共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 165 毫秒
1.
山东省小麦田看麦娘对甲基二磺隆的抗性及其基因突变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确山东省麦田看麦娘种群对甲基二磺隆的抗性情况及可能存在的抗性机理,本研究在临沂、日照等山东省看麦娘发生严重地区的小麦田共采集10个看麦娘种群,在温室条件下测定了其对甲基二磺隆的抗性以及对其他4种除草剂的敏感性,扩增和比对了靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)基因部分片段的差异。结果表明,SDTC-4种群对甲基二磺隆具有高抗性,抗性倍数达30.1,其他种群对甲基二磺隆敏感,抗性倍数在1.0~1.8之间。对ALS基因片段测序发现,SDTC-4种群看麦娘ALS基因197位氨基酸由脯氨酸(CCC)突变为丝氨酸(TCC)(P197S),其他种群均未发现有突变产生。SDTC-4种群对啶磺草胺和氟唑磺隆产生了一定的交互抗性,在推荐剂量下死亡率分别为10.0%和13.3%。所有的看麦娘种群对精噁唑禾草灵和异丙隆敏感,推荐剂量下死亡率达100%。本研究是看麦娘对甲基二磺隆抗性在山东省的第一例报道,ALS基因P197S突变是第一次在看麦娘中被发现,该突变很可能是导致SDTC-4种群对甲基二磺隆产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
江淮地区是我国重要的小麦产区之一。为明确该地区麦田日本看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性情况,采用整株水平生物测定法检测了该地区的10个种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平;扩增和比对了高抗种群（AH-40、JS-19）、中抗种群（AH-41、JS-20）与敏感种群（AH-7）的ACCase CT区域基因片段差异,并测定了GSTs、P450s酶抑制剂对精噁唑禾草灵的增效作用及4个抗性种群对8种除草剂的抗性。结果表明,高水平抗性种群数量占供试种群总数的50%,抗性指数为13.14~18.54;测序结果表明,高抗和中抗种群中均未发现已报道可引起靶标抗性的位点突变。AH-40种群在施用GSTs代谢酶抑制剂（灭草环、三聚氯氰、NBD-Cl）和P450s酶抑制剂（PBO、马拉硫磷）后均可显著提高其对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感性,增效倍数分别为1.68、1.68、2.45、1.64、2.03;JS-19种群在施用GSTs酶抑制剂（灭草环、三聚氯氰、NBD-Cl）后GR50有所下降,增效倍数为1.71、1.94、1.71;供试酶抑制剂未对其他抗性种群产生明显增效作用。抗性检测结果显示,4个抗性种群均对炔草酯和甲基二磺隆高抗,AH-41、JS-19高抗高效氟吡甲禾灵,JS-20高抗烯禾啶,但均对唑啉草酯、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆和异丙隆敏感。 相似文献
3.
为明确河南省部分地区麦田猪殃殃对苯磺隆的抗性水平及抗性靶标分子机制,对18个猪殃殃种群进行了乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)离体活性测定和ALS基因突变分析。结果表明,种群PDS-1、ZK-1、LH-1对苯磺隆产生了较高的抗性,ALS离体活性测定所得I_(50)分别为11.27、10.26、8.19μmol·L~(-1),抗性指数分别为93.92、85.50、68.25。种群ZK-1的6个检测株中,ALS基因第590位的C突变为T,ALS酶第197位脯氨酸(CCC)突变为亮氨酸(CTC);种群PDS-1的6个检测株中,ALS基因第1 128位的T突变为A,ALS酶第376位天冬氨酸(GAT)全部突变为谷氨酸(GAA);种群LH-1的6个检测株中,3株未检测到突变,另外3株的ALS基因第1 128位的T突变为G,ALS酶第376位天冬氨酸(GAT)突变为谷氨酸(GAG)。靶标ALS基因突变可能是猪殃殃对苯磺隆产生高抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
4.
抗精噁唑禾草灵耿氏硬草乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确耿氏硬草抗性种群SD-23对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平及靶标抗性分子机理,采用整株水平测定法测定了SD-23种群对6种ACCase抑制剂类除草剂的抗性,扩增和比对了抗性和敏感种群间的ACCase基因序列,并测定了耿氏硬草种群SD-23对其他4种除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,SD-23种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.7,对炔草酯和精吡氟禾草灵产生了低水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为5.2和4.5,对烯禾啶、烯草酮和唑啉草酯较敏感。与敏感种群SD-1相比,SD-23种群ACCase的CT区域第2096位甘氨酸突变为丙氨酸(Gly-2096-Ala);甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺和异丙隆对抗性和敏感种群均有较好防效,其防效达86.7%以上,干重防效达77.4%以上。ACCase的Gly-2096-Ala突变第一次在耿氏硬草中被报道,该突变可能是导致SD-23种群对精噁唑禾草灵产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
5.
