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1.
Meershoek LS Lanovaz JL Schamhardt HC Clayton HM 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(3):432-437
OBJECTIVE: To calculate forces in the flexor tendons and the influence of heel wedges in affected and contralateral (compensating) forelimbs of horses with experimentally induced unilateral tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon. ANIMALS: 5 Warmblood horses. Procedure-Ground reaction force and kinematic data were obtained during a previous study while horses were trotting before and after induction of tendinitis in 1 forelimb SDF and after application of 6 degrees heel wedges to both forehooves. Forces in the SDF, deep digital flexor (DDF), and the suspensory ligament (SL) and strain in the accessory ligament (AL) of the DDF were calculated, using an in vitro model of the distal region of the forelimb. RESULTS: After induction of tendinitis, trotting speed slowed, and forces decreased in most tendons. In the affected limb, SL force decreased more than SDF and DDF forces. In the compensating limb, SDF force increased, and the other forces decreased. After application of heel wedges, SDF force in both limbs increased but not significantly. Furthermore, there was a decrease in DDF force and AL strain. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The increase in SDF force in the compensating forelimb of horses with unilateral SDF tendinitis may explain the high secondary injury rate in this tendon. The lack of decrease of SDF force in either limb after application of heel wedges suggests that heel wedges are not beneficial in horses with SDF tendinitis. Instead, heel wedges may exacerbate the existing lesion. 相似文献
2.
Weston Davis Christopher J Caniglia Meghann Lustgarten Travis Blackwelder Ian Robertson W Rich Redding 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(2):166-173
Lateral digital flexor tendonitis is a rarely reported cause of hind limb lameness in performance horses. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic imaging findings for a group of horses with lateral digital flexor tendinitis within the tarsal sheath. Equine cases with a diagnosis of lateral digital flexor tendonitis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the affected region were retrieved from North Carolina University's medical record database. Recorded data for included horses were signalment; findings from history, physical examination, lameness examination, and all diagnostic imaging studies; treatment administered; and outcome. Four horses met inclusion criteria. Lameness was mild/moderate in severity and insidious in onset in all patients. Responses to flexion tests were variable. All horses showed positive improvement (70–90%) in lameness after tarsal sheath analgesia. Radiographic, scintigraphic, and ultrasonographic findings were inconclusive. For all horses, MRI characteristics included increased T2, PD, and STIR signal intensity within the lateral digital flexor tendon in the area of the tarsal sheath. Tarsal sheath effusion was slight in three horses, and mild/moderate in one horse. With medical treatment, two horses were sound at 6‐month followup, one horse was sound at 1‐year followup, and one horse had a slight persistent lameness (grade 1/5) at 9‐month followup. Findings supported the use of MRI for diagnosing lateral digital flexor tendonitis within the tarsal sheath in horses. Affected horses may have a good prognosis for return to athletic performance following appropriate medical treatment. 相似文献
3.
Mai IIMORI Norihisa TAMURA Kazuhiro SEKI Yoshinori KASASHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):261
The onset of severe injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is extremely difficult to predict from slight changes in ultrasonographic findings in cases with no apparent clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between an increased cross-sectional area (CSA) or edema in the subcutaneous tissue around the tendon and the subsequent onset of severe SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses were classified into three groups based on ultrasound diagnosis (USD) findings: Group A included cases with enlarged tendons; Group B included cases with tendons of normal size but with prominent edema in the peritendinous tissue; and Group C (control group) included cases with no abnormal USD findings. The incidence of subsequent severe tendon injury was significantly higher in the horses in Groups A (25.7%, 28/101) and B (28.3%, 65/212) than in those in Group C (4.9%, 2/41). There were no significant differences in the median period and the median number of races from the first examination to the subsequent tendon injury between Groups A (140 days, 1 race) and B (120 days, 1 race). The results of this study revealed that horses with increased CSA and peritendinous edema are likely to suffer a subsequent severe tendon injury. Also, these two USD findings, i.e., increased CSA and peritendinous edema, indicate the risk of onset of severe SDFT injury. 相似文献
4.
