seed samples of 27 landraces of wheat were collected from farmers’ fields of hilly areas of Himalaya in Uttaranchal state
of India during April 2004. Genetic diversity among 41 genotypes (cultivars and landraces of wheat) was studied using morphological
traits, microsatellite markers and SDS-PAGE of HMW-GS. The dendrogram and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) based on morphological
data clearly separated landraces of wheat from cultivars. In the dendrogram based on microsatellite markers data all the wheat
cultivars released after the introduction of high yielding dwarf wheat varieties from CIMMYT, used in this study, were grouped
separately with the exception of NP4. The pre-green revolution indigenous varieties grouped with landraces suggesting that
the same had been probably developed through selection among landraces in India. The landraces had higher diversity for HMW-glutenin
subunits coded by Glu-B1, with distinct subunit combinations 6 + 8, 7 + 9, 13 + 16, than within the wheat cultivars analyzed. Most of the landraces
except IITR10 and IITR14 are clearly distinct from the indigenous and modern wheat cultivars released in India in the 20th
century. More than half of the landraces were heterogeneous mixture of plants with different glume color, awnness, grain color
and HMW-GS profile and hence need purification through single plant selection. Some of the landraces with resistance to yellow
rust and powdery mildew and distinct HMW-GS subunits can be used in appropriate breeding programs. It will be desirable to
conserve and protect the landraces as geographical indications of Uttaranchal. 相似文献
8.
During a collecting mission in Corsica (France) three landraces of citron melon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai subsp. lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.) were collected in the northern areas. Today in Corsica this old and neglected crop is in decline
and risks extinction. A strategy for its characterization and safeguarding is in progress at the genebank of IGV of Bari (Italy). 相似文献
9.
N. P. S. Dhillon R. Ranjana Kuldeep Singh I. Eduardo A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat N. K. Dhillon P. P. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1267-1283
Diversity among 36 snapmelon landraces, collected from 2 agro-ecological regions of India (9 agro-climatic sub-regions), was
assayed using RAPD primers, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits, pest and disease resistance
and biochemical composition (TSS, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity). Typical differences among accessions were observed in
plant and fruit characteristics and snapmelon germplasm with high titrable acidity and possessing resistance to downy mildew,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Aphis gossypii and Meloidogyne incognita was noticed in the collection. RAPD based grouping analysis revealed that Indian snapmelon was rich in genetic variation
and region and sub-region approach should be followed across India for acquisition of additional melon landraces. Accessions
of var. agrestis and var. momordica clustered together and there was a separate cluster of the accessions of var. reticulatus. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability among Indian snapmelons and an array of previously characterized reference
accessions of melon from Spain, Israel, Korea, Japan, Maldives, Iraq, Pakistan and India using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon
germplasm contained a high degree of unique genetic variability which was needed to be preserved to broaden the genetic base
of melon germplasm available with the scientific community.
N. P. S. Dhillon and Ranjana contributed equally to this work and are considered the first authors. 相似文献
10.
Total 65 lotus accessions in genus Nelumbo mainly collected from China, were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to estimate the genetic diversity
and to test the genetic basis of the relationships between morphotypes and molecular markers. Seventeen primers generated
a total of 195 highly reproducible and discernible loci, among which 173 were polymorphic. Percent polymorphism varied from
66.7 to 100 with an average of 88.72, and five primers out of them, OPC05, OPG10, OPN20, OPP09 and OPS17, showed 100% polymorphism.
A relatively high genetic diversity was detected among all the samples with the similarity coefficient values ranging from
0.45 to 0.85, and Nei’s gene diversity (h) 0.30, and Shannon index (I) 0.46. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered 65 accessions in four clusters and the clustering pattern showed two groups, N. nucifera ssp. nucifera and those accessions related to the American lotus, and some special cultivars, landraces, hybrids and the American lotus.
Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) further indicated that the genetic diversity of Nelumbo accessions was not evenly distributed, instead, was presented by a clustered distribution pattern. Similar to the results
revealed by the dendrogram, two main groups representing the two subspecies of N. nucifera, as well as some special landraces, cultivars of Chinese lotus, the Japanese lotus and hybrids out of the two groups were
obtained. Neither the UPGMA dendrogram nor the PCA analysis exhibited strict relationship with geographic distribution and
morphotypes among the accessions. 相似文献
11.
The eleven most known landraces from central and southern Italy were analysed using ISSR markers on 15 randomly chosen individuals
for each landrace, with the aim of assessing genetic variation within and among landraces and possibly ascertaining their
origin and genetic relationships. A total of 164 loci were observed, 128 of which (78.05%) were polymorphic. Gene diversity
over all landraces was I = 0.3759. The highest within-landrace diversity was observed in samples from the Apennine ridge and for one Sicilian landrace;
on the other hand, samples from the small Sicily islands were less variable. Principal Component Analysis and AMOVA allowed
the discrimination of groups of landraces with higher similarity. Analyses indicate that the small Sicily islands landraces
are very closely related to one another and seem to be derived from the peninsular material; moreover, they help disclose
relationships among geographically close landraces. The knowledge so acquired can, therefore, contribute to elaborate strategies
for increasing the economical value of élite landraces and to protect producers from frauds. 相似文献
12.