6.
为明确氟氯吡啶酯与啶磺草胺复配对小麦田杂草的毒力及其对小麦的安全性,采用温室盆栽生物测定法对二者的毒性进行了测定,用Gowing法对其联合作用进行了评价;采用剂量-曲线法,评价了200g·L-1啶磺草胺·氟氯吡啶酯WG的除草活性、对小麦的安全性、对小麦和杂草的选择性。结果表明,氟氯吡啶酯与啶磺草胺对供试的雀麦、大穗看麦娘、播娘蒿、猪殃殃等4种杂草均为加成作用,综合二者的防效结果,建议以啶磺草胺6~24g·hm-2与氟氯吡啶酯4~8g·hm-2(0.75∶1~6∶1)复配为宜。二者3∶1的复配制剂200g·L-1啶磺草胺·氟氯吡啶酯WG对雀麦、大穗看麦娘、播娘蒿、猪殃殃的GR90分别为3.02、1.39、1.24、1.94g·hm-2。对3个小麦品种济麦22、中育6号、科农199鲜重抑制的GR10分别为6.25、11.64、3.96g·hm-2。在小麦和大穗看麦娘、猪殃殃、播娘蒿之间的选择性指数均较好,选择性指数在2.04~9.39之间;该药在小麦和雀麦之间的选择性指数略低,在1.31~3.85之间。 相似文献
7.
三氯吡氧乙酸属人工合成激素类除草剂,具有用量少、活性高、选择性强等优势。为明确其在小麦田的应用技术,采用整株水平生物法测定了其对10个安徽主栽小麦品种的安全性及对阔叶杂草的生物活性。结果显示,三氯吡氧乙酸对多种阔叶杂草具有较好的活性,在供试剂量288 g(a.i.)·hm-2时,对荠菜、球序卷耳、大巢菜、宝盖草、葎草、猪殃殃、鳢肠、鬼针草、野老鹳、播娘蒿、牛繁缕、小飞蓬、羊蹄、车前草、青葙活性较好,鲜重抑制率达90.39%~100%;在用量72 g(a.i.)·hm-2时,对葎草鲜重抑制率达100%,对播娘蒿、荠菜、牛繁缕、球序卷耳、大巢菜、小飞蓬、羊蹄、猪殃殃的活性次之,鲜重抑制率在60.44%~84.30%之间;其对阿拉伯婆婆纳、荠菜、播娘蒿、野老鹳的GR50值分别为97.13、43.03、48.58、54.37 g(a.i.)·hm-2。安全性结果表明,在用量576 g(a.i.)·hm-2时,对10个供试小麦品种均较安全,株高抑制率和鲜重抑制率分别在2.98%~13.34%和3.29%~17.47%之间。三氯吡氧乙酸在4种供试小麦烟农999、荃麦725、安农0711、淮麦44和杂草阿拉伯婆婆纳、荠菜、播娘蒿、野老鹳草之间的选择性指数在2.39~12.70之间,表明该药剂在供试小麦与杂草间具有良好的选择性。 相似文献
8.
鉴定抗除草剂油菜种质对不同种类除草剂的交互抗性，获得可安全交替使用的其他类型除草剂，可延长抗性品种使用时间。本研究以油菜抗SU类除草剂新种质PN19及转抗性基因的拟南芥和烟草为材料，在3-5叶期喷施不同浓度梯度的五大类ALS抑制类除草剂（SU、IMI、TP、PB和SCT类），通过抗性鉴定以确定PN19对各类除草剂的交互抗性。结果表明：SU和SCT类交互抗性最强，IMI和TP类其次，PB类最低。转基因植株除草剂抗性评价及烟草ALS酶体外活性分析表明，五类除草剂交互抗性功能源于靶标ALS酶对各除草剂敏感性下降。且五类除草剂处理后PN19抗性基因较野生型表达上调。本研究为田间ALS类除草剂混合使用进行杂草防控提供了可能性。 相似文献
9.
