共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mesodermal control of neural cell identity: floor plate induction by the notochord 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
M Placzek M Tessier-Lavigne T Yamada T Jessell J Dodd 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,250(4983):985-988
The floor plate is a specialized group of midline neuroepithelial cells that appears to regulate cell differentiation and axonal growth in the developing vertebrate nervous system. A floor plate-specific chemoattractant was used as a marker to examine the role of the notochord in avian floor plate development. Expression of this chemoattractant in lateral cells of the neural plate and neural tube was induced by an ectopic notochord, and midline neural tube cells did not express the chemoattractant after removal of the notochord early in development. These results provide evidence that a local signal from the notochord induces the functional properties of the floor plate. 相似文献
2.
The presence of fibroblast growth factor in the frog egg: its role as a natural mesoderm inducer 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
D Kimelman J A Abraham T Haaparanta T M Palisi M W Kirschner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,242(4881):1053-1056
3.
The effect of the floor plate on pattern and polarity in the developing central nervous system 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The effect of floor plate on cellular differentiation in the neural tube of quail embryos was examined. In the developing neural tube the floor plate, which consists of specialized neuroepithelial cells, is located in the ventral midline of the neural tube. When Hensen's node was extirpated the floor plate and notochord did not develop, and the normal differentiation of the ventral horn motor neurons and dorsal and ventral roots did not occur. When one side of the neural tube was deprived of notochord, the ventro-dorsal differentiation took place on both sides. However, when one side of the neural tube was deprived of the floor plate, the ventral horn motor neurons and dorsal and ventral roots did not develop on that side. These observations suggest that the floor plate influences motor neuron differentiation and acts as an intrinsic organizer to establish pattern and polarity in the developing nervous system. 相似文献
4.
The limited competence of embryonic tissue to respond to an inductive signal has an essential, regulatory function in embryonic induction. The molecular basis for the competence of Xenopus ectoderm to differentiate into neural tissue was investigated. Dorsal mesoderm or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused in vivo activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and neural differentiation mainly in dorsal ectoderm and to a lesser extent in ventral ectoderm. These data correlate with the observations that PKC preparations from dorsal and ventral ectoderm differ, the dorsal PKC preparation being more susceptible to activation by TPA and diolein than is the ventral PKC preparation. Monoclonal antibodies against the bovine PKC alpha plus beta or gamma isozymes immunostained dorsal and ventral ectoderm, respectively, which suggests different localizations of PKC isozymes. These results suggest that PKC participates in the establishment of embryonic competence. 相似文献
5.
Thibert C Teillet MA Lapointe F Mazelin L Le Douarin NM Mehlen P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5634):843-846
During early development in vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced by the notochord and the floor plate. A ventrodorsal gradient of Shh directs ventrodorsal patterning of the neural tube. However, Shh is also required for the survival of neuroepithelial cells. We show that Patched (Ptc) induces apoptotic cell death unless its ligand Shh is present to block the signal. Moreover, the blockade of Ptc-induced cell death partly rescues the chick spinal cord defect provoked by Shh deprivation. Thus, the proapoptotic activity of unbound Ptc and the positive effect of Shh-bound Ptc on cell differentiation probably cooperate to achieve the appropriate spinal cord development. 相似文献
6.
During frog embryogenesis, mesoderm is specified in the equatorial region of the early embryo by a signal from the vegetal hemisphere. Prospective ectodermal cells dissected from the animal hemisphere can be respecified to form mesodermal tissues by recombination with vegetal tissue or by treatment with any of several polypeptide growth factors or growth factor-like molecules. Together with the discovery that several developmental mutations in Drosophila are in genes with significant homology to mammalian mitogens and oncogenes, these observations suggest that early developmental signals may use similar transduction pathways to mitogenic signals characterized in cultured mammalian cells. Whether mesoderm can be induced by activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways implicated in mitogenesis and oncogenesis has been investigated with the viral oncogene polyoma middle T. Microinjection of middle T messenger RNA into early embryos results in the respecification of isolated prospective ectodermal tissue to form characteristic mesodermal structures. Middle T in frog blastomeres appears to associate with cellular activities similar to those observed in polyoma-transformed mouse cells, and transformation-defective middle T mutants fail to induce mesoderm. These results suggest that early inductive signals and mitogenic and oncogenic stimuli may share common signal transduction pathways. 相似文献
7.
Zhang L Zhou H Su Y Sun Z Zhang H Zhang L Zhang Y Ning Y Chen YG Meng A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5693):114-117
Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors. 相似文献
8.
斑马鱼早期胚胎神经形成过程中SOD表达特点研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解以超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）为代表的抗氧化酶系统在胚胎发育过程中的建立及其对胚胎发育的影响,通过免疫组化方法,研究了SOD在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育神经系统中的表达特点。结果表明,在体节分化的不同时期,SOD在脊索、神经管、眼等部位呈不同程度的表达;咽弓形成时期,SOD在咽弓中表达微弱,在脑组织中表达较强;至孵化期,SOD在终末器官中的表达程度不尽相同,其在大脑区域的表达略强于间脑区域。说明在斑马鱼早期胚胎神经形成过程中,以SOD为代表的抗氧化酶系统已经开始逐步形成,维持胚胎组织细胞中活性氧（ROS）的正常浓度,确保胚胎正常发育。 相似文献
9.
