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1.
Can-Hong Cheng 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):305-315
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, caused by a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), has resulted in serious damage to kiwifruit industry worldwide. The variability and inheritance of resistance to Psa and fruit characters in a disconnected factorial mating population of diploid Actinidia chinensis Planch were investigated. Significant variation in all characters was found, and this appeared to be under polygenic control. Results indicated the extent and nature of genetic variation in Psa resistance available in our breeding gene pool. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability were moderate-high to high for Psa resistance, fruit weight, dry matter content (DM) and soluble solids contents (SSC), but low for fruit number per vine. The moderate-high heritability for Psa resistance indicated a genetic control of the observed variation, and selection for Psa resistance could be possible. Psa resistance had a high negative genetic correlation with fruit number per vine, but a moderate positive correlation with fruit weight, DM and SSC. The results implied that yield penalty of Psa resistance might exist in kiwifruit. Thus, selection strategies based on Psa resistance need to take account of its negative correlation with fruit number per vine. Male and female parents useful for improving Psa resistance and fruit characters simultaneously were identified. Two full-sib families were outstanding, as they combined high degrees of resistance to Psa with high yield components and reasonable amounts of DM and SSC. 相似文献
2.
Narrow intraspecific variation for sugar content in pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) hinders the development of new pepino cultivars with improved fruit quality. However, some wild related species have
high soluble solids concentration (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA). Generation means analysis was used to estimate genetic
parameters for SSC, TA and ascorbic acid concentration (AAC) in two families of interspecific crosses between a S. muricatum parent (Sm-32) and one accession of each of the wild species Solanum caripense (Sc-4) and Solanum tabanoense (St-1). In both families, the additive effect [d] was the only significant parameter for SSC, the alleles of wild species
contributing positively to increasing SSC values. For TA, genetic effects associated with additivity [d] and dominance [h]
were detected in both families. Additionally, in Sm-32 × Sc-4
nonallelic interactions associated with dominance ([j] and [l]) were significant. For this trait, alleles from the wild species
contribute additively to a high value of the character, but are recessive to those of the cultivated S. muricatum. No genetic variation was found for AAC. Broad-sense heritabilities for SSC and TA were intermediate (0.40 to 0.50). Positive
significant genetic correlations (around 0.68 in both families) were found between SSC and TA. The results obtained in backcrosses
of interspecific hybrids to S. muricatum, together with the estimates of genetic advance after selection, indicate that recovery of individuals with higher SSC and
TA and adequate SSC/TA ratio can be achieved in a few backcrosses. In conclusion, this work indicates that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense are worthy sources of variation for improving pepino fruit quality.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Akebia trifoliata belongs to the Lardizabalaceae family of flowering plants, has tremendous potential as a new fruit crop for further domestication and commercialization in China. However, the selection of A. trifoliata is extremely limited due to lack of information about basic inheritance of fruit traits. In this study, 11 key fruit characters, including single fruit weight (SFW), fruit length (FL), fruit width (FW), peel thickness (PT), peel weight (PW), soluble solids content (SSC), seed weight (SW), pulp weight (PuW), edible ratio (ER), hundred-grain weight (HGW) and seed number (SN) were evaluated, and genetic parameters were analyzed. The results showed that the 11 tested traits have high repeatability range from 0.87 to 0.95. Correlation analysis showed that SFW was positively correlated with FL, FW, PT, PW and PuW, but negatively correlated with ER. The Smith–Hazel-index based multitrait selection was used to select superior lines. The SH selection index identified superior lines with high SFW and ER, and low SN. Taken together, our results provide important information for domestication and breeding program of Akebia trifoliate. 相似文献
4.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,43(1):102-114
Postharvest temperature and relative humidity (RH) treatments were tested for their capacity to increase the soluble solids content:titratable acidity ratio (SSC:TA ratio) and/or reduce skin puffiness of New Zealand grown ‘Miho’ Satsuma mandarin. Fruit of low SSC:TA (approximately 6.8:1) harvested in 2001 and 2002 were held at 18 or 30 °C at low (approximately 65%) or high (>95%) RH for 3 or 5 days, followed by 2 days at 10 °C (88–92% RH). In 2002, an additional treatment of high and low RH at 10 °C was examined. Treatments at 30 °C, irrespective of RH, resulted in increased SSC:TA ratios in the fruit as a result of a decrease in titratable acidity, largely a decrease in citric acid. There was little effect of temperature on SSC and the levels of individual sugars. There was no significant effect of RH on either TA or SSC. The altered metabolism was also seen in an elevated respiratory CO2 output at 30 °C, but a decreased CO2 output once these fruit were transferred to 10 °C, in comparison with fruit treated at lower temperatures.At 30 °C, weight loss was up to 8.5% after 5 days under low RH, but <4% under high RH. Fruit with >4% weight loss tended to have an unacceptable level of dehydration of the skin. After 5 days at 30 °C and low RH, skin puffiness, quantified from magnetic resonance images taken before and after treatment, was reduced, although fruit tended to have soft skin that could be more prone to damage.It is concluded that short high temperature treatments such as 3–5 days at 30 °C can significantly raise the SSC:TA ratio in Satsuma mandarin through a reduction in TA, and conducting these treatments under a RH >90% minimises the risk of excessive weight loss and softening of the skin. 相似文献
5.