Objective To describe clinical findings, ultrasonographic features and outcome of injury to the branches of insertion of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon in horses.
Design Retrospective study of 14 cases.
Procedure Fourteen Thoroughbred horses with tendonitis affecting the branches of insertion of the SDF tendon were examined for lameness, location and amount of swelling, and the presence of other musculoskeletal abnormalities. The flexor tendons were assessed by ultrasonographic examination, and recommendations were made for management of the cases. Outcome was assessed by re-examination of some horses, direct communication with the owner or trainer, and examination of race records.
Results The lateral SDF branch was affected in 10 horses; the medial branch in three, and both branches in one horse. Two horses had concurrent injuries to the SDF tendon in the metacarpal region of the contralateral limb. Ultrasonographic findings included swelling of the affected SDF branch, peritendinous fluid accumulation, disruption of normal fibre alignment on sagittal scan, and variable loss of echogenicity. As healing occurred, there was return of normal echogenicity, but normal fibre alignment did not return completely and apparent adhesions formed between the affected SDF branch and adjacent structures. Seven of 10 horses which returned to their previous use were able to compete without further tendon injury. Recurrence of injury occurred in one case, and another two horses developed tendonitis in the metacarpal region. One horse was retired from racing but was able to compete at dressage without recurrence of injury. Two horses were retired for breeding without returning to training, and one horse was sold and lost to follow up but did not race.
Conclusion The prognosis is fair for return to previous use following injury to the branches of insertion of the SDF tendon in athletic horses. 相似文献
Design Retrospective study of 14 cases.
Procedure Fourteen Thoroughbred horses with tendonitis affecting the branches of insertion of the SDF tendon were examined for lameness, location and amount of swelling, and the presence of other musculoskeletal abnormalities. The flexor tendons were assessed by ultrasonographic examination, and recommendations were made for management of the cases. Outcome was assessed by re-examination of some horses, direct communication with the owner or trainer, and examination of race records.
Results The lateral SDF branch was affected in 10 horses; the medial branch in three, and both branches in one horse. Two horses had concurrent injuries to the SDF tendon in the metacarpal region of the contralateral limb. Ultrasonographic findings included swelling of the affected SDF branch, peritendinous fluid accumulation, disruption of normal fibre alignment on sagittal scan, and variable loss of echogenicity. As healing occurred, there was return of normal echogenicity, but normal fibre alignment did not return completely and apparent adhesions formed between the affected SDF branch and adjacent structures. Seven of 10 horses which returned to their previous use were able to compete without further tendon injury. Recurrence of injury occurred in one case, and another two horses developed tendonitis in the metacarpal region. One horse was retired from racing but was able to compete at dressage without recurrence of injury. Two horses were retired for breeding without returning to training, and one horse was sold and lost to follow up but did not race.
Conclusion The prognosis is fair for return to previous use following injury to the branches of insertion of the SDF tendon in athletic horses. 相似文献
5.
