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1.
日本不同棱型大麦种质资源农艺性状的差异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解引进大麦品种资源的特性并为进一步利用提供依据,以从日本引进的儿9份大麦种质为材料,对不同棱型大麦的株高、穗下节间长、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和产量等6个农艺性状进行了测定及统计分析。结果表明,不同棱型的材料在这6个性状上有明显的差异,其中株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重4个性状差异显著。与四棱和六棱相比较,二棱材料极显著地表现出矮秆、穗下节间长度短、穗子长、穗粒数少、千粒重大的特点;四棱材料株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重居中,产量显著高于其它类型;六棱材料穗粒数极明显地高于其它棱型。 相似文献
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为了解高温胁迫对大麦孕穗灌浆期主要农艺性状和产量性状的影响,选用4个二棱啤酒大麦品种为材料,采用盆栽及人工气候箱,在大麦孕穗灌浆期进行高温处理,以常温为对照,考察了大麦完熟期株高、穗下节间长、主穗长、单株穗数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和结实率。结果表明,孕穗期高温胁迫对大麦株高、穗下节间长及穗长的影响程度因品种特性不同而异。高温胁迫致使参试大麦品种的单株粒重和千粒重显著降低,使除Harrino Nijo外的其余3个品种的结实率和单株粒数均显著降低。综合比较,Harrino Nijo的耐高温性能最好,其次为扬农啤6号,917112和苏啤3号对高温比较敏感。 相似文献
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为了解不同棱型大麦籽粒性状的差异性及其千粒重与粒型性状的相关性,对98份二棱大麦和89份六棱大麦品种(系)在不同试点的千粒重、粒长、粒宽进行测定和分析。结果表明,二棱大麦千粒重、粒长和粒宽普遍高于六棱大麦,不同棱型大麦千粒重、粒长和粒宽在基因型间及环境间差异均达到显著或极显著水平。经过聚类分析,依据千粒重将二棱大麦和六棱大麦聚为高、中、低粒重3类。随着千粒重的减小,二棱大麦千粒重与粒长之间由显著正相关变为不显著负相关,六棱大麦则由不显著正相关变为显著正相关。二棱大麦和六棱大麦各类品种(系)的平均千粒重与粒宽均呈极显著正相关,而且相关系数均高于千粒重与粒长的相关系数。 相似文献
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为了解大麦籽粒大小的遗传多样性与稳定性,以185份大麦种质资源为材料,测定了7个试验环境下籽粒的长度、宽度、长宽比及千粒重等性状,对其遗传多样性和稳定性进行了分析评价。结果表明,所有试验环境下二棱大麦粒长、粒宽及千粒重均值均大于六棱大麦,籽粒长宽比均值均小于六棱大麦;二棱大麦与六棱大麦千粒重、粒长、粒宽及籽粒长宽比在品种(系)间及环境间差异均极显著,且品种(系)与环境之间存在极显著的互作效应,籽粒大小在环境间差异程度因性状而异,其中以千粒重的差异程度最大。依据10级分类分布频次法则,千粒重和粒宽分布比较集中,六棱大麦集中分布在3、4等级,二棱大麦集中分布在7、8等级;粒长和籽粒长宽比分布比较分散,六棱大麦粒长和籽粒长宽比分别分布在1~10等级和2~10等级范围内,二棱大麦粒长和长宽比分别集中分布在4~8等级和2~7等级范围内。千粒重与粒长、粒宽及粒长与籽粒长宽比呈极显著正相关,粒宽与籽粒长宽比呈极显著负相关;粒长与粒宽及千粒重与籽粒长宽比的相关性因棱型不同而异。二棱大麦千粒重的稳定性小于六棱大麦,而粒长和籽粒长宽比的稳定性恰好相反,粒宽的稳定性与棱型无关;皮大麦千粒重稳定性小于裸大麦,其余籽粒大小性状的稳定性与皮裸无关。通过熵权法TOPSIS对大麦籽粒大小进行综合评价,筛选出籽粒饱满且稳定的品种川52209,其可作为大麦籽粒性状改良的优异种质。 相似文献