Agromorphological and molecular variability in the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesbania</Emphasis>
Green manuring especially in rice wheat cropping systems of many tropical and subtropical countries is regaining importance
due to increased fertilizer costs and environmental considerations. Many species of Sesbania genus have been reported as potential green manure crops. The genus is not well characterized and there is a lot of ambiguity
over the nomenclature and classification of the species of this genus. A pilot study based on agro-morphological and molecular
data was conducted to examine the interspecific and intraspecific variability in the selected species of Sesbania genus that were collected from diverse geographical locations and are recommended or traditionally used as green manures.
The study revealed a lot interspecific variability at both morphological and molecular level. It was also shown that species-specific
genetic markers could be generated. The potential use of such markers in Sesbania breeding program is discussed. The study also emphasizes the utilization of molecular profiling for proper identification
and classification of the species of this genus. In addition, various limitations in breeding and utilization of Sesbania as a green manure crop and the potential of a radiation induced late flowering mutant (Trombay Sesbania rostrata-1; TSR-1) for crop improvement is also discussed. 相似文献
13.
N’Diaye Amidou Noirot Michel Hamon Serge Poncet Valérie 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1011-1021
The phenotypic and genetic differentiation between the two related Coffea species (C. liberica Hiern and C. canephora Pierre) was examined. These species differed markedly in terms of leaf, inflorescence, fruit and seed characters. A genetic
map of the interspecific cross Coffea liberica × C. canephora was constructed on the basis of 72 BC1 hybrids. Eighty-three AFLP markers, four inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and
five microsatellites corresponding to Coffea liberica species-specific markers were mapped into 16 linkage groups. The total length of the map was 1502.5 cM, with an average of
16.3 cM between markers and an estimated genome coverage of 81%. The two species were evaluated relative to 16 quantitative
traits and found to be significantly different for 15 of them. Eight QTLs were detected, associated with variations in petiole
length, leaf area, number of flowers per inflorescence, fruit shape, fruit disc diameter, seed shape and seed length. Results
on segregation distortion and the under-representation of particular markers were interpreted in terms of genome differentiation.
The implications for the introgression of QTLs involved in advantageous morphological traits (number of flowers per inflorescence,
fruit and seed shape) are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Bettina Heider Elke Fischer Tanja Berndl Rainer Schultze-Kraft 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):529-542
Pueraria montana var. lobata and P. phaseoloides originating from tropical Asia and parts of Oceania are ecologically and economically important legumes that are used as
green manure, cover crop or forage plants. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources require an understanding of the
extent and distribution of genetic diversity in any given region. In this study, genetic variation of five P. montana var. lobata and 16 P. phaseoloides accessions was analysed developing a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker methodology for Pueraria species and thereby creating basic data for follow-up research and the development of conservation strategies. Seeds were
collected from native populations in Bac Kan Province, a mountainous region in Northeast Vietnam. P. montana var. lobata presented a high level of variation with 54.3% of the detected markers being polymorphic, whereas P. phaseoloides exhibited an intermediate to high level of variation (45.5%). The P. montana var. lobata accessions clustered in congruence with their eco-geographical origin. For P. phaseoloides no correspondence between sampling sites and genetic differentiation was found. Inter-population differentiation was measured
as Jaccard's similarity coefficient (JSC). Mean JSC amounted to 0.35 in P. montana var. lobata and 0.52 in P. phaseoloides. Results are compared to other genetic studies of herbaceous legumes and conservation strategies are suggested. 相似文献
15.
Jorge Cunha Margarida Baleiras-Couto José P. Cunha Jorgete Banza Adelaide Soveral Luís C. Carneiro José E. Eiras-Dias 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):981-988
Wild populations of Vitis vinifera L.␣have been located in Portugal. Morphological characterization was carried out in three populations located in Alcácer
do Sal, Castelo Branco, and Montemor-o-Novo, and then compared using multivariate discriminant analysis. These populations
were from three different hydrological basins, therefore cross-pollination was not possible. It was verified that in each
population all plants were different. The data suggest that the frequency of female and male plants is rather variable in
wild populations. The morphology of the adult leaf, from the Alcácer do Sal population, had particular features when compared
with Castelo Branco and Montemor-o-Novo populations, which were more homogeneous. The length of teeth compared with width
at the end of the base, and the density of prostrate hairs between and on main veins (lower side) were the variables which
allowed the best discrimination among populations. 相似文献
16.
Unharvested stubbles or harvested straw of rice (Oryza sativa L.) gets incorporated into soil and interferes with the seedling growth of crop plants. In this paper, we investigated whether
rice straw, either through releasing allelochemicals and/or through manipulating soil properties, influences seedling growth
of Phalaris minor Retz., a non-native weed largely restricted to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. One hundred twenty grams of soil was amended with rice straw (0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 g/pot) and its effect on fresh
shoot biomass of P. minor was examined. Any modification of rice straw phytotoxicity through the use of washed rice straw, activated charcoal, soil
sterilization, or nitrogen fertilization was also studied. We carried out chemical and microbial analysis of soils to examine
the role of soil properties in influencing P. minor growth. Incorporation of rice straw into soil suppressed the growth of P. minor through modifying soil properties. A dose-dependent increase in total phenolics was observed in soil amended with rice straw.