Standing low‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to image the feet of 21 horses affected by keratomas. The animals had variable clinical histories including acute, chronic or recurrent lameness. Of the 21 horses, only 14 (66%) had radiological changes suggestive of keratoma. Standing low‐field MRI revealed a smoothly demarcated hoof wall lesion in all horses, with deformity of the adjacent surface of the distal phalanx in 15 cases. The signal characteristics of the keratomas varied, with most showing either hypointensity or heterogeneous mixed signal intensity in T1‐ and T2*‐weighted images and hypointensity in STIR sequences. An intermediate or high STIR signal intensity was present in the trabecular bone of the adjacent region of the distal phalanx in 5 cases. Surgical debridement was performed in 16 horses. Recurrence was common, especially in cases where the lesion was ill‐defined; the prior MRI appearance of these cases tended to be of heterogeneous signal intensity. 相似文献
6.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING,GROSS POSTMORTEM,AND HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS FOR SOFT TISSUES OF THE PLANTAR ASPECT OF THE TARSUS AND PROXIMAL METATARSAL REGION IN NON‐LAME HORSES 
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下载免费PDF全文 Injuries of the plantar soft tissues of the tarsus and proximal metatarsus can be a source of lameness in horses, however published information is lacking on high field MRI characteristics of these tissues. Objectives of the current anatomic study were to (1) describe high‐field MRI features of the plantar tarsal and proximal metatarsal soft tissues; and (2) compare MRI findings with gross and histological appearances of selected structures for a sample of cadaver limbs from non‐lame horses. Single hindlimbs for 42 horses, and right and left hindlimbs for eight horses were scanned using high‐field MRI. The MRI findings were described for the 50 single limbs; and the MRI, gross postmortem and histological findings were compared for the eight pairs of hindlimbs. The superficial digital flexor tendon had uniform low signal intensity, surrounded by the flexor retinaculum of intermediate to high signal intensity on all sequences. The lateral digital flexor tendon had slightly higher signal intensity, enclosed on the plantaromedial aspects by the low signal intensity metatarsocalcaneal ligament. The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon varied in size and signal intensity. The proximal and distal plantar ligaments, accessory ligament of the suspensory ligament, and calcaneoquartal ligament had low signal intensity. The long plantar ligament comprised a number of related parts, separated by lines of high signal intensity corresponding with fibrous septae seen in gross anatomical specimens. The plantar aspect of the ligament had uniform low signal intensity in all sequences, but the dorsal half was more heterogeneous with multifocal spots or lines of higher signal intensity. 相似文献
7.
Reasons for performing study: Detailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological appearances of the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament (PSL) in the forelimb of nonlame horses have not been previously documented. Objectives: 1) to describe detailed anatomy of the PSL, 2) describe high‐ and low‐field MRI and histological appearances of the PSL and surrounding structures in the forelimb of horses with no carpal or proximal metacarpal pain, 3) assess the relationship between age, breed, gender, height, bodyweight and MRI findings and 4) describe the histological appearance of the PSL and compare this with MRI findings. Methods: High‐ and low‐field MR images of the PSL and related structures from 30 cadaver limbs of nonlame horses were analysed subjectively and objectively. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of age, breed, gender, height and bodyweight with MRI findings. Histological and MRI findings of the PSL of 9 limbs were compared subjectively. Results: The collagenous tissue of the PSL had low to intermediate signal intensity depending on the pulse sequence. There was a large variation among horses in the amount, shape and signal intensity of the muscle and adipose tissue within the PSL. Comparison of MR images with histological slides revealed that the high signal intensity areas corresponded to adipose tissue and intermediate signal intensity areas to muscle tissue. The medial lobe of the PSL had a smaller cross sectional area (CSA) than the lateral lobe; there was a positive association between CSA of the PSL and both horse height and bodyweight (P<0.001). Conclusions and potential relevance: The large variability in the MRI appearance of the PSL in nonlame horses should be borne in mind when interpreting MR images of lame horses. 相似文献
8.
Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) (also known as ‘bone bruises’, ‘bone oedema’, ‘bone contusions’ and ‘occult fractures’) within the middle phalanx were diagnosed by standing low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 7 horses. The lesions were characterised by low signal intensity on T1‐ and T2*‐weighted gradient echo sequences, mildly increased signal intensity on T2 fast spin echo sequences, and high signal intensity on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. Four distinct patterns of abnormal signal were identified: BML associated with osteoarthritis of either the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints; BML associated with soft tissue injury; BML associated with acute trauma; and BML unassociated with any other injury or lameness (assumed to represent bone response to biomechanical stress). Repeat MRI was undertaken in 4 cases. In most cases the BML resolved with rest and time, although lameness was persistent in 2 horses (one of which had an associated osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint). 相似文献
9.