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为了解播期对多小穗和寡小穗小麦生育期及农艺性状的影响,对13份不同来源的小麦品种(系)两年分期播种的生育期和6个农艺性状(株高、单株有效分蘖数、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重)进行了分析和评价。结果表明,播期的推迟导致材料间出苗期差异变大,抽穗期差异缩小,但开花期和成熟期差异变化不大,各农艺性状值减小。经方差分析,各农艺性状在不同播期和品种(系)间均存在极显著差异,其中单株有效分蘖数的变异系数最大,穗粒数次之,每穗小穗数最小。多小穗材料10-A和寡小穗材料BE89的穗长、每穗小穗数和穗粒数在播期间差异较小。经相关分析,播种至出苗和分蘖至抽穗天数与温度呈极显著负相关,出苗至分蘖和开花至成熟天数与平均日照时间呈显著负相关,抽穗至开花天数与温度和降水量呈显著负相关。经多元逐步回归分析,日最高温和日均温对多小穗和寡小穗材料的分蘖至抽穗天数有显著影响,平均日照时间在开花期、日最高温在成熟期分别对多小穗材料发育有显著影响。由此可见,小穗数特异性材料的每穗小穗数在不同播期下能保持稳定。 相似文献
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139份大麦种质材料苗期和成株期抗白粉病鉴定评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给培育大麦持续性抗白粉病品种提供有价值的抗源,利用7个大麦白粉病菌优势小种,在实验室条件下分别接种139份大麦品种(系),进行苗期抗性鉴定,同时于2009-2011年度在云南保山对参试品种(系)进行田间成株期抗性鉴定,并考查成株期抗病材料的农艺性状.结果表明,参试品种(系)在苗期对7个优势小种表现出48个不同的抗性反应谱,13个大麦品种(系)能抗所有参试的优势小种,22个大麦品种(系)能抗4～6个优势小种.25个大麦品种(系)具有成株期抗病性.大麦苗期抗性与成株期抗性并不完全一致,但苗期抗优势小种数较多的材料中,成株期表现抗性的也较多,5个苗期抗所有优势小种的大麦品种(系)均表现出成株期抗性.25个成株期抗病品种(系)中18个为二棱皮大麦,7个为多棱裸大麦,它们株高、穗长、穗粒数扣千粒重的变异系数较大,二棱皮大麦株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重的变异系数分别为10.3％、15.0％、12.0％和20.6％,多棱裸大麦分别为18.3％、26.4％、19.5％和22.8％. 相似文献
7.
以色列野生燕麦物候及农艺性状与起源生态地理因素的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨起源地生态地理因素对野生燕麦物候期和农艺性状的影响,对种植于成都金堂试验地的源自以色列不同地区7个野生燕麦群体70个基因型的19个物候和农艺性状进行了测定,并用单因素方差(One-Way ANOVA)、相关性网络(Correlation-based network analysis,CNA)、斯皮尔曼秩相关(Spearmanp’s Rho Correlation)等方法进行数据分析。结果表明,不同群体和基因型间的物候期和农艺性状差异明显。其中,全生育期最短的群体是Sede Boqer,来自该群体的SB14-07的生育期仅170.0d;最大单株生物产量出现在Caesarea群体中,达268.1g;而千粒重最大的是来自Tabigha群体的Tg-09,为28.8g。起源地水分、温度、地理等因素对野生燕麦的物候及农艺性状起不同程度的关键性影响。以上结果说明,野生燕麦物候及农艺性状差异的实质是其长期与环境相互作用,在自然选择压力下进化形成的遗传多样性。 相似文献
8.