Activated carbon or washing of rice straw, however, could not ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of rice straw. Our results
provide initial evidence that rice straw restricts P. minor growth by manipulating soil chemical and microbiological properties.
Authors contributions IJ conceived of and supervised the study, and wrote the paper; SK carried out the work. 相似文献
17.
T. A. Pshenichnikova I. F. Lapochkina L. V. Shchukina 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):287-293
The genetic control of morphological characters and gliadin composition was studied in two bread wheat lines with introgressed
segments from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. It was found that the transferred trait of leaf hairiness is controlled by one dominant gene, non-allelic to the
known gene, Hl1. It was localized in 7B chromosome. Whole plant non-glaucousness is under the control of an inhibitor gene, allelic to the
gene W1I of wheat located on chromosome 2B. This gene was found to be epistatic to the gene controlling spike waxlessness. The introgressed
gene for spike glume color was found to be allelic to the Rg1 gene located on 1BS of common wheat, but it was linked with another allele of the gliadin locus Gli-B1. 相似文献
18.
B. J. Stodart H. Raman N. Coombes M. Mackay 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):759-766
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces held within ex situ collections offer a valuable and largely unexplored genetic resource for wheat improvement
programs. To maximise full utilisation of such collections the evaluation of landrace accessions for traits of interest is
required. In this study, 250 accessions from 21 countries were screened sequentially for tolerance to aluminium (Al) using
haematoxylin staining of root tips and by root regrowth measurement. The staining test indicated tolerance in 35 accessions,
with an intermediate response to Al exhibited in a further 21 accessions. Of the 35 accessions classified as tolerant, 33
also exhibited increased root length following exposure to Al. The tolerant genotypes originated from Bulgaria, Croatia, India,
Italy, Nepal, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. AFLP analysis of the 35 tolerant accessions indicated that these represent diverse
genetic backgrounds. These accessions form a valuable set of germplasm for the study of Al tolerance and may be of benefit
to breeding programs for expanding the diversity of the gene pool from which tolerant cultivars are developed. 相似文献
19.
Takuro Ito Toshinori Ochiai Hiroki Ashizawa Toshinori Shimodate Takahiro Sonoda Tatsuya Fukuda Jun Yokoyama Toshiaki Kameya Akira Kanno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1063-1071
The genus Asparagus (Asparagaceae) encompasses 100–300 species, including the important vegetable crop, A. officinalis (garden asparagus). Previous attempts to hybridize garden asparagus with A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop, with the aim of introducing disease resistance, were unsuccessful because of the failure of endosperm development.
In the present study, reciprocal interspecific hybrids between garden asparagus and A. schoberioides Kunth were generated by hand pollination. The F1 hybrids were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular techniques.
This is the first report describing the production of an interspecific hybrid between garden asparagus at the diploid level
(2n = 2x = 20) and its diploid (2n = 2x = 20) wild relative, A. schoberioides. Morphological characteristics of candidate hybrids were a mixture of those found in the parents, and cytological and RFLP
analyses confirmed that morphologically intermediate plants were indeed diploid hybrids of those two species. In other words,
post-zygotic isolation is not complete between phylogenetically distinct these two species. Our results suggest that other
Asparagus species may be capable of hybridizing with A. officinalis and that introducing wild characters through interspecific hybridization may offer advantages for breeding for novel traits.
Takuro Ito and Toshinori Ochiai authors are contributed equally to this work 相似文献
20.
S. D. Segura G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge C. H. Ocampo P. Ollitrault 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(4):455-463
In a general study of banana passion fruit genetic resources, diversity was analyzed in the two main cultigens, P. tripartita
var. mollissima and P. tarminiana, and their closest wild relative, P. mixta, scoring isozyme bands (IDH,PGM,ACP,PGD,DIA,andPRX)
on288 plants from 31 accessions. Polymorphismandallelic richness, Nei diversity indices, and neighbor joining clustering showed
that variation was poor in the cultigens in northern and central Colombia, while P. mixta appeared much more polymorphic.
The populations of P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. mixta from southern Colombia and Ecuador show higher diversity values
and are clearly differentiated from those of central and northern Colombia. This geographic component of variation is even
stronger than the interspecific one, which suggests a close relation and a regular gene flow between these two species. In
contrast, all the accessions of P. tarminiana constitute a clearly differentiated group, even if some introgression with P.
tripartita var. mollissima is also suspected. The high variation observed in the southern region indicates the proximity of
a center of diversity for banana passion fruit and collecting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia is recommended. The high diversity
of P. mixta and the evidence of gene flow with P. tripartita var. mollissima constitute a favorable context for the implementation
of in situ conservation strategies. 相似文献