Reasons for performing the study: Detailed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological appearances of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL‐DDFT) have not been documented previously in detail. Objectives: To: 1) describe anatomical connections between the AL‐DDFT and adjacent structures; 2) describe high‐field and low‐field MRI and histological appearances of the AL‐DDFT in the forelimb of horses with no carpal or proximal metacarpal pain; and 3) assess the relationship between age, breed, gender, height, weight and MRI findings. Methods: Ten forelimbs were dissected to determine anatomical relationships among the AL‐DDFT and adjacent structures. High‐ and low‐field MR images of the AL‐DDFT and related structures from 29 cadaver limbs of nonlame horses were analysed subjectively and objectively. The relationship between age, breed, gender, height, weight and MRI findings was assessed using a Chi‐squared test. Twelve ALs‐DDFT were examined histologically. Histological and MRI findings were compared subjectively. Results: Fibrous bundles were seen between the AL‐DDFT and the lateral aspect of the superficial digital flexor tendon (n = 9) and the DDFT (n = 2). The AL‐DDFT had low to intermediate signal intensity in most limbs in most high‐field and low‐field MRI sequences. In 69% of limbs, oblique bands of higher signal intensity than the rest of the ligament were identified in high‐field images of the AL‐DDFT. The cross‐sectional area of the AL‐DDFT in the proximal 7 cm of the metacarpal region ranged from 68.1–299 mm2. There was no significant relationship between age, gender, weight or height and either the cross‐sectional area of the AL‐DDFT or the presence of oblique higher signal intensity bands. Histological examination revealed that the AL‐DDFT had thick collagen bundles arranged in large crimps and sometimes crossing in oblique directions. The cellularity was greater than in the deep digital flexor tendon in all limbs. Conclusion and potential relevance: The large variability in the MRI appearance and size of the AL‐DDFT in nonlame horses should be borne in mind when interpreting MR images of lame horses. 相似文献
10.
Chad J. Zubrod DVM Kelly D. Farnsworth DVM MS Russell L. Tucker DVM Claude A. Ragle DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(1):11-16
We describe the clinical, imaging, and necropsy findings of two horses with severe injury of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In MR images it was possible to examine the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint from the origin at the middle phalanx to the insertion on the distal phalanx. Both horses in this report had abnormal high signal intensity within the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint, and one horse had abnormal high signal intensity within the bone of the distal phalanx on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T2-weighted imaging sequences. High signal intensity on STIR and T2-weighted images represents abnormal fluid accumulation indicative of inflammation, within ligament, tendon, or bone on these imaging sequences. Abnormalities were confirmed on necropsy in both horses. Injury of the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint should be considered as a source of pain in horses with lameness localized to the foot. 相似文献
11.
van Schie HT Bakker EM Jonker AM van Weeren PR 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(2):210-219
OBJECTIVE: To correlate quantitative analysis of ultrasonographic images of normal (injury-free) equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendons and equine SFD tendons that have pathologic changes with corresponding histologic sections. SAMPLE POPULATION: 4 SDF tendons, 2 of which had various stages of tissue integrity. The 2 ipsilateral tendons were used as points of reference. PROCEDURE: Tendons were mounted in a custom-made device that permitted sequential scanning, transversely and perpendicular to the tendon long axis. At precise steps of 0.5 mm, transverse ultrasonographic images were collected. Subsequently, tendons were fixed and prepared for histologic examination. The following 8 tissue types were discerned: normal young, normal old, necrotic, early granulation, late granulation, early fibrotic, late fibrotic, and scar tissues. In areas of interest, the corresponding ultrasonographic images were selected for gray level statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared with other tissue types, early-stage granulation tissue was characterized by substantially lower mean gray level and a clearly different histogram. Necrotic tissue had a higher mean gray level, with a virtually normal histogram. In late granulation and early fibrotic tissues, the mean gray level and the histogram could not be discerned from those of normal tendon tissue. The same applied to late fibrotic and scar tissues; mean gray levels were fractionally lower than those of normal tendon tissue with a completely normal histogram. CONCLUSIONS: Although quantification of the transverse ultrasonographic image by use of first-order gray level statistics may be helpful, the method is not sufficiently sensitive to accurately and unequivocally determine the type of tendon tissue. Quantitative analysis should incorporate transverse and longitudinal information. 相似文献
12.