Summary Previous reports on the inheritance of fruit dimensions in Capsicum suggested two contradictory views: independent inheritance of individual dimensions vs inheritance of a shape index, i.e., length/width ratio.The F2 of a cross between parent lines that differed in fruit size and weight but had similar shape indices exhibited intermediate dominance in fruit weight and in fruit width for small size. The correlation between fruit shape (as measured by the length to width ratio) and fruit weight in the F2 was small and not significantly different from zero. The two variables, fruit width and fruit length, accounted for 90% of the variation in fruit weight. Apparently one can select for fruit weight in the F2 independently of fruit shape. 相似文献
6.
7.
架式与负载量对晚红葡萄果实品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以三年生晚红葡萄为试验材料,研究了不同架式及负载量对果实品质的影响。结果表明:立体棚架栽培的果实单粒重、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比等品质指标均高于平棚架和篱架,总酸含量低于二者;立体棚架叶片净光合速率(Pn)极显著高于棚架和篱架(P0.01),并且叶片Pn与果实单粒重、总糖含量呈显著正相关。单粒重与总糖、固酸比呈极显著正相关,与总酸呈显著负相关。总糖与固酸比呈极显著正相关。总酸与固酸比呈极显著负相关。立体棚架保留8～10个/m2新梢对其光能利用和果实品质较适宜。 相似文献
8.
新疆英格尔蟠桃果实发育过程中品质相关因子的变化研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【研究目的】笔者对"英格尔"蟠桃果实发育过程中品质相关因子的变化进行研究,旨在对蟠桃果实的品质调控和适时采收提供相关依据。【方法】以蟠桃品种英格尔为试材,研究了果实发育过程中纵横径、单果鲜重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及抗坏血酸含量的变化。【结果】研究表明：新疆英格尔蟠桃果实发育期为盛花后100-110天;果实发育过程中纵横径的变化与单果鲜重变化趋势一致,呈正相关;可溶性固形物含量前期逐渐升高,至70天后开始平稳下降;此外,抗坏血酸含量在果实发育初期增长迅速,盛花后50天时开始下降至90天后略有回升直至采收,而可滴定酸含量则在整个发育期呈逐渐下降趋势;【结论】由此认为,英格尔蟠桃在新疆乌鲁木齐地区能较好地保持品种特性,果实适宜的采收时期为盛花后100天左右,口感风味较佳。 相似文献
9.
Junji Kimbara Akio Ohyama Hiroshi Chikano Hirotaka Ito Katsutoshi Hosoi Satomi Negoro Koji Miyatake Hirotaka Yamaguchi Tsukasa Nunome Hiroyuki Fukuoka Takeshi Hayashi 《Euphytica》2018,214(11):210
Fruit nutritional and flavor components are important targets for breeding new cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We developed 108 recombinant inbred lines (the K39 RILs) in the F6 generation from a cross between two phenotypically different breeding lines, K03 and K09. A linkage map was constructed using 172 genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers, 3 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, and 2 phenotypic markers. The K39 RIL map consists of 12 linkage groups (LGs) and covers a genetic distance of 1089 cM. We measured the fruit soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), glutamic acid content (GLU), and lycopene content (LYC) of each line in four generations (F6, F8, F10, F11), β-carotene content (CAR) in two generations, and pH in one generation. By composite interval mapping that considered yearly variations in components as non-genetic effects, we detected three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SSC, four for TA, two for CAR, and one each for GLU, LYC, and pH. Among them, we found two QTLs for TA in LGs 6 and 11, those for GLU and LYC were candidates for novel QTLs. QTLs detected in this study were clustered in five LGs, but we observed no apparent trade-off relationships among the QTLs in each LG. Being derived from an intra-specific cross of tomato breeding materials, these QTLs can be used in practical breeding for improving fruit quality with low risk of linkage drag. 相似文献
10.