为了解江苏二棱大麦表型性状特征及其相关性,以1989年以来江苏省审定/认定的32份二棱大麦品种(系)为材料,在江苏沿海地区对其3个农艺性状(株高、穗长、穗粒数)、7个籽粒性状(粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、长厚比、宽厚比、千粒重)和6个品质性状(直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和β-葡聚糖含量)进行分析.结果表明,在农艺、籽粒和品质性状中,籽粒性状的变异系数最小,变化范围为3.91％～9.13％;品质性状的变异系数最高,变化范围为8.56％～36.21％.经相关性分析,同类性状间相关性达到显著水平的较多,而不同类别性状间较少;穗长、穗粒数和籽粒长宽比在不同育种阶段的大麦品种(系)间差异显著.通过综合聚类分析,32份大麦品种(系)被分成三类,三类品种(系)间株高、支链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量/直链淀粉含量、淀粉含量差异显著. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对大麦农艺性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】研究干旱胁迫对大麦农艺性状的影响并筛选抗旱品种。【方法】选用24个抗旱性不同的大麦品种(系),在干旱胁迫和正常灌水两种水分处理下,进行裂区试验种植,成熟后考察株高、主穗长、主穗粒数、主穗粒重、千粒重及产量等主要农艺性状的情况。用方差分析、多重比较等方法对试验结果进行分析。【结果】干旱处理条件下不同品种(系)的株高、千粒重、主穗长、主穗粒数、主穗粒重及产量的差异可达显著或极显著水平;除主穗长及主穗粒重外,千粒重、产量、株高和主穗粒数的水分处理均达显著或极显著差异水平;品种与处理互作下株高、主穗长、千粒重及产量差异显著。干旱胁迫导致大麦主穗千粒重降低,株高、千粒重及产量均明显下降。【结论】SD96-7、Z029P020P和Z160U020V对干旱胁迫抗性最强,Z198U004V、Harrington、Z132O003O及94啤单131的抗干旱性中等,新引D5属于极弱抗性的品种。 相似文献
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The aim of this paper was to compare different field, laboratory and physiological methods for the evaluation of frost tolerance in barley; as well as to show both the possibilities and limitations of these individual methods and approaches. The tolerances of 39 barley cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated by four direct methods (based on the exposure of plants to frost) and three indirect (based on diagnostic traits and markers). The direct methods included the evaluation of: (1) field survival after five winters 1999–2004; (2) winter survival in a provocation pot test under natural conditions; (3) lethal temperature (LT50) of plants taken from a field in winter; and (4) LT50 of plants grown and hardened in a growth chamber. The indirect methods were based upon: (1) endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA); (2) water content (WC); (3) osmotic potential (OP) of the plants cultivated and hardened in growth chambers. All four direct methods correlated well with one another, and resulted in similar sequences of frost tolerance of the tested barley cultivars and lines. While it was only possible to distinguish individual barley cultivars based on field survival after the 2002/2003 winter, by using the provocation method it was possible to distinguish between barley cultivars after all of the winters. Moreover, the average winter survival of barley from multi-year pot tests was in correlation with the minimal LT50, evaluated in plants hardened in both the field or in growth chambers. From indirect indicators, the levels of ABA increased slightly, while WC and OP clearly decreased in all cultivars during cold hardening. No correlation was observed between LT50 and the ABA content. A significant correlation between LT50 and WC, and between LT50 and OP was found, but only after 1 or more weeks of cold acclimation of the plants had been completed, since both the duration and the rate of decline of these parameters differed in individual cultivars during the cold hardening. The LT50-values of barley cultivars not only accurately characterized their field tolerance to frost, but also were indicative of changes associated with the induction of frost tolerance in plants under the given conditions, when comparing the direct and indirect methods. 相似文献
12.
Limited information is available on control of broadleaf weeds in barley and response of barley cultivars to herbicides. Field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2009 to evaluate post-emergence herbicides for control of broadleaf weeds in four barley cultivars. Herbicide treatments included 2,4-D sodium salt at 500 g ai ha−1, carfentrazone-ethyl at three rates (15, 20 and 25 g ai ha−1), and metsulfuron-methyl at 4 and 5 g ai ha−1. The results suggested that density of broadleaf weeds was not affected by barley cultivars in 2007 and 2008, but it was influenced in 2009. Application of carfentrazone-ethyl or metsulfuron-methyl at all the rates was effective to reduce density and biomass of broadleaf weeds in all the years. A variable response was observed for yield attributes among barley cultivars. Barley grain yield was similar in all barley cultivars in 2007; however, higher yield was recorded in ‘DWRUB 52’ in 2008 and 2009 compared to other cultivars. All herbicide treatments were usually effective to secure higher barley yields in all