Most of the morphological and functional differences between vertebrates and other chordates occur in the head and are derived embryologically from muscularized hypomere, neural crest, and epidermal (neurogenic) placodes. In the head, the neural crest functions as mesoderm and forms connective, skeletal, and muscular tissue. Both the neural crest and the epidermal placodes form special sense organs and other neural structures. These structures may be homologous to portions of the epidermal nerve plexus of protochordates. The transition to vertebrates apparently was associated with a shift from a passive to an active mode of predation, so that many of the features occurring only in vertebrates became concentrated in the head. 相似文献
10.
Ladher RK Anakwe KU Gurney AL Schoenwolf GC Francis-West PH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5498):1965-1967
Tissue manipulation experiments in amphibians more than 50 years ago showed that induction of the inner ear requires two signals: a mesodermal signal followed by a neural signal. However, the molecules mediating this process have remained elusive. We present evidence for mesodermal initiation of otic development in higher vertebrates and show that the mesoderm can direct terminal differentiation of the inner ear in rostral ectoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrate the synergistic interactions of the extracellular polypeptide ligands FGF-19 and Wnt-8c as mediators of mesodermal and neural signals, respectively, initiating inner ear development. 相似文献
11.
Ca~(2+)信号介导川芎嗪诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的定向分化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用含2.4 mg.mL-1川芎嗪提取液对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)进行诱导,探讨川芎嗪体外诱导BMSCs分化为神经元样细胞的作用.应用EGTA(细胞外Ca2+螯合剂)、Nifedipine(L-型Ca2+通道阻断剂)和LY294002(PI3K阻断剂)等Ca2+阻断剂分别作用细胞,RT-PCR和Western blot技术研究Ca2+信号在川芎嗪诱导BMSCs分化为神经细胞过程中的作用.结果表明:川芎嗪作用不同时间的BMSCs均可见Nestin、β-Tubulin Ⅲ、NSE和Nurrl的表达;川芎嗪诱导后的细胞浆内Nestin和NSE蛋白表达呈阳性.EGTA、Nifedipine及LY294002分别阻断细胞外Ca2+、L-型Ca2+通道及PI3K后,NSE和Nurr1基因及NSE蛋白表达较川芎嗪诱导组显著上调.以上结果说明川芎嗪能使BMSCs定向分化为神经元样细胞,细胞内、外Ca2+的减少可促进川芎嗪诱导BMSCs向神经细胞的分化,Ca2+信号在川芎嗪诱导BMSCs向神经细胞定向分化过程中起负调控作用. 相似文献
12.
Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina: its dependence on cell interactions 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A relation between enzyme induction in embryonic cells and cellular organization is indicated by the finding that the levels of glutamine synthetase induced by hydrocortisone in the embryonic neural retina in vitro are dependent on the associations between the retina cells. Intact retina tissue, aggregates of dissociated cells, and cells in monolayer culture showed a decreasing response, in this order, to glutamine synthetase induction. With time of culture, the enzyme activity continued to rise in the intact retina and in cell aggregates, but activity declined in monolayer cultures even though the inducer was continuously present. Dispersed cells cultured in monolayer without the inducer showed after 24 hours a loss of inducibility which could not be reversed by reaggregating such modified cells but could be prevented by maintaining the freshly dispersed cells at a low temperature. 相似文献
13.
14.
Ectodermal Wnt function as a neural crest inducer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Neural crest cells, which generate peripheral nervous system and facial skeleton, arise at the neural plate/ectodermal border via an inductive interaction between these tissues. Wnts and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play roles in neural crest induction in amphibians and zebrafish. Here, we show that, in avians, Wnt6 is localized in ectoderm and in vivo inhibition of Wnt signaling perturbs neural crest formation. Furthermore, Wnts induce neural crest from naive neural plates in vitro in a defined medium without added factors, whereas BMPs require additives. Our data suggest that Wnt molecules are necessary and sufficient to induce neural crest cells in avian embryos. 相似文献
15.
胚胎干细胞体外定向诱导分化研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
胚胎干细胞是由早期内细胞团分离的一种多潜能细胞 ,在体外分化抑制培养时 ,可保持未分化状态而无限增殖。一旦撤除分化抑制因素 ,或添加适当的诱导剂 ,ES细胞可分化为内胚层、中胚层和外胚层的多种类型的特化细胞。文章综述了体外定向诱导 ES细胞分化为造血细胞、心肌细胞、神经细胞、脂肪细胞、胰岛细胞、内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞和黑素细胞等的途径和方法。 相似文献
16.