Shauna L. Spurlock DVM MS Gareth H. Spurlock DVM MS Dipl ACVS Staffan Bernstad DVM Per Michanek DVM PhD S. Theodore Chester Jr. PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1999,19(5):338
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high molecular weight (HMW) sodium hyaluronate (Hylartin V) for treatment of acute equine superficial flexor tendinitis. The study was a blinded randomized clinical study with placebo control. The horses included in the study were clinical patients diagnosed with tendinitis based on physical symptoms and ultrasonography, as well as historical information consistent with acute onset. Sixty-three horses were enrolled in the study, but ten were excluded from statistical analysis because they had tendon injuries in more than one leg (seven cases, four horses) or in a hind leg (three cases, three horses).Two (2) ml of sodium hyaluronate (treatment group) or 2 ml of saline (placebo) was given as a single injection into the center of the superficial flexor tendon lesion. All other treatments and exercise recommendations were the same in both groups. The end point of the study was resolution of the ultrasonographic lesion within a six-month period. The results showed that 60% of the horses in the Hylartin V treatment group had their lesions resolved in that time frame, while 24% of the placebo group showed a similar degree of improvement and resolution. It was concluded that the treatment with HMW sodium hyaluronate significantly improves the rate of ultrasonographic resolution as compared with placebo control. 相似文献
13.
Donnelly BP Nixon AJ Haupt JL Dahlgren LA 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(7):1218-1225
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the nucleotide sequence of equine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B and analyze temporal expression of these genes in equine tendon after induced tendinitis injury. Animals-18 mature horses. PROCEDURES: Genes for equine PDGF-A and -B were reverse transcribed and sequenced from synovial tissue mRNA obtained from a 3-year-old horse. Collagenase-induced lesions were created in the tensile region of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 14 horses; 3 horses served as uninjured control animals. Tendons were harvested and total RNA was isolated from experimental horses 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks after collagenase injection. Temporal gene expression for PDGF-A and -B was determined by use of quantitative PCR analysis. RESULTS: Equine PDGF-A shared 83.8% sequence and 87.5% peptide homology with human PDGF-A, with a discrepancy of 70 bp from the human sequence. Equine PDGF-B was similar in length to the human gene, sharing 90.3% and 91.7% nucleotide and peptide identity, respectively. Expression of PDGF-A mRNA in collagenase-induced tendinitis lesions was unchanged, compared with expression for normal control tendon, and remained steady throughout the 24-week study. Expression of PDGF-B mRNA decreased over time, and the expression at 24 weeks was significantly reduced, compared with expression in normal and acutely injured tendon. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injured tendon mounts a minimal constitutive PDGF-A or -B mRNA response. Serial exogenous treatment with either PDGF isoform within the first 2 to 4 weeks after tendon injury may bolster the meager PDGF paracrine-autocrine intrinsic response to injury. 相似文献
14.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein found predominantly in cartilage, but also in tendon, ligament and meniscus. Studies in man have demonstrated that it may be used as a prognostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The present study investigated whether tendon injury contributes to serum and tendon sheath synovial fluid levels of COMP in horses. COMP levels, analysed by competitive ELISA, in the digital sheath synovial fluid were more than 10-fold higher than in the serum. Levels were significantly raised when tendon damage or sepsis was present within the tendon sheath but showed only mild, statistically insignificant, elevation in cases of tenosynovitis alone. COMP concentrations in serum were found to vary with age. Foals (age < or = 1 year) had significantly (P<0.001) higher levels in comparison to older control horses. Total COMP concentrations in an age-matched group with tendinitis were not significantly different from the control group. Measurements of COMP levels in tendon sheath synovial fluid are therefore useful in depicting processes in tendon tissue, while elevated serum levels are likely to be more representative of joint disease than tendinitis. 相似文献
15.