灰飞虱对几类杀虫剂的抗性和敏感性 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
采用点滴法和稻茎浸渍法分别测定了2006年4月采自江苏省无锡市和浙江省湖州市灰飞虱种群对9种杀虫剂的抗性及17种杀虫剂的敏感性。点滴法测定结果表明,无锡种群和湖州种群对吡虫啉均产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为79.6倍和44.6倍;对残杀威的抗性倍数分别为76.6倍和40.1倍,属高水平抗性;对甲萘威的抗性倍数分别为29.8倍和45.3倍,属中等-高水平抗性;对二嗪磷、杀螟硫磷、仲丁威、丁硫克百威、醚菊酯、氰戊菊酯的抗性倍数为1.4~8.1倍,属敏感-低水平抗性。毒力测定结果表明氟虫腈、丁烯氟虫腈对无锡和湖州灰飞虱3龄若虫的毒力最高,LC50值为0.21~041 mg/L;噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、异丙威、敌敌畏为田间药效试验的推荐用药。还讨论了灰飞虱抗药性的治理。 相似文献
10.
12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。 相似文献
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):364-368
AbstractAcclimation to light condition is associated with change in water transport system in napiergrass. In this study, the effects of shading on shoot hydraulic resistance and morphology of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) were investigated. In the plants under shading (to 30% of full sunlight) for 30 days (S plants), total hydraulic resistance of a shoot (Rshoot) increased from that of full sunlight (control). In the plants grown under shade condition for 24 d followed by full sunlight conditions for 6 d (SF), the Rshoot value was intermediate between that of control and S plants. A similar response to shading was found in total hydraulic resistance of a stem (Rstem), which accounted for more than 60% of Rshoot, but the total hydraulic resistance of the leaves was not significantly affected by shading. Leaf length, leaf area and stem length were larger, but the stem cross-sectional area (SA) was smaller in S and SF plants than in the control plants. SF plants showed similar leaf length, leaf area and stem length to those in S plants, but the SA in SF plants was slightly larger. Normalization of Rstem by SA and stem length decreased the difference among the treatments, indicating the increase of Rshoot and Rstem under shading resulted from the decrease of SA and the increase of stem length. 相似文献
12.
Echinochloa crus-galli is a major weed in rice fields in China, and quinclorac has been long used for its control. Over-reliance of quinclorac has resulted in quinclorac resistance in E. crus-galli. Two resistant(R) E. crus-galli populations from Hunan, China were confirmed to be at least 78-fold more resistant to quinclorac than the susceptible(S) population. No difference in foliar uptake of 14 C-labelled quinclorac was detected between the R and S plants. However, a higher level of 14 C translocation and a lower level of quinclorac metabolism were found in the R plants. Basal and induced expression levels of β-cyanoalanine synthase(β-CAS) gene and β-CAS activity were not significantly different between the R and S plants. However, the induction expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO1) gene by quinclorac treatment was evident in the S plants but not in the R plants. Quinclorac resistance in the two resistant E. crus-galli populations was not likely to be related to foliar uptake, translocation or metabolism of quinclorac, nor to cyanide detoxification via β-CAS. Thus, target-site based quinclorac signal reception and transduction and regulation of the ethylene synthesis pathway should be the focus for further research. 相似文献
13.
M. Schneider E. Droz Pia Malnoë Catherine Chatot E. Bonnel J. -P. Métraux 《Potato Research》2002,45(2-4):177-185
Summary Potato (cv. Bintje) was transformed with a gene encoding an oxalate oxidase from wheat under the control of the CaMV35S promoter.
