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2.
利用美洲黑杨 5 0号为母本和青杨 5个种源 (各 10个单株 )为父本杂交 ,获得杂种F1代无性系 ,对此多水平杂交育种体系叶片和生长遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明 ,父本青杨种源间及种源内单株间均达到极显著差异 ,F1代无性系的种源间、种源内家系间和家系内无性系间存在不同差异。杂种F1代无性系扦插苗父本种源不同的杂交组合间和组合内家系间成活率差异不显著 ,1、2、3年生苗的生长性状在不同层次变异水平上差异显著或极显著 ,表明父本青杨种源间和种源内变异对F1代生长有显著影响 ,F1代无性系存在丰富的遗传变异 ,具有选择潜力。杂种F1代叶片形态与苗期生长性状间未发现有较大相关性 相似文献
3.
利用美洲黑杨50号为母本和青杨5个种源(各10个单株)为父本杂交,获得杂种F1代无性系,对此多水平杂交育种体系叶片和生长遗传变异进行了研究.结果表明,父本青杨种源间及种源内单株间均达到极显著差异,F1代无性系的种源间、种源内家系间和家系内无性系间存在不同差异.杂种F1代无性系扦插苗父本种源不同的杂交组合间和组合内家系间成活率差异不显著,1、2、3年生苗的生长性状在不同层次变异水平上差异显著或极显著,表明父本青杨种源间和种源内变异对F1代生长有显著影响,F1代无性系存在丰富的遗传变异,具有选择潜力.杂种F1代叶片形态与苗期生长性状间未发现有较大相关性. 相似文献
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5.
Large numbers of cones (strobili) were induced in a 10-year-old plot of mature grafts of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. All trees injected with 20 mg GA(4 + 7) in June initiated female and male cones in the same year. This treatment increased the number of female cones per plant 12-fold above the controls, more than doubling the percentage of cones that were female. Complete bark-ringing (done in May of the previous year) showed an additive effect with GA on the number of female cones formed, but a negative interaction on the number of male cones induced. Ringing promoted male cone production most when used alone. Treatments, singly or combined, also increased the proportion of cones that were lateral, compared with the preponderance of terminal male cones in the controls. The effects were apparently not directly associated with alterations in vegetative vigor, although these occurred causing a reduction in the proportion of buds containing vegetative shoots the following year. The clones differed in most characteristics, but both sparse and prolific clones were induced to reproductive activity. Viable seed yields per tree, and notional production from seed-orchards were enhanced almost 10-fold by GA injection, and about 4-fold by bark-ringing and GA + bark-ringing. 相似文献
6.
英德火炬松改良种子园无性系开花的时空变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对英德火炬松改良种子园建园无性系的开花习性进行了观察，发现大部分无性系雌、雄花发育良好。无性系开花时间大约在3月4～26日，大多数无性系雌花在3月7—8日开始开放，少数在3月4～6日开始开放，雄花大多数在3月9～10日开始开放。总体上雌花比雄花早2～3d开放，早1～2d结束。全园雌花盛花期为3月8～17日，雄花盛花期为3月12～19日，雌、雄花盛花期有一个星期的时间相遇，自然条件下可保证充分授粉。种子园嫁接后第2年到第3年，90％以上的无性系开花，平均开花株率略高于70％；从第3年到第4年，100％的无性系开花，开花株率接近95％。说明嫁接后第3～4年，是种子园进入盛产的关键时期，也是实施人工控制授粉的有利时期。 相似文献
7.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):356-363
The patterns of current‐year shoot, needle and terminal bud elongation in seedlings of three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and three lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) provenances were compared during the third and fourth growing seasons after planting. Lodgepole pine produced longer shoots and buds than did Scots pine, mainly because lodgepole pine formed more stem units and elongated at a faster rate. Stem unit length and the duration of shoot and bud elongation differed relatively little between species and provenances. Lammas or polycyclic growth occurred in some lodgepole pine provenances, but not in any Scots pine provenance, and was associated with enhanced shoot elongation. Needle elongation commenced earlier, proceeded at a faster rate, and was greater in lodgepole pine than in Scots pine, but ceased about the same time in all species and provenances. The heat sum required to attain 50% of final length was lower for shoots and needles in lodgepole pine than in Scots pine, and for shoots in northern provenances than in southern ones. Mitotic activity in the apical meristem of the terminal bud, which occurred less than one week after the seedlings were free from snow, started and ceased about the same time in each species, but was higher in lodgepole pine than in Scots pine early in the shoot elongation period. 相似文献
8.