the years and there was a significant interaction between barley cultivars and weed management treatments. Hand hoeing was not as effective as herbicide treatments to reduce density and biomass of broadleaf weeds; however, barley yield was usually comparable with herbicide treatments. Results also revealed that there was no significant herbicide injury on any barley cultivar during three year experiments. It is concluded that carfentrazone-ethyl and metsulfuron-methyl are additional tools for broadleaf weed control in barley. However, more research is required to evaluate efficacy of these herbicides as a tank mix partner that may increase weed control spectrum in barley. 相似文献
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中国大麦种质资源直链淀粉含量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了弄清中国大麦种质资源中直链淀粉含量的高低,为今后的糯大麦研究和育种提供参考,利用近红外反射光谱（NIRS）法对含糯性基因的167个中国代表性大麦品种的直链淀粉含量进行了测定。结果表明,在中国大麦中鉴定发现的糯大麦种质均属低直链淀粉糯大麦（以下简称低直糯大麦）,尚无一份是无直链淀粉糯大麦（以下简称无直糯大麦）材料。167份含糯性基因品种的直链淀粉含量变异范围为13.34%～38.23%,平均值为25.23%,标准差为4.18,变异系数为16.56%。品种内不同单株间直链淀粉含量不同,有的品种单株变异系数大,有的变异系数小。在28个品种中检测到直链淀粉含量小于15%的单株,其中在6个品种中共鉴定出7份材料,直链淀粉含量低于10%,可以在我国糯大麦育种和遗传等基础理论研究中优先利用。由于大麦品种间和品种内单株之间的直链淀粉含量存在很大差异,因此进行糯大麦种质资源鉴定筛选时,应在品种群体测定的基础上,进一步开展单株纯系繁殖鉴定;在杂交育种中选择糯大麦亲本时,不但要考虑备选品种的直链淀粉含量,还要考虑其个体基因型的遗传一致性。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对大麦幼苗根系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解干旱胁迫对大麦幼苗根系生长的影响,采用盆栽称重控制土壤含水量的方法,测定了土壤含水量为田间持水量的85%、55%、45%和35%等4个处理下, 4个抗旱性不同的大麦品种的幼苗根系形态和根系吸收能力等相关指标。结果表明,随着土壤含水量的减少,大麦幼苗的最长种子根、根尖数、根组织含水量均呈下降趋势;根分支数和根冠比总体呈上升趋势;根鞘大小和根毛密度整体上呈先上升后下降的趋势;根系活力与根总吸收面积和根活性吸收面积之间存在一定的互补效应。抗旱性较强的大麦品种较抗旱性较弱的品种,在干旱胁迫下能够保持更庞大的根系、更大的根-土交互面和更高的根系吸收能力。幼苗根系形态可以作为大麦耐旱性的筛选指标。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对大麦叶片表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究大麦对干旱胁迫的反应机制,采用裂区设计研究了干旱胁迫对不同大麦品种灌浆期旗叶和旗叶鞘表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响。结果表明,与正常水分处理相比,干旱胁迫可促进大麦表皮蜡质的合成;大麦不同品种间蜡质含量差异显著,抗旱品种的蜡质含量显著高于干旱敏感品种。在干旱胁迫下,大麦叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量及气孔导度显著降低,且抗旱品种降低幅度较干旱敏感品种缓慢;蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度显著增加,且抗旱品种的增加幅度低于干旱敏感品种。品种因素对大麦叶片蜡质含量、净光合速率、气孔导度的影响较水分处理的影响大。大麦表皮蜡质含量与水分利用效率呈显著正相关,表明表皮蜡质对提高大麦抗旱性有一定积极意义。 相似文献
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Al-Zyoud FA 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2012,15(4):177-185
Due to the importance of wheat and barley production in Jordan, prevention of the cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) is of vital importance. The insect is a severe pest and plays an important role in limiting the production of these crops. The use of insecticides is neither economic nor sustainable, so that there is an urgent need to initiate a viable alternative to chemical control. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effect of crop rotation on S. temperatella and its preference to different wheat and barley cultivars. The field history experiment was conducted using five different crop rotations. For the preference experiments in the laboratory, two major experimental groups were conducted. The first was set up to measure the consumed leaf area and the second one to record the number of larval attaches. Each group consisted of four different subgroups; 6 wheat cultivars, 6 barley cultivars, two and one cultivar of each crop. The results indicated that the infestation percentage and number of larvae were significantly the lowest in the crop rotation, wheat/chickpea/wheat while the highest were recorded for barley/barley/barley. The preference results showed that wheat cultivar, Horani Nawawi is significantly the most preferred while Horani 27 is the least cultivar. In case of barley, Mutah was the most preferred cultivar and the least preference was recorded for Athroh. Also, wheat was significantly less preferred than barley. The wheat cultivars, Sham, Em-Qees and Acsad 65 had the highest number of attaches and Deer Alla the least. In contrast, the barley cultivar, Acsad 176 had the highest and Athroh and Rum 1 had the least attaches. Barley cultivars had higher attaches than wheat ones. There was a positive relation between the infestation percent and number of larvae, as well as the consumed area and number of attaches in all of the four subgroups. In conclusion, the crop rotation, wheat/chickpea/wheat should be followed and there is a preference variation among the tested wheat and barley cultivars. 相似文献
18.
