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1.
随着麦茬免耕栽培技术的推广应用,黄淮海地区麦后夏播大豆生产中疫霉根腐病呈加重趋势。了解该地区大豆主栽品种对疫霉根腐病的抗性和筛选抗病亲本,对培育新的高产广适抗病品种具有重要意义。本研究利用8个具有不同毒力的大豆疫霉菌株,采用下胚轴创伤接种法,对20世纪50年代以来黄淮海地区审定、推广的140个大豆主栽品种进行接种鉴定。表明除6个品种对8个菌株均无抗性外,其余134个品种分别抗1~8个大豆疫霉菌株,占鉴定品种总数的95.7%,其中抗6~8个以上菌株的品种有83个,占鉴定品种总数的59.3%。以14个鉴别寄主的抗病反应型为参照,发现134个品种对8个大豆疫霉菌株共产生65种反应型,其中19个品种产生的5种反应型与已知单基因或2个单基因组合反应型相同;115个品种产生的60种反应型与含有已知单基因或2个单基因组合的反应型不同,推测可能含有新的抗病基因或基因组合。根据研究结果合理选择亲本,可培育出聚合多个抗性基因且综合性状优良的大豆新品种。 相似文献
2.
大豆疫霉根腐病作为影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一,对大豆生产威胁很大。种植抗疫霉根腐病的大豆品种是控制该病害最有效的途径。河南省位于我国黄淮夏大豆产区的腹地,具有大豆疫霉根腐病发生的潜在威胁。本研究的目的是对河南省新育成的大豆品系进行抗性鉴定和抗病基因分子标记检测,以明确大豆新品系对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性水平和抗病基因。采用下胚轴创伤接种法对64个河南省培育的大豆新品系进行接种,鉴定其对2个具有不同毒力的大豆疫霉分离物PsJS2和Ps41-1的抗性。结果显示,对分离物Ps41-1和PsJS2抗病的分别有35个和16个品系,对Ps41-1和PsJS2为中间反应型的分别有16个和10个品系,其中对2个分离物均抗病的有16个品系,占鉴定品系的25%。使用抗疫霉病基因RpsZheng共分离标记WZInDel11进行新品系的基因型鉴定发现,对2个大豆疫霉分离物均抗病的16个品系中有13个含有标记WZInDel11,对1个或2个大豆疫霉分离物表现为中间反应型的5个大豆品系,分子检测结果表明,其为杂合基因型,这些品系中的纯合抗病单株可直接选育成纯合抗病品系用于抗病育种。综合系谱分析结果推测,有2个品系可能含抗疫霉根腐病基因RpsZheng,2个品系可能含RpsYD29,14个品系可能含有RpsZheng或其等位基因。表明河南省培育的大豆新品系中含有优异的大豆疫霉根腐病抗源,该研究结果将为病害防控和抗病品种的选育提供参考。 相似文献
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为掌握广东不同时期水稻主栽品种抗病基因同源序列(RGA)多态性变化,利用3对RGA标记分析了广东20世纪50年代初地方品种及1972、1980、1994和2008年主栽品种。按供试品种RGA-PCR指纹聚类,以相似系数0.81为标准将171份品种分为20个类群。这五类品种分别分布于11、7、4、8、11个类群中,它们的Nei遗传多样性指数分别是0.801、0.682、0.493、0.603和0.527。相对于地方品种,1972、1980和1994年品种RGA多态性低是由于品种类群少及品种在各类群中分布均衡性差,2008年品种RGA多态性低是由于该年大多数品种属于同一类群,品种在各类群中分布均衡性差。因此保持品种抗性多样性,既要保证丰富类群,又要确保品种在各类群中分布均衡。近年来品种抗性背景趋同化是广东抗性多样性降低的主要原因,今后在新品种的选育上应均衡利用不同抗源。 相似文献
4.
大豆疫霉根腐病是影响中国大豆生产的主要病害之一, 利用抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效的方法。本研究通过下胚轴创伤接种鉴定了13个大豆疫霉菌株在从美国引进的85个大豆品种(系)上的反应,结果表明, 72个品种(系)抗1个到12个大豆疫霉菌株。通过与14个含有单个已知抗疫霉根腐病基因的大豆品种(系)的反应型比较并结合系谱分析,明确35个品种(系)分别含有Rps1a、Rps1c、Rps1k、Rps2、Rps3c、Rps4、Rps5、Rps6和Rps7抗病基因或基因组合,其中有14个品种(系)含有Rps1a,1个含有Rps1c和2个含有Rps1k,这3个基因能够有效抵御我国大豆疫霉种群,可以直接用于抗病育种。 相似文献
5.