Early-growth differentiation among seven provenances of Prosopis flexuosa (algarrobo dulce) from the Monte phytogeographic province, Argentina, was studied by comparing their height growth; whole-seedling dry mass gain; allocation to root, stem and leaves; leaf number and leaf area in a common garden. Differentiation among provenances was detected for all the seedling characters examined except leaf number. Family variation within provenances was significant for height growth and leaf number. Variation on the provenance level was related to the elevation, geographic location, and some abiotic conditions of the seed source such as mean annual temperature and frost free period. Latitudinal clines were evident for almost all the growth traits. They were more pronounced for height and aboveground mass, and moderate for total plant mass and leaf area per plant. In addition, a good correspondence in growth traits between young seedlings and older trees of this species (studied by others authors) was also assessed. This fact would permit an early selection and genetic advances in the short term in breeding programs. 相似文献
9.
Lavigne MB 《Tree physiology》1996,16(10):847-852
Stem respiration rates of 31-year-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees from northern and southern provenances growing in a common garden were compared. At 15 degrees C, the seasonal course of stem respiration rate of northern provenances was not statistically different from that of southern provenances. A relationship existed between maintenance respiration rate and stem growth rate. Because relationships between sapwood relative growth rate and annual growth and maintenance respiration rates were similar for northern and southern provenances, no clinal differences in stem respiration rates were observed. 相似文献
10.
J. Kreyling D. Thiel L. Nagy A. Jentsch G. Huber M. Konnert C. Beierkuhnlein 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(3):717-725
Fagus sylvatica, the dominant native forest tree species of Central Europe, is sensitive to late frost events. Advanced leaf flushing due
to climate warming may lead to more frequent frost damage in the future. Here, we explore local adaptation to late frost events
at both continental and regional scales and test how moderate climate warming (+1.5°C) affects late frost sensitivity. Short-term
leaf injury and height growth after a late frost event were quantified in a common garden experiment with 2-year-old F. sylvatica seedlings. The fully crossed three-factorial design consisted of a late frost manipulation, a continuous warming manipulation
and selected provenances (three provenances from western Bulgaria and three from southern Germany). Late frost led to leaf
injury and reduced height growth (−7%). Provenances differed in their late frost sensitivity at the regional scale, and local
adaptation was detected. At the larger scale, the Bulgarian provenances showed reduced height growth (−17%), while the German
provenances did not exhibit growth reduction. The warming treatment prevented late frost damage, while height growth declined
by 19% in the reference temperature treatment. This surprising finding was attributed to advanced leaf maturity in the warming
treatment. The impact of late frost events on F. sylvatica in a warmer world will depend on timing. An event that damages leaves immediately after leaf flushing appears negligible
a few days earlier or later, thereby complicating projections. Local adaptation to late frost is evident at a regional scale.
Management strategies should aim at maximizing genetic diversity to adapt to climate change. 相似文献
11.
Leonel Lopez-Toledo Margarita Heredia-Hernández Dante Castellanos-Acuña Arnulfo Blanco-García Cuauhtémoc Saénz-Romero 《New Forests》2017,48(6):867-881
Climate varies along altitudinal gradients and species performance may be affected in response to these variations. Climate change can modify these gradients and, at the lower limit of species distributions, individuals may become stressed and their general health and reproductive performance may decrease. Study and prediction of the effects of climate change on the distribution of species along these gradients is therefore necessary. Our model study species, Pinus pseudostrobus, is a widely distributed pine in Mexico, ranging from 1600 to 3200 masl in altitude. In order to explore changes in health condition and reproductive investment along an altitudinal gradient, ten reproductive trees were selected in each of four populations (at 2300, 2400, 2700 and 2900 masl). As a proxy of individual health, we conducted a rapid visual assessment for each tree, based on crown defoliation, dead branches and foliage discoloration. This stress condition index (SCI) ranges from zero to fifteen, and lower values indicate low stress and therefore better health conditions. We also evaluated reproductive (cone weight, number/weight of seeds) and progeny (germination/seedling growth) traits. In addition, the relationships between SCI and the reproductive/progeny traits were assessed. The lowest altitude population presented poor health, with higher values of SCI (mean ± SE = 6.3 ± 0.9) that reduced up to 4.8-fold in higher-altitude populations. Cone weight also differed among altitudes, with lighter cones in the lower population (mean ± SE = 38.2 ± 4.3 g), and 1.5-fold heavier cones found in the higher populations. In general, all of the reproductive/progeny traits differed among altitudes. The population of intermediate altitude (2700 masl) presented the highest values for all traits evaluated, indicating higher performance at this altitude. Finally, a negative relationship was found between stress condition and cone weight. Based on our results and climate change models and their predictions, an increase in physiological stress can be expected in individuals of low altitude populations. Furthermore, possible increases in pests and pathogens are likely to contribute to the decline of this population. It is therefore necessary to maintain efforts of stress condition assessment and population dynamics, as well as to permanently monitor the climate along altitudinal gradients. 相似文献
12.