Analysis of genotypic variation of sugar and acid contents in peaches and nectarines through the Principle Component Analysis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Genotypic variations and correlations were estimated for sugar and acid contents on afresh flesh weight basis in peach and
nectarine genotypes derived from a clone of a wild peach (Prunus davidiana) by three generations of crosses with commercial nectarine varieties. 107genotypes were studied in Avignon (France), 40 in
Gotheron (France), and 18 of them were common to both locations. Considerable variations in sugar and acid contents were found
among genotypes in both locations. Though location significantly affected sucrose, sorbitol and acid contents of the18 common
genotypes, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that genotypic correlations among sugar and acid contents were stable
in both locations. Almost all sugars and acids analysed exhibited positive loadings for the first principal component (PC).
Variations of dry matter content among genotypes only partially explained this general trend as shown by the PCA on a dry
flesh weight basis. Glucose and fructose contents were closely correlated and were similar in amount inmost genotypes, while
fructose content was lower than glucose content in about 12% of the genotypes. A positive but loose relationship was found
between malic and citric acid contents in both locations. Likewise, sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid contents were positively
associated. The first PC could be used as a general flavour component. In addition, three groups of closely associated variables
(fructose and glucose; malic and citric acids; sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid) were detected through PCA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
We estimated genetic and environmental variance components for fruit quality traits (cluster weight, berry weight, soluble
solids content, total sugar content, sugar composition, free acid content, total amino acid content, amino acid composition),
and a functional trait (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content) of three commercial tetraploid table grape cultivars (Kyoho,
Pione, Suiho) grown in Japan over three successive years. ANOVA showed that the effect of genotype was significant (P < 0.05) for all traits except soluble solids content and total sugar content. The effect of the year was significant for
all traits except amino acid composition (γ ratio) and GABA content. The variance of genotype (σ
g
2) was highest for γ ratio (63.6%), high in sugar composition (α ratio, 60.3%) and GABA content (58.8%), and negligible for
soluble solids content (0.0%) and total sugar content (0.0%). The variance of among years (σ
y
2) was very high in soluble solids content (82.8%), high in total sugar content (60.2%) and negligibly small in γ ratio (8.7%)
and GABA content (6.4%). Some effects of genotype × year interaction, among vines within genotypes, and vine × year interaction
were statistically significant, but these components were negligibly small. Except for soluble solids content and total sugar
content, significant varietal differences in the traits were recorded. Variance estimates for each trait provides useful information
for optimal yearly repetition to effectively discriminate genetic differences in fruit quality and functional traits for improving
future tetraploid table grape breeding programs. 相似文献
12.
不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质（果形指数、单果重、可食率）和8项营养物质含量（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比）,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘新疆杏晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。。 相似文献
13.
外源物质叶面喷施对番茄果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究外源性物质叶面喷施对番茄产量、表观性质及有益成分的影响,在温室大棚内种植粉色番茄,研究KCl、Mn2+、脱落酸及三者混合液叶面喷施对番茄果实品质的影响,并测定番茄产量和果实大小,以及番茄红素、可溶性糖、维生素C和有机酸等可溶性固形物的含量差异。结果表明,叶面喷施外源性物质对果实大小和品质具有积极作用,特别在可溶性固形物的含量方面促进作用尤为突出,而喷施三者混合液的处理对果实可溶性固形物含量累积的促进作用最为显著,增量为32.09%。然而,不同外源性物质的喷施对果高、单株产量以及番茄红素、维生素C、有机酸含量影响不显著,而对番茄果实直径、单果重和可溶性糖的积累存在显著差异。 相似文献
14.