转Bt抗虫基因植物中杀虫蛋白的酶联免疫检测技术研究Ⅲ.酶联免疫(ELISA)间接法检测Bt杀虫蛋白研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用ELISA间接检测法,研究了2种酶标羊抗兔抗体(辣根过氧化物酶与碱性磷酸酶)和2种检测载体(聚苯乙烯多孔板和硝酸纤维膜)对检测灵敏度和样本检测效果的影响。结果表明,在采用纯的杀虫晶体蛋白进行灵敏度检测时,2种酶标抗体的测定结果非常相近,无明显差别,灵敏度可达7·8~15·6ng。但在检测植物样本时,不同酶标抗体则存在差异。表现为碱性磷酸酶标记的抗体优于辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗体。这主要是由于植物样本中有内源过氧化物酶所致。用硝酸纤维素膜和聚苯乙烯多孔板作载体进行检测纯的Bt杀虫蛋白的效果二者相当。但检测植物样本时,植物中的叶绿素对Dot-ELISA的干扰很大,准确性差。本研究所制备的Bt杀虫蛋白抗体具有高的特异性。 相似文献
17.
苹果胚性细胞的诱导及植株再生研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别以苹果胚性组织幼胚子叶和珠心以及非胚性组织离体叶片为试材,对苹果胚性细胞的诱导及植株再生的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：外植体来源对苹果胚性细胞的诱导及植株再生能力影响显著。虽然胚性组织（幼胚子叶和珠心组织）均可高频率诱导胚性细胞,但其植株再生潜力差。而叶片诱导胚性细胞受培养基中生长调节剂种类和浓度影响明显。在含有2,4-D和BA的MS培养基上,叶片可诱导胚性细胞,胚性细胞在接种于含低浓度BA的分化培养基上可获得较高频率的植株再生。与胚性组织相比,苹果叶片细胞具有较高的全能性,可作为苹果细胞工程中较为理想的细胞来源。 相似文献
18.
以脂多糖(LPS)诱导的RAW264.7细胞为模型,研究原花青素对LPS诱导的小鼠RAW264.7细胞中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)mRNA转录的抑制机制。采用RT-PCR法测定原花青素对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中COX-2mRNA转录的影响,采用Western blot和免疫组化法考察原花青素对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞核转录因子κB(NF-κB)亚基p65(NF-κB/p65)及NF-κB结合蛋白(I-κB)表达的影响。结果发现LPS处理RAW264.7细胞可以明显上调COX-2 mRNA的表达,同时降低胞质蛋白I-κB的表达水平,增加NF-κB的水平。原花青素对RAW264.7细胞中COX-2 mRNA的转录有较强抑制作用,抑制NF-κB/p65的表达及I-κB的降解,原花青素可能是通过抑制NF-κB/p65的表达及I-κB/p65的降解而抑制COX-2的表达。 相似文献
19.
采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,研究矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)仔稚鱼(体长范围为4.7~45.1 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的形态发育特征。结果显示:4.7 mm个体脊索为无分节的长圆柱形;5.3 mm个体随着髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,脊柱开始发育;7.1 mm个体髓弓与脉弓延伸形成髓棘与脉棘,脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,并从前往后硬骨化;22.9 mm个体脊柱形成40~43枚椎骨(躯椎15枚,尾椎25~28枚)。矛尾虾虎鱼附肢骨骼系统的发育顺序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、第二背鳍与臀鳍、第一背鳍与腹鳍。4.8 mm个体可见软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨和乌喙骨-肩胛软骨,以及部分骨化的匙骨;16.8 mm个体肩带开始骨化。腹鳍支鳍骨最早在8.9 mm个体出现,在17.0 mm个体开始骨化。6.6 mm个体脊索上方中部与肛门后端分别出现13和11枚软骨质的支鳍骨;第二背鳍先于第一背鳍出现,背鳍支鳍骨与臀鳍支鳍骨分别在13.0 mm和12.1 mm个体中开始由前向后骨化,第二背鳍与臀鳍第1枚鳍条分别在22.7 mm和20.6 mm个体中锐化成背棘与臀棘。5.8 mm个体最早出现2枚尾下骨,随着脊索末端向上弯曲,10.9 mm个体尾鳍基本成型,共有2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨、1枚尾椎髓体、1枚侧尾下骨和3枚尾下骨,且第2枚与第3枚尾下骨已愈合完全,24.3 mm个体尾鳍骨化基本完成。矛尾虾虎鱼仔稚鱼骨骼发育研究结果对其分类鉴定和早期发育功能趋向有重要作用。 相似文献
20.
Many vertebrate organs adopt asymmetric positions with respect to the midline, but little is known about the cellular changes and tissue movements that occur downstream of left-right gene expression to produce this asymmetry. Here, we provide evidence that the looping of the zebrafish gut results from the asymmetric migration of the neighboring lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Mutations that disrupt the epithelial structure of the LPM perturb this asymmetric migration and inhibit gut looping. Asymmetric LPM migration still occurs when the endoderm is ablated from the gut-looping region, suggesting that the LPM can autonomously provide a motive force for gut displacement. Finally, reducing left-sided Nodal activity randomizes the pattern of LPM migration and gut looping. These results reveal a cellular framework for the regulation of organ laterality by asymmetrically expressed genes. 相似文献