Laura Rose Christoph Leuschner Benjamin Köckemann Holger Buschmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(4):335-343
Due to the expected increases of number and intensity of summer droughts in Central Europe the identification of drought tolerant
ecotypes becomes more important in future forestry. A common garden experiment with seedlings of Fagus sylvatica provenances from the center (Germany) and eastern margin (Poland) of the species’ distribution range was conducted. Responses
of morphological, physiological, chemical and growth parameters to three drought treatments were analyzed. Relative growth
rates of the marginal provenance were lower as compared to the central provenance. The marginal seedlings showed a tendency
to higher total biomasses because of higher seed masses. In both provenances drought decreased biomass production and root/shoot
ratio which was lower in the central provenance. A lower specific root area of the marginal provenance indicated a better
adaptation to low xylem water potentials. Under moderate drought, lower leaf δ13C signatures may indicate lower stomatal limitation (or a reduced rate of CO2 assimilation) in the marginal provenance. We conclude that marginal beech provenances may exhibit a better drought adaptation. 相似文献
13.
绿竹不同种源遗传参数估计及生长差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在龙海与永安开展绿竹地理种源试验,通过对不同绿竹地理种源遗传参数估计及生长差异研究,结果表明:⑨号(赛岐)、①号(福安)、⑤号(永安)和②号(永春)种源在永安则有较大的推广前景,其出笋数(A性状)的ΔG达到45%以上。而⑨号(赛岐)、①号(福安)和②号(永春)种源在漳州具有较大的推广前景,其单位面积笋产量(B性状)的遗传增益均达到38%以上。从不同种源不同时间各生长因子差异检验结果来看,永安各性状各处理间的差异性较小,其生境适合较多的绿竹种源生长,这可能与其较为阴凉的气候有关。 相似文献
14.
The performance and variability patterns in the wood element’s dimensions, specific gravity and growth parameters namely ramet
height and GBH were evaluated in 16 clones of parents, F1 and F2 hybrids of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Ramet radial variations were non-significant, while inter-clonal variations due to interaction of clone/replication
were significant for all the wood traits except vessel element length. Inter-clonal variations were significant only for fiber
length and fiber wall thickness. Fiber length and specific gravity were significantly higher in female, while wall thickness
and vessel element length were higher in male clones. Female parents (G48 and S7C8) showed higher fiber length and specific
gravity than of the male parent (G3), while vessel diameter and wall thickness were higher in male parent (G3). There is not
much difference in fiber length and vessel element’s dimensions among the parents, F1 and F2 generation hybrid clones. Specific
gravity did not showed any trend for parents, F1 and F2 generations. Generally female clones showed higher growth rate. Broad
sense heritability for wood traits ranged from 0.143 (fiber length) to 0.505 (fiber wall thickness), while for growth traits
it was 0.374 (GBH) and 0.418 (height). Genetic gain for all the wood and growth traits was positive for most of the wood traits.
The highly divergent male clone (78) and female clones (S7C8, G48, W/A 49) in number of combinations could be used for developing
new hybrids of desired wood traits to develop new clones. 相似文献
15.