AIM: To determine the effect of polyester (terylene) fibre implants on normal equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon structure. METHODS: Normal forelimb SDF tendons (n=24) of 12 horses were divided into unoperated, sham-operated, and implanted (terylene fibre implant) groups. Horses were assessed for lameness and ultrasonographic changes to SDF tendons at intervals up to 48 weeks post-operatively. After euthanasia, SDF tendons were collected for histological and ultrastructural examination. Histological sections were examined for alcian blue staining intensity, cellularity, fibril bundle alignment, fascicle separation and crimp morphology. Mass-average diameters (MADs) of collagen fibrils were calculated from electron micrographs and compared between treatment groups. RESULTS: Insertion of terylene fibre implants resulted in short-term (8 weeks) lameness in implanted limbs. Ultrasonographically, the implants could be detected in 50% of implanted tendons, but were associated with tendon swelling and the presence of hypoechoic core lesions in 7/8 implanted limbs. There were significant alterations in alcian blue staining, cellularity and crimp morphology in the central fascicles of sham-operated and implanted tendons, and alteration in fibril alignment in the central fascicles of implanted tendons. Unoperated tendons remained histologically normal. MADs of collagen fibrils did not differ between sham-operated, implanted and unoperated limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Both the sham procedure and the insertion of terylene fibre implants led to alterations in tendon structure that persisted for up to 48 weeks. Persistence of disorganised connective tissue at the proximal and distal ends of the terylene fibre implants may predispose implanted tendons to continued risk of injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is unlikely that terylene fibre implants offer any advantage over standard non-surgical treatments for mild to moderate cases of SDF tendonitis in the horse. 相似文献
16.
Mohamed A. Tnibar DMV PhD Joerg A. Auer Dr.Med.Vet. MS Saoussane Bakkali DMV 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(1):44-57
This study was intended to document normal ultrasonographic appearance of the equine shoulder and anatomic landmarks useful in clinical imaging. Both forelimbs of five equine cadavers and both forelimbs of six live adult horses were used. To facilitate understanding of the images, a zoning system assigned to the biceps brachii and to the infraspinatus tendon was developed. Ultrasonography was performed with a real-time B-mode semiportable sector scanner using 7.5- and 5-MHz transducers. On one cadaver limb, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a system at 1.5 Tesla, T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Ultrasonography images were compared to frozen specimens and MRI images to correlate the ultrasonographic findings to the gross anatomy of the shoulder. Ultrasonography allowed easy evaluation of the biceps brachii and the infraspinatus tendon and their bursae, the supraspinatus muscle and tendons, the superficial muscles of the shoulder, and the underlying humerus and scapula. Only the lateral and, partially, the caudal aspects of the humeral head could be visualized with ultrasound. Ultrasonographic appearance, orientation, and anatomic relationships of these structures are described. Ultrasonographic findings correlated well with MRI images and with gross anatomy in the cadavers' limbs. 相似文献
17.
Effect of sodium hyaluronate in collagenase-induced superficial digital flexor tendinitis in horses.