大豆品种豫豆25抗疫霉根腐病基因的鉴定 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
大豆疫霉根腐病是大豆破坏性病害之一。防治该病的最有效方法是利用抗病品种。迄今,已在大豆基因组的9个座位鉴定了15个抗大豆疫霉根腐病基因,但是只有少数基因如Rps1c、Rps1k抗性在我国是有效的。因此,必需发掘新的抗疫霉根腐病基因,以满足抗病育种的需求。豫豆25具有对大豆疫霉菌的广谱抗性,是目前筛选出的最优异的抗源。以豫豆25为抗病亲本分别与豫豆21和早熟18杂交构建F2:3家系群体。两个群体的抗性遗传分析表明,豫豆25对疫霉根腐病的抗性由一个显性单基因控制,暂定名为RpsYD25。用SSR标记分析两个群体,RpsYD25均被定位于大豆分子遗传图谱N连锁群上。由于Rps1座位已作图在N连锁群,选择Rps1k基因中的一些SSR设计引物,检测RpsYD25与Rps1座位的遗传关系。结果表明,一个SSR标记Rps1k6与RpsYD25连锁,二者之间的遗传距离为19.4 cM。因此,推测RpsYD25可能是Rps1座位的一个新等位基因,也可能是一个新的抗病基因。 相似文献
6.
黑龙江大豆栽培品种和新品系对疫霉病抗性评价及抗病基因分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由Phytophthora sojae引致的大豆疫霉病是黑龙江大豆产区的重要病害之一。该病已在我国大豆一些主要栽培区发生,并引起较大危害。培育和种植抗疫霉病品种是控制该病最有效的方法。本研究旨在筛选黑龙江地区的大豆疫霉病抗病品种和品系,为病害的防治和抗病品种的合理布局提供参考。在大豆苗期用下胚轴伤口接种方法对126个栽培大豆品种和135份大豆品系进行接种,鉴定其对黑龙江大豆主要疫霉病菌株（8个）的抗性。鉴定结果表明：有72个品种抗4个以上菌株,占鉴定品种的57.1%;84份品系抗4个以上菌株,占鉴定品系的62.2%。对品种的基因分析表明,有30个大豆品种含有抗病基因,其中有10个品种分别含有Rps1k、 Rps3a、Rps1c三个主要基因。 相似文献
7.
水稻抗病基因同源序列多态性与品种鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用已知植物抗病基因不同保守序列设计的S1/AS3和XLRR for/XLRR rev两对引物对22个水稻品种DNA进行PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳.分析结果表明水稻抗病基因同源序列类型丰富,2对引物共扩增出143条带,品种间有差异的谱带92条,根据谱带差异可将供试品种完全鉴别出来.证明抗病基因同源序列分析可以用于水稻品种鉴定. 相似文献
8.
大豆疫霉的土壤诱集检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用大豆叶碟诱集的方法研究了影响大豆疫霉土壤检测的因素。结果表明，自然感病的风干土壤加蒸馏水湿润至饱和或接的饱和状态，光照条件下预培养４－６ｄ，加５－１０ｍｍ的蒸馏水浸泡，中感病大豆品种的叶碟诱集６－２４ｈ，可以较稳定地检测到大豆疫霉。叶碟诱集后用蒸馏水培养或用选择性培养的检测效果相似但用蒸馏水培养便于检查检测结果，当诱集用的离体叶碟采自含抗病基因的大豆品种的植株时，只有能克服该基因的大豆疫霉能被 相似文献
9.
利用已知植物抗病基因不同保守序列设计的S1／AS3和XLRRfor/XLRR rev两对引物对22个水稻品种DNA进行PCR扩增和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。分析结果表明：水稻抗病基因同源序列类型丰富，2对引物共扩增出143条带，品种间有差异的谱带92条，根据谱带差异可将供试品种完全鉴别出来，证明抗病基因同源序列分析可以用于水稻品种鉴定。 相似文献
10.
植物抗病基因同源序列(RGA)研究进展 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
目前已克隆了48个植物抗病（R)基因,其表达产物在不同的物种具有典型的保守结构区域,按其序列的同源性可以将其归为NBS-LRR、eLRR、LRR-STK等几个超家族。根据这些保守序列设计合适的引物进行PCR扩增,即得到抗病基因同源序列(RGA)。对RGA与R基因关系的分析表明,RGA不仅在抗病基因定位和抗病基因系统进化研究中有重要作用,而且有可能为克隆尺基因提供一条崭新而又便捷的途径。 相似文献
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Phytophthora sojae, an important yield limiting pathogen of soybean, causes seed, seedling, root, and stem rots. Losses caused by P. sojae can be controlled by both major gene and partial resistance. Early maturity group (MG) soybeans are an increasingly important
crop in northwestern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota. Early MG plant introductions (PIs) from the USDA Soybean Germplasm
Collection and early MG public and private cultivars were evaluated for resistance and partial resistance to P. sojae. Of the 113 PIs, PI438445, and PI438454 exhibited resistance to P. sojae races 4, 7, 17, and 28 indicating they may possess either Rps1c, Rps1k, previously unidentified or multiple resistance gene to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes. Because they exhibited partial resistance equal to or greater than the standard check cultivar Conrad, three early
MG soybean cultivars (MN0902, MN0302, and 91B53) were selected as standard checks to evaluate early MG PIs for partial resistance.