Branches of Pinus contorta Dougl. bearing two-year-old female cones initiated fewer lateral buds than vegetative branches. However, the number of lateral shoots that differentiated and grew was not reduced on female cone-bearing branches. Neither the number nor the weight of female cones influenced the length of the terminal shoot. The total length of all lateral shoots was positively associated with the weight of two-year-old female cones. Branch units with two-year-old female cones produced significantly more total dry weight in the current year than vegetative branch units. There was, however, no significant reduction in the dry weight of terminal and lateral shoots. Branches bearing female cones allocated between 17 and 45% of the current year's dry weight to two-year-old cones and between 1 and 5% was allocated to one-year-old female cones. Female cones therefore apparently do not reduce the photosynthetic potential of trees. The influence of female cones compared with male cones on the growth of trees is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is the tree species most affected by wildfire in the Iberian Peninsula. Prediction of the probability of fire-injured tree mortality is critical for management of burned areas, evaluation of the ecological and economic impact of wildfire and prescribed fire planning and application. Pine bark beetles (Scolytidae) frequently attack burned maritime pine stands and cause extensive post-fire mortality throughout the Iberian Peninsula. In the present study, maritime pine trees were monitored for three years following 14 wildfires in four ecotypes in Spain (11 fires in Galicia (Galician ecotype - NW Spain), one fire in Portillo (Meseta-Castellana ecotype - Central Spain), one fire in Rodenal (Rodenal ecotype - Central Spain), and one fire in Genalguacil (Sierra Bermeja ecotype - SW Spain)). Data on tree attributes, crown and bole injury, ground fire severity, Ips sp. presence and tree survival were obtained by examining 3085 trees. Logistic regression models for predicting the probability of delayed maritime pine mortality were developed by use of generalized estimated equations (GEE). An ample range of response to fire damage in mortality was evident among the four ecotypes and different models were fitted for each. The most important variables for predicting tree mortality were total crown volume damaged, presence of Ips sp. attack and cambium kill rating. The results highlight the extensive presence of Ips sp. in burned maritime pine forests and its importance in tree mortality process, the ample range of response of P. pinaster, in terms of post-fire mortality, as well as the need to develop site specific mortality models for the different ecotypes of this species following fire. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):7-12
Genotypic variation in susceptibility to Gremmeniella abietina, an economically important fungal pathogen of conifers, was studied by artificially inoculating 23 - yr - old grafted plants of six Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clones in a seed orchard. Two fungal isolates were used. The mycelium was inserted into the current year shoots in late winter and the length of the necrotic lesion caused by the fungus was measured the next spring. The growth and male flower production of the experimental shoots were also measured. The development of symptoms did not vary among the clones, but the location of the grafts within the orchard statistically significantly affected the length of necrosis. The clones differed significantly in regard to height and the production of male and female flowers. Differences in flowering intensity among the clones were not connected with the development of G. abietina. At the level of the single shoot, the production of male flowers correlated positively with the length of necrosis. The length of necrosis correlated negatively with the length of current and previous year shoots. The ability of the two fungal isolates to cause necrosis differed significantly. 相似文献
18.
VladdislavN.Vorobjev 《林业研究》1997,8(2):94-96
hitt.oductionStOneglnefOrestsinRussiaareco111POsedofthreestonePinespeCesfSiberianstonepine(PinIissibiIjcaDuTour),Koreanshnepine(PinlisKoIxiiensisSieb.EtZucc.),andJapanesestonepine(PinIispumila[Pall.]Ropl).AllthesespeciesoccuPyabout4Omillionhm',SiberianstO… 相似文献
19.
To investigate genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for clones of radiata pine (Pinus radiata), clonal stability was
evaluated for growth and form traits from three trials in New Zealand and three trials in Australia. There were 215–245 clones
in common between pairs of New Zealand trials, 17–26 clones in common among Australian trials, while 32–52 clones were in
common between New Zealand and Australian sites. Clonal repeatability ( [^(H)]2 ) \left( {\hat{H}^{2} } \right) and type-B genetic correlations were estimated. The general trend across the six trials for clonal repeatability was that
[^(H)]2 \hat{H}^{2} was greatest for height (HGT) followed by diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness (STR), and branch quality score
(BRQ). Within New Zealand trials, there was little evidence of G×E for growth traits, but more for form traits. For DBH the
average type-B genetic correlation within New Zealand was 0.82; and for HGT, the average type-B genetic correlation within
New Zealand was 0.76. Within Australia, there was only one statistically significant type-B genetic correlation for DBH and
this estimate was high indicating that clonal ranks were similar on these two trials. Additionally, within Australia and between
regions type-B genetic correlations were generally high for form traits, at least for STR. One Australian trial (Trial 5)
showed relatively high clonal stability with the three trials in New Zealand indicating that the ranks of these clones were
relatively stable in both regions. From a clonal testing standpoint, these results suggest that stable clones can be identified
that perform well in both New Zealand and Australia. Improvements in both growth and form traits can be expected when radiata
pine clones are transferred between Australia and New Zealand within regions similar to those sampled in this trial series. 相似文献
20.
马尾松第一代改良无性系种子园建园材料选择 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以福建省漳平五一国有林场马尾松第一代无性系种子园为研究群体,在对园内无性系及其子代家系测定数据分析基础上进行无性系再选择,重建改良代种子园。结果表明,子代生长量与当代无性系产籽量和雌雄球花量,在家系与无性系水平上差异极其显著,且不同程度受遗传控制,具有一定选育潜力。采用综合评定和独立淘汰相结合的方法,能实现性状兼优的无性系再选择。以一代(CK1)为对照,从160个无性系中再选择30个无性系建立的改良代种子园育种效果显著,其遗传增益估值,8年生子代材积提高10.9%,产籽量和雌、雄球花量分别提高49.1%、18.9%、7.6%;以母树林混合种(CK)为对照,2个选择阶段,8年生子代材积累计遗传增益估值18.1%。 相似文献