Summary Plantain (Musa spp., AAB group) cultivation is threatened by black sigatoka, an airborne fungal (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) leaf spot disease. Several traits in plantains and bananas are mainly affected by major genes. The host resistance response to black sigatoka is under the control of at least three different genes, one major recessive gene bs
1 and two other independent additive alleles. Diploid and tetraploid plantain hybrids were evaluated for bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit circumference. The F1 euploid hybrids were derived from interspecific crosses between the resistant diploid wild banana Calcutta 4 and the susceptible triploid plantain cultivars Obino l'Ewai and Bobby Tannap. Linear and multiple regression models, coefficients of determination, and Durbin-Watson statistics were used to determine the single and combined effects of the major locus for black sigatoka resistance and ploidy on the different traits in the progenies. Differences in yield were mainly due to changes in weight and girth of fruit, which are affected by black sigatoka disease. The combined effect of ploidy and resistance to black sigatoka was partially responsible for the quantitative trait variation in yield. As a result of the gene interaction in the black sigatoka resistance locus bs
1, the partially resistant and less susceptible phenotypes showed higher yield than their more susceptible full sibs. 相似文献
15.
Vernonia galamensis is a wild plant from the family Asteraceae which is endemic to East Africa and has the potential to become a new oil crop for industrial uses. Its seed oil is rich in vernolic acid, a fatty acid of high interest for oleochemical applications. However, a breeding program for Vernonia galamensis cultivars with high seed and oil yields requires knowledge about the genetic variability of traits that influence seed and oil production. This study was undertaken to examine phenotypic and genotypic variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance under selection and interrelationships of agronomic and seed quality traits. A total of 122 Vernonia accessions, 115 collected from different regions of Ethiopia and seven introduced, were grown at two locations in Ethiopia (Alemaya and Babile), in 2001/2002 and were analyzed for 20 traits including phenology, yield, yield components, and seed quality with special emphasis on fatty acid composition. The collections exhibited significant variation for all traits except for days to emergence. Genotypes and locations interacted significantly (P 0.01) for all traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 11% (for days to emergence) up to 79% (for days to maturity). Expected genetic advance was between 1.3% (for days to emergence) and 44.8% (for seed oil yield). Genetic correlation analysis revealed that seed yield per plant is highly and positively correlated with seed weight and head number; highly significant and negative correlations (r = –0.59, –0.82, –0.85, and –0.89) were found between vernolic acid and palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid, respectively. Highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.55, 0.44, and 0.36) were observed between vernolic acid and oil content, meal protein content and seed oil yield, respectively. Path-coefficient analysis indicated seed weight and secondary head number to be the most important components of seed yield per plant. Vernolic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid had positive direct effects and stearic acid had a negative direct effect on oil content. The direct positive effect of oleic acid on oil content was, however, compensated by the negative indirect effects of stearic and vernolic acid resulting in a negative correlation (r = –0.60) between oleic acid and oil content. These observations will support the selection of accessions with high seed and oil yield, high meal protein contents, and high vernolic acid content. 相似文献
16.
不同缺素处理对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在田间条件下,对20年树龄库尔勒香梨设置不同缺素的施肥处理,研究营养元素缺乏胁迫下库尔勒香梨果实品质的变化。结果表明：施肥能明显促进香梨果实的生长发育,提高单果重和产量;改善香梨果实形状,提高香梨红晕果率及果实中还原糖和维生素C的含量;降低香梨果皮厚度、果实硬度及果实中总酸的含量。香梨果皮厚度、果实硬度、单果重和产量的施肥效应N＞K＞P;果形指数、红晕果率及果实中还原糖和维生素C含量的施肥效应K＞P＞N;果实中总酸含量的施肥效应N＞P＞K。 相似文献
17.
金秋梨果实发育中生长速率及主要营养成分的变化 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
通过对金秋梨果实发育过程中果实生长速率、可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物、可食部分和含水量的测定,系统分析了它们在整个生长发育过程中的动态变化。果实生长速率有三个高峰:一个在花后40d,一个在花后82d,一个在花后131d;还原糖与非还原糖含量的变化趋势在花后110d前基本一致,但在花后110d后恰好相反,还原糖含量下降,非还原糖含量上升;有机酸含量在花后124d前逐渐升高,花后124d以后逐渐降低;维生素C含量呈V形的变化曲线,花后96d前逐渐降低,以后逐渐升高;可溶性固形物、可食部分和含水量在果实成熟过程中呈缓慢增长趋势。 相似文献
18.