Transgenic potato plants produced high constitutive levels of H2O2 as visualized by 4-chloro-l-naphtol staining. The resistance of these plants was tested againstPhytophthora infestans. An increased level of resistance to the disease was marked by a reduced number of lesions as well as by a decreased number
of sporangia formed per lesion. In addition, oxalate oxidase overexpressing plants also exhibited improved resistance toStreptomyces reticuliscabiei, the causal agent of netted scab. Increased expression of oxalate oxidase had no effect on the interaction withErwinia carotovora. These experiments show that overexpression of oxalate oxidase represents a potentially interesting approach for protection
of potato to pathogens. 相似文献
14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):578-585
AbstractWheat cultivar Jing 411 which is susceptible to powdery mildew, and wheat cultivar Brock and NILs of Jing 411, which are resistant to powdery mildew were analysized for polymophisms using 213 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. Only one primer (S2092) stably produced a polymorphic band between the resistant and susceptible plants. Linkage analysis of this marker (S2092972) revealed that the polymorphism existed in a 131 F2 segregating population. S2092972 was closely linked to a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat cultivar Brock, at a linkage distance was 4.9 cM. S2092972 was converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers SCAR860 and SCAR200. The two SCAR markers were used for detecting F2 segregating population. SCAR860 and SCAR200 existed in resistant plants but were absent in the susceptible plants. We concluded that S2092972 was located on the chromosome 3BL. These markers will be useful for marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding in wheat resistance breeding. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):101-116
Abstract In pathogen population analysis of 208 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo) strains that were assembled from different parts of India, 21 pathotypes were identified on the basis of disease reactions on near-isogenic lines (NILs) and 13 pathotypes, on rice differentials. Rice cultivars, Jyothi and IR50, which are high yielding but highly prone to bacterial blight (BB) caused by pathogen populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in India, were chosen. To improve the BB resistance of these two varieties, a pyramid line, NH56, containing four R-genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, was selected as the R-donor based on resistance to existing pathogen population. The four R-genes were successfully transferred to cultivars through a traditional backcross method and their presence was documented with marker-aided selection (MAS). Thirty BC4F2 plants derived from JxNH56 (cv. Jyothi) and 45 BC4F2 plants derived from IR50xNH56 (cv. IR50) had all four resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21), which should be useful resistance donors for breeding other BB-resistant elite indica varieties. 相似文献
16.
M. Guzmán-Barney A. K. Hernández L. Franco-Lara 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(3):284-293
Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) causes vein yellowing in leaves and reduces potato yield by 50 %. In Andigena potato varieties, PYVV infections result in both symptomatic (S) and symptomless (NS) plants. The present study tracked PYVD symptoms over two field generations (G1 and G2) derived from mother plants (G0) of the Solanum phureja cultivar “Criolla Colombia.” PYVV was detected in the leaves of G0 plants by RT-PCR. The experiment began with tubers of 39 S plants from a commercial crop and 94 certified NS plants (PLRV, PVY, PVX, PVS free), yielding a total of 3561 plants analyzed over the two generations. The greenhouse whitefly vector Trialeurodes vaporarioum was controlled chemically. S plants produced large proportions of NS plants, 62 % and 84 % in G1 and G2, respectively. NS plants, whether RT-PCR positive or negative, generated greater than 96 % NS plants, but in some cases, produced a proportion of S plants ranging between 0.2 % and 3.4 %. The presence of PYVV was evaluated by RT-PCR and qPCR with Taqman probes in sprouts of the tubers of S and NS plants. One to 6 sprouts were analyzed per tuber. In 113 sprouts of the tubers of S RT-PCR positive/ negative plants and 36 of NS RT-PCR positive/negative plants, the viral RNA copies ranged between 3.42?×?102 to 6.01?×?108 copies/mg of plant extract. These results show that PYVV is present not only in symptomatic plants but also in some symptomless plants. PYVV is passed from symptomless mother plants to some of its tubers along with unknown putative silencing or latency mechanisms that prevent the virus from expressing in most of the infected progeny. Late vector transmission, heterogeneous viral concentration in tubers and virus latency are also discussed. 相似文献
17.
U. Darsow 《Potato Research》1992,35(4):443-450
Zusammenfassung Im Gew?chshaus wurden 838 hoch krautf?uleanf?llige bis hoch resistente Kartoffelidiotypen als S?mling auf relative Krautf?uleresistenz
(KRG), als Einzelstaude und A-Klon im Scheibentest auf relative Braunf?uleresistenz (BS) und als A-Klon auf relative Krautf?uleresistenz im Feld (KRF) untersucht. Durch rechtzeitiges Abschneiden am Stengelgrund überlebten auch stark befallene S?mlinge.
Bei scharfer S?mlingsselektion (KRG≥8 behalten) blieben 24% der Ausgangszahl erhalten, aber nur 52% der vorhandenen resistenten Idiotypen mit KRF≥5 und BS≥6,4. Wurden nur S?mlinge mit KRG≥7 behalten, so gingen immer noch 8% der sp?ter erkennbaren Resistenztr?ger für Kraut- und Braunf?ule verloren, jedoch ergab
sich eine Einschr?nkung des Zuchtmaterials durch die Frühselektion auf 57% der Ausgangszahl.
Es kam starke ontogene Pr?disposition des Krautes sowohl in Richtung erh?hter Anf?lligkeit als auch erh?hter Resistenz vor.
Neunundrei?ig Braunf?uleresistenztr?ger waren als S?mling hoch krautf?uleanf?llig. Scharfe Selektion der S?mling ist unangemessen.
