共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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微生物及其天然产物防治杂草的发展及展望 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
概述了利用微生物及其天然产物防治杂草的潜在优势和研究进展，介绍已商品化和具有开发潜力的微生物除草剂及具有除草活性的微生物天然植物毒素。 相似文献
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天然除草活性化合物研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
综述了近年来国内外从天然产物中开发具有除草活性化合物的研究概况,着重介绍一些可能具有除草剂开发潜力的植物和微生物源化合物,并对生物除草剂的发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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微生物农药在俄罗斯的应用进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微生物农药因其副作用小、对环境兼容性好而日益成为全球农药发展的一种趋势和方向。本文以细菌杀虫剂、真菌杀虫剂、病毒杀虫剂、微生物除草剂、植物生长调节剂、农用抗生素作为微生物农药的代表,介绍了微生物农药的研究、应用现状及其在俄罗斯的研究进展,并对我国与俄罗斯在微生物农药领域的合作进行了展望。 相似文献
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Hugh M. Brown 《Pest management science》1990,29(3):263-281
The sulfonylurea herbicides are characterized by broad-spectrum weed control at very low use rates (c. 2–75 g ha?1), good crop selectivity, and very low acute and chronic animal toxicity. This class of herbicides acts through inhibition of acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18; also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase), thereby blocking the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine. This inhibition leads to the rapid cessation of plant cell division and growth. Crop-selective sulfonylurea herbicides have been commercialized for use in wheat, barley, rice, corn, soybeans and oilseed rape, with additional crop-selective compounds in cotton, potatoes, and sugarbeet having been noted. Crop selectivity results from rapid metabolic inactivation of the herbicide in the tolerant crop. Under growth-room conditions, metabolic half-lives in tolerant crop plants range from 1–5 h, while sensitive plant species metabolize these herbicides much more slowly, with half-lives > 20 h. Pathways by which sulfonylurea herbicides are inactivated among these plants include aryl and aliphatic hydroxylation followed by glucose conjugation, sulfonylurea bridge hydrolysis and sulfonamide bond cleavage, oxidative O-demethylation and direct conjugation with (homo)glutathione. Sulfonylurea herbicides degrade in soil through a combination of bridge hydrolysis and microbial degradation. Hydrolysis is significantly faster under acidic (pH 5) than alkaline (pH 8) conditions, allowing the use of soil pH as a predictor of soil residual activity. Chemical and microbial processes combine to give typical field dissipation half-lives of 1–6 weeks, depending on the soil type, location and compound. Very short residual sulfonylurea herbicides with enhanced susceptibility to hydrolysis (DPX-L5300) and microbial degradation (thifensulfuron-methyl) have been developed. 相似文献
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J B SANTOS A JAKELAITIS A A SILVA M D COSTA† A MANABE† & M C S SILVA† 《Weed Research》2006,46(4):284-289
The effects of application of the herbicides fluazifop‐p‐butyl and fomesafen and the commercial mixture of these herbicides on the microbial activity of a soil, cultivated with common bean under no‐till (NTS) and conventional‐till (CTS) systems, were evaluated. Microbial respiration was monitored for 63 days after application (DAA) of the herbicides, and the following evaluated at 12 and 51 DAA: microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient (qMIC), metabolic quotient (qCO2), percentage of bean root colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and grain yield at the end of the cycle. A greater microbial respiratory rate was observed under NTS, with fluazifop‐p‐butyl providing the lowest respiration. At 12 DAA, MBC and qMIC were most affected negatively by fomesafen and by the commercial mixture of the two herbicides. Mycorrhizal colonisation was affected by the herbicides only at 12 DAA under CTS; however, in both periods, the highest value was found under NTS. All the herbicides caused a decrease in the MBC and qMIC values at 51 DAA; the qCO2, which is related to the soil system stability, indicated a greater NTS balance over CTS. The herbicide fomesafen induced lower stability in the system. Lower grain yield was obtained without weed control (no herbicides) and with fomesafen‐only treatments, which may be attributed to the high weed infestation in the experimental area. 相似文献
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手性除草剂研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以几大类已经商品化或具有较好市场前景的手性除草剂为对象,综述了各除草剂的除草活性、对非靶标生物的毒性及其在环境迁移中的对映异构体选择性现象及机理的研究成果。由于对映异构体间的生物学性质迥异,因此,手性除草剂对映异构体的活性、作用机理、代谢转化及其在生物体内的转移等都具有手性选择性差异。同时,手性除草剂对植物的选择性作用还会因作用对象及环境因素的改变而改变,其在环境中的选择性降解情况也十分复杂,不仅与该除草剂自身的理化性质有关,还与其所处的环境因素有关,诸如土壤类型、植物种类、微生物群落结构、温度、pH值等均会改变手性除草剂对映异构体的环境归趋。 相似文献
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为了筛选出防效好、残留少且对环境影响较小的茅苍术苗前除草剂,选取常用的3种苗前除草剂乙草胺、乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵,研究其除草效果,对叶绿素荧光参数的影响,农药残留情况及其对土壤微生物真菌和细菌群落的影响。结果表明,乙草胺的除草效果较好,株防效和鲜重防效都达到了80%以上,对茅苍术叶绿素荧光参数影响较小,农残较少,对土壤细菌和真菌群落无显著性影响;乙氧氟草醚和二甲戊灵对叶绿素荧光参数有影响,短时间内有一定的土壤农残。综合防效和安全性,优选乙草胺作为茅苍术的苗前除草剂。 相似文献
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A herbicide with a new mode of action has not been commercialized for more than 30 years. A recent paper describes a novel genomic approach to herbicide and herbicide mode of action discovery. Analysis of a microbial gene cluster revealed that it encodes genes for both the biosynthetic pathway for production of the sesquiterpene aspterric acid and an aspterric acid‐resistant form of dihydroxy acid dehydratase (DHAD), its target enzyme. Aspterric acid is weak compared with commercial synthetic herbicides, and whether DHAD is a good herbicide target is unclear from this study. Nevertheless, this genomic approach provides a novel strategy for the discovery of herbicides with new modes action. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The effects of three protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicides, azafenidin, flumioxazin, and sulfentrazone, on Pythium root rot of sugarcane and the soil microbial community were evaluated in greenhouse experiments. Herbicides were applied as foliar and soil treatments. There were no consistent effects on plant growth or disease parameters. However, some herbicide treatments affected the relative frequency of isolation of Pythium spp. from roots and reduced colonization by the pathogenic species Pythium arrhenomanes. A comparison of sole carbon source utilization profiles indicated that soil-applied herbicides altered the functional diversity of the soil microbial community, with some variation depending on herbicide used. All three herbicides inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of P. arrhenomanes, P. aphanidermatum, and P. ultimum. Active ingredients were less inhibitory than formulated product for azafenidin and flumioxazin but not for sulfentrazone. 相似文献