Sixty-nine PIs were evaluated for partial resistance to P. sojae races 7 and 25 using the inoculum layer method. Of this group of PIs, 22 had the same level of partial resistance as Conrad
to P. sojae race 7 while 19 had the same degree of partial resistance to race 25. Twelve PIs had same level of partial resistance as
Conrad to both P. sojae races 7 and 25. The PIs and cultivars identified in this study will be of great value in developing early MG soybean cultivars
suitable for planting in Canada and the northern United States. 相似文献
13.
Jiqing Zhang Suli Sun Guiqing Wang Canxing Duan Xiaoming Wang Xiaofei Wu Zhendong Zhu 《Euphytica》2014,196(3):375-384
Deployment of resistant soybean cultivars is the most effective and economical method of controlling Phytophthora root rot (PRR) incited by Phytophthora sojae, and characterization of Phytophthora resistance of the soybean cultivars greatly facilitates the effective utilization. The objective of this study was to characterize the resistance phenotype in 30 soybean cultivars/lines bred in Henan province and 4 ancestral cultivars which were inoculated with 26 P. sojae pathotypes. The 34 soybean cultivars/lines showed 34 different reaction types of resistance to 26 P. sojae pathotypes. The reaction types produced on the cultivars/lines were compared with those produced on the differential lines to postulate which Rps gene was present. The gene Rps5 and Rps3a or gene combination Rps3a+5 were postulated to be present in Zhoudou17 and Zheng77249, respectively. The other 32 cultivars/lines exhibited novel reaction types that were different from known single or two Rps gene combinations. The cluster analysis of the reaction types revealed 10 groups among the 34 soybean cultivars/lines, 17 differentials and the cultivar Williams at the similarity coefficient 0.6540. This study indicated that Phytophthora resistance was extremely diverse in this region. The cultivars/lines with broad spectrum resistance could provide effective sources of resistance for the control of PRR in the future. 相似文献
14.
Takuma Sugimoto Masayasu Kato Shinya Yoshida Isao Matsumoto Tamotsu Kobayashi Akito Kaga Makita Hajika Ryo Yamamoto Kazuhiko Watanabe Masataka Aino Toru Matoh David R. Walker Alan R. Biggs Masao Ishimoto 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):511-522
Phytophthora stem and root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in several soybean-producing areas around the world. This presents serious limitations for soybean production, with yield losses from 4 to 100%. The most effective method to reduce damage would be to grow Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars, and two types of host resistance have been described. Race-specific resistance conditioned by single dominant Rps (“resistance to Phytophthora sojae”) genes and quantitatively inherited partial resistance conferred by multiple genes could both provide protection from the pathogen. Molecular markers linked to Rps genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying partial resistance have been identified on several molecular linkage groups corresponding to chromosomes. These markers can be used to screen for Phytophthora-resistant plants rapidly and efficiently, and to combine multiple resistance genes in the same background. This paper reviews what is currently known about pathogenic races of P. sojae in the USA and Japan, selection of sources of Rps genes or minor genes providing partial resistance, and the current state and future scope of breeding Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars. 相似文献
15.
Xiao-Ling Wu Jin-Ming Zhao Shi Sun Feng Yang Yuan-Chao Wang Jun-Yi Gai Han Xing 《Euphytica》2010,176(2):261-268
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease affecting soybean production regions throughout the world. The utilization of resistant cultivars
is the most economical and environmentally safe method for controlling this disease. This work aims to screen the effective
sources of special and partial resistance for the development of resistant cultivars. A total of 611 soybean germplasm lines
from three ecological regions were evaluated for their responses to three P. sojae strains, namely, PNJ1, PNJ3, and PNJ4, using the hypocotyl inoculation technique. The soybean germplasm lines elicited eight
different reaction types with three strains. Among these, 106 were resistant and 253 were susceptible to the three strains.
A total of 123 soybean germplasm lines identified as susceptible to the three strains by the hypocotyl inoculation method
were evaluated for partial resistance to PNJ1 using the slant board assay. Thirty-nine cultivars displayed high levels of
partial resistance to PNJ1. The results of this study can be utilized to plant appropriately resistant cultivars in infected
fields and to provide good breeding materials. 相似文献