Sachiko Matsubara 《Euphytica》1984,33(1):113-121
Summary Overcoming self-incompatibility by application of three kinds of plant hormones, sucrose, 3 kinds of amino acids and 2 kinds of vitamines was tested in cvs. Honbashi-taibyo Minowase (H-Mino) and Minowase (Mino) of Raphanus sativus. Effects differed between the cultivars. In H-Mino, BA (100 mg/l) and glutamic acid, folic acid and nicotinic acid (500 mg/l) resulted in higher fruit set and higher number of seeds per pollinated flower. In Mino, BA and NAA (100 mg/l) and glutamic acid and glycine (500 mg/l) induced a high number of seeds per pollinated flower. These chemicals, however, induced parthenocarpic fruit set, especially GA3. From the observation of pollen on stigmas washed with glutamic acid, it appeared that the pollen-tube penetrated into a papilla cell after 1 hour and openings of papillae and detached pollen grains and tubes were found after 2 hours as the result of successful pollentube penetration of papillae. Pollen was heated at 50°C for 30, 45 or 60 minutes, at 60°C for 15, 30 or 45 minutes and at 70°C for 10, 20 or 30 minutes prior to self-pollination. In H-Mino, 60 and 70°C were effective, and expecially 60°C for 15 or 30 minutes resulted a higher percentage fruit set and more seeds per fruit. In Mino, although 50–70°C were effective, the mean number of seeds per pollinated flower was lower than in H-Mino. 相似文献
19.
氮磷钾不同用量及配比对日光温室黄瓜产量和品质的影响 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
在日光温室内,采用无土栽培方式研究了不同氮磷钾用量和配比对黄瓜产量及品质的影响,结果表明：增加氮素的用量和比例可以显著提高黄瓜产量、单株果实数和单果重,适量增氮可显著提高果实可溶性蛋白含量,但进一步加大用量和比例则使之降低,增氮显著降低Vc含量,增加果实的硝酸盐含量,可溶性糖含量有升高趋势,但差异不显著;增磷对黄瓜产量、单株果实数和单果重亦有明显促进作用,对果实可溶性蛋白没有明显影响,大量增磷可以降低果实可溶性糖含量,增磷可明显降低Vc含量,但显著提高果实硝酸盐含量;同时增加氮磷提高黄瓜产量,但果实硝酸盐含量较对照增加95%。增钾没有明显的增产效果,对单株果实数和单果重影响不大,可以增加黄瓜果实的可溶性蛋白含量,显著降低Vc和可溶性糖含量,但相对于增氮、增磷,增钾使Vc下降的幅度较小,显著降低果实硝酸盐含量,且用量和比例越大,效果越明显。 相似文献
20.
Paolo Annicchiarico 《Euphytica》1993,71(1-2):131-141
Summary A set of Ladino white clover ecotypes including the last available landraces and some natural populations collected from old permanent meadows, together with some white clover varieties of various origins, were evaluated as monocultures for dry matter (DM) and seed yield assessed in separate field experiments. Other agronomic traits were also recorded. The best performing variety, Espanso, was significantly outyielded by some ecotypes for DM and seed production. Compared to landraces, natural populations yielded on average far less seed but as much DM and tended towards higher persistence indicating that domestication of the native Ladino at the farm level only improved seed yield of the crop. Natural populations showed, besides lower values of most seed yield components, a distinct canopy architecture characterized by smaller leaves, longer internodes and denser stolons. Seed weight proved the best character discriminating between the two ecotype groups. Significant variation for most traits was found both among landraces, in which it was mostly relatable to differences among provenances, and among natural populations. The relations between the main multivariate patterns of phenotypic variation and a set of environment collecting variables suggested that evolutive adaptation to different agronomic practices was a major determinant of the overall variation found in landraces. Evidence is provided that a relevant part of the variation observed among ecotypes for some important traits could be genetic.Abbreviations DM
dry matter
- DMY
dry matter yield
- NRH
number of ripe heads
- NFH
number of florets per head
- PL
petiole length
- LS
leaf size
- IL
internode length
- NS
number of stolons
- PRO
protein content
- SY
seed yield
- TSW
thousand seed weight
- NSF
number of seeds per floret
- PCA
principal components analysis
- PC
principal component 相似文献