为筛选氮、磷节约高产型水稻品种,以正常施肥条件下的F优498和宜香2115作为对照,选取贵州省水稻研究所近年来选育的12个杂交籼稻新品种(组合)为材料,设置不同减氮处理和减磷处理,比较这些新品种(组合)在减肥条件下的产量和肥料利用率。结果表明,成优981、成优33、汕优108、D44/QR35、成优489等5个品种(组合)在减氮45 kg/hm^2的条件下较正常施氮的对照品种平均增产3.97%,属节氮高产型品种;汕优108和D44/QR35在减磷37.5 kg/hm^2的条件下较正常施磷的对照品种平均增产3.20%,属节磷高产型品种。节肥高产型水稻品种具有较多的每穗粒数和更大的群体颖花量。 相似文献
19.
《Field Crops Research》2001,72(3):185-196
Two field experiments were carried out on a temperate sandy loam using six pea (Pisum sativum L.) and five spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to determine cultivar complementarity in the intercrop for grain yield, dry matter production and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Crops were grown with or without the supply of 40 or 50 kg N ha−1 in the two experiments. Cultivars were grown as sole crops (SC) and as mixed intercrops (IC) using a replacement design (50:50). The land equivalent ratio (LER), which is defined as the relative land area under SC that is required to produce the yields achieved in intercropping, were used to compare cultivar performance in intercropping relative to sole cropping.Barley was the stronger competitor in the intercrops and as a result barley grain yield and nitrogen uptake in IC were similar to SC. The per plant pea grain production and aboveground N accumulation in IC were reduced to less than half compared to SC pea plants due to competitive interactions.Application of N caused a dynamic change in the intercrop composition. Competition from barley increased with N application and the pea contribution to the combined intercrop grain yield decreased. The LER values showed that in the intercrop plant growth resources were used on average 20% more efficient without N application and 5–10% more efficient with N application.The choice of pea cultivar in the intercrop influenced the intercrop performance to a larger degree than the choice of barley cultivar. Furthermore, pea cultivar×cropping systems interactions was observed, indicating that cultivars performed differently in sole and intercrops. An indeterminate pea cultivar competed strongly with barley causing a greater proportion of peas in the intercrop yield, but caused a reduced N uptake and yield of barley. Determinate peas with normal leaves caused the highest degree of complementary use of N sources by allowing barley to exploit the soil N sources efficiently, while they contribute with fixed N2. However, difference in performance among cultivars was observed. Using the indeterminate pea cultivar combined IC grain yield was in general lower than the greatest sole crop yield and vice versa for the determinate pea cultivars. Up to 22% (LER=1.22) greater combined IC grain yield was observed in several mixtures using determinate pea cultivars.From the present study, it is was concluded that there is a need for breeding suitable pea cultivars for intercropping purposes, since cultivars bred for sole cropping may not be the types, which are the most suitable for intercropping. For optimized N-use in pea–barley intercrops it is concluded that important traits for the intercropped pea are: (1) determinate growth, (2) a medium competitive root system for soil inorganic N and other nutrients during early growth, (3) high light absorption capacity by peas growing underneath the canopy of the higher barley component and (4) early establishment of symbiotic N2 fixation to support a high growth rate during early growth stages.Fertilized pea–barley intercrops gave a 15% higher net income than fertilized barley sole cropping and is regarded as a better safeguard for the farmer’s earnings compared to pea sole cropping known for variable yields and poor competitive ability towards weeds. 相似文献
20.
十个外引啤酒大麦品种产量及品质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选适合甘肃河西地区种植的优质啤酒大麦品种,在甘肃民乐、张掖、山丹、黄羊镇、永昌5个试验点进行两个生长季的品比试验,对10个外引啤酒大麦品种和当地主栽品种的生育期、产量及主要品质性状进行了比较。结果表明,与当地主栽品种甘啤4号相比,10个引进品种生育期相对偏长,有8个品种比对照晚熟;品种Beatrix和Belana表现增产,两年多点试验平均产量分别较对照甘啤4号增产13.31%和8.45%。10个外引啤酒大麦品种的千粒重、发芽势、发芽率达国标一级标准;麦芽品质指标α-氨基氮和糖化力达国标优级标准,浸出物除品种Marnie外均达国标一级标准,库尔巴哈值除品种Xanadu外均达国标一级标准。经产量与品质综合分析,外引啤酒大麦品种Beatrix和Belana在甘肃河西走廊及沿黄灌区气候及土壤条件下表现优良,适宜推广种植。 相似文献