J W Foland G W Trotter B E Powers R H Wrigley F W Smith 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(12):2371-2376
Superficial digital flexor tendinitis was induced in each forelimb of 8 horses by injecting 4,000 U of collagenase into the midmetacarpal region of the tendon. In each horse, each tendon was treated 24 and 96 hours after the collagenase injection with SC injections of sodium hyaluronate (treated limbs) or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl solution (control limbs). Exercise was restricted for the first 3 weeks of the study, and a controlled exercise program was instituted for the remainder of the study. Horses were evaluated clinically for lameness, tendon swelling, and midmetacarpal limb circumference. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed regularly (11 examinations/horse) throughout the study, and all horses were euthanatized 12 weeks after collagenase injections. Tendons from 4 horses were harvested for biomechanical testing, and samples were obtained from tendons from the remaining 4 horses for biochemical analysis of collagen. Samples were obtained from all tendons for microscopic evaluation. Significant differences between treated and control tendons were not noticed in any of the variables examined in live horses, although trends toward less lameness in treated limbs and toward better healing on ultrasonographic examination in control limbs were recorded. Significant differences were not noticed in biomechanical or biochemical evaluations, and the only significant (P < 0.05) microscopic finding was more severe inflammation in tendons from treated limbs. This study did not reveal significant benefits of treatment with sodium hyaluronate outside a synovial sheath on tendon repair in collagenase-induced tendinitis. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2001,21(7):335-340
In the present study, the effects of intralesional injections of beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN-F) was assessed in equine experimental tendinitis. BAPN-F is a lathyrogen which inhibits, crosslinking of collagen, permitting more time for parallel reorientation of the repair tissue. Sixteen two-year-old Arabian horses without health problems were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups: group one was left in box rest, and group two was submitted to controlled exercise during the experiment. Tendinitis was induced with collagenase in the superficial flexor tendon of both forelimbs. Twenty days after the induction of tendinitis, intralesional treatment with BAPN-F was performed and the contralateral limbs received saline. A biopsy was obtained and gross and histopathological analysis was performed on the 150th day of the experiment. The collagen fibrillar alignment pattern in the healing area was better in the BAPN-F group submitted to controlled exercise than in the other group, as observed by sonographic and histopathologic examination. The present results indicate that BAPN-F in combination with controlled loading improved scar remodeling and tendon wound collagen maturation. 相似文献
19.
Asperio RM Marzola P Sbarbati A Osculati F Addis F 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(3):321-325
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the tendon of the deep digital flexor (TDDF) muscle of the forelimb in horses by use of a contrast radiographic agent (gadopentate dimeglumine [Gd-DTPA/Dimeg]) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine the concentration of water protons in the tendons by use of MRI. SAMPLE POPULATION: 8 TDDF harvested from the forelimbs of 6 horse cadavers. PROCEDURE: Examinations were performed on the same portion of each tendon. Tendons were examined by use of two techniques: MRI before and after treatment with Gd-DTPA/Dimeg as well as scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Tendons did not have detectable signal intensity on MRI before treatment with Gd-DTPA/Dimeg; however, intravascular injection of Gd-DTPA/Dimeg allowed evaluation of the internal structure of the tendons Scanning electron microscopy images correlated well with images obtained by use of MRI before and after administration of Gd-DTPA/Dimeg. Localized spectra revealed the concentration of water protons in the TDDF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The techniques used in this study provided information about internal organization of the TDDF in horses. Analysis of results revealed that the best technique involved vascular injection of contrast medium. Results of MRI correlated well with results for scanning electron microscopy. After administration of Gd-DTPA/Dimeg, MRI provided additional information about tendon morphologic characteristics. This technique may be of value for examination of tendons in lame horses. 相似文献
20.
Reasons for performing study: There is limited information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the carpus and proximal metacarpal region of lame horses. Objectives: To document MRI findings in horses with lameness localised to the carpus and/or proximal metacarpal region. Methods: Clinical records of horses that underwent MRI of the carpus and/or proximal metacarpal region at the Animal Health Trust between January 2003 and September 2010 were reviewed. Magnetic resonance images of all horses and available radiographs, ultrasonographic and scintigraphic images were assessed. When possible, MRI findings were related to the results of other diagnostic imaging techniques. Results: Seventy‐two MR studies of 58 lame limbs in 50 horses from a broad range of work disciplines and ages were reviewed. The most commonly detected primary abnormality was decreased signal intensity in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images in the medial aspect of the carpal bones and/or the proximomedial aspect of the metacarpal bones (n = 29). Nine horses had syndesmopathy between the second and third metacarpal bones. In 6 horses the primary abnormalities were identified in the palmar cortex of the third metacarpal bone (McIII). Significant abnormalities of the suspensory ligament (SL) with associated lesions in the adjacent palmar cortex of the McIII were seen in 4 limbs. Ligament and associated osseous abnormalities between the second and third carpal bones and second and third metacarpal bones were detected in 4 limbs. Conclusions and potential relevance: Magnetic resonance imaging enabled diagnosis of a variety of lesions not detected by conventional imaging in horses from a wide range of work disciplines. The distribution of injury types differed considerably from previous studies. 相似文献