Für die Sortenauslese wird die Frühselektion auf Krautf?uleresistenz nicht empfohlen.
Summary The reliability of blight resistance assessments made at the seedling stage and subsequent loss of tuber blight resistance were studied in 838 seedlings with different relative resistance to foliage blight. The criteria were assessed after Darsow (1989) in a field experiment in which the effect of maturity class was largely eliminated. Seedlings with 4–6 developed leaves were inoculated in the glasshouse with 3–3.5×105 zoospores of a mixture of pathotypes. Multiple assessments (NB 9=high resistance, 1=greatest susceptibility) and immediate removal of shoots at the stem base allowed those forms most susceptible to foliage blight to be regenerated for testing in subsequent years (single plants, A-clone). Table 1 gives the crosses, scores for resistance of the parents and the numbers of seedlings tested per progeny. The percentage distribution of foliage blight resistance in the field (KRF) related to that of the seedlings (KRG) is given in Fig. 1. Potato plants which were very susceptible at the seedling stage could nevertheless grow in the field and exhibit good foliage blight resistance. The reverse was also observed. The distribution after weak selection for the development of blight on the seedling in the field is given in Table 2. There was an unavoidable loss of 10% and 14% in those rotted seedlings that possessed foliage and tuber blight resistance respectively (Table 3). High tuber blight resistance (BS) occurred in all classes of seedlings with foliage blight resistance; likewise susceptibility to tuber blight occurred in seedlings with foliage blight resistance. From seedlings with KRG≥7, 204 out of a total of 222 retained their genotypes with KRF≥5 and BS≥6.4. A reduction of 43% in the final number of seedlings was accompanied by a loss of 8% of those that possessed combined resistance. Of the seedlings which had been harvested and pre-tested, 277 out of 481 later had insufficient levels of resistance. Early selection will only be advantageous by careful selection of progenies with increased levels of resistance. The interaction of resistance with environment and developmental stage does not at present commend the application of this approach to varietal breeding.相似文献
18.
Spodoptera litura is one of the most destructive pests in Pakistan and in many other regions of the world. A field collected population of S. litura was selected with spinosad for eleven generations under controlled laboratory conditions to study the cross resistance, mechanism and stability of spinosad resistance in S. litura. The resistance to spinosad in S. litura increased 3921-fold (after eleven generations of selection with spinosad) as compared to a susceptible population of S. litura. No cross resistance between spinosad and emamectin benzoate, methoxyfenozide, fipronil, indoxacarb, profenofos, lufenuron or deltamethrin was found in the spinosad-selected population of S. litura. To find the possible mechanism of spinosad resistance in S. litura two synergists, Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) were tested on the susceptible and resistant strains and on the un-selected field population. The values of the synergism ratios of PBO and DEF were 2.33 and 1.06 for the spinosad-selected strain, 1.36 and 1.06 for the un-selected field population and 1.14 and 1.00 for the susceptible strain, respectively. As high PBO ratio indicates the role of microsomal O-demethylase in causing spinosad resistance in S. litura. The spinosad-resistant and field populations of S. litura were reared without any selection pressure from the 12th to the 16th generation (G12–G16). The spinosad resistance decreased from 3921 to 678-fold in the spinosad-resistant population and from 31.1 to 15.1-fold in the un-selected population of S. litura as compared to the susceptible strain. Spinosad resistance in S. litura has a high reversion rate (−0.15) which indicates that spinosad resistance in S. litura is unstable and can be easily managed by switching off the selection pressure for a few generations or alternating with insecticides having different modes of action. 相似文献
19.
普通小麦品种中育6号对两种禾谷孢囊线虫的抗性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解小麦品种中育6号对菲利普孢囊线虫(Heterodera ilipjevi)焦作博爱群体和燕麦孢囊线虫(H.avenae)郑州荥阳群体的抗性遗传特点,在前期对该品种对两种禾谷孢囊线虫群体抗性鉴定的基础上,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,分析了温麦19×中育6号杂交组合F2代群体抗性分离状况.结果表明,中育6号对两种禾谷孢囊线虫的抗性表现均为数量性状遗传,且由一对主基因控制.其对H.avenae郑州荥阳群体的抗性存在负向部分显性,是显性基因和加性基因共同作用的结果,且以加性效应为主,抗性主基因遗传率为59.35％;对H.filipjevi焦作博爱群体的抗性表现为负向完全显性效应,主基因遗传率为38.12％. 相似文献