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1.
Fusarium head blight is among the most extensively studied fungal diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals due to its impact on yield and quality, but particularly due to its potential to produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to humans and animals. Since our last comprehensive review on QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection for FHB resistance in wheat in 2009, numerous studies have been conducted to identify, validate or fine-map resistance QTL. The main aim of this review is to update and summarize findings on FHB resistance breeding of wheat published during the last decade. Furthermore, we compiled a user-friendly table listing FHB resistance QTL data providing a valuable resource for further FHB resistance research. The role of morphological and phenological traits on FHB resistance and possible consequences for resistance breeding are discussed. This review concentrates current knowledge on breeding for FHB resistance and suggests strategies to enhance resistance by deploying molecular breeding methods, including marker-assisted and genomic selection. 相似文献
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This paper offers projections of potential effects of climate change on rusts of wheat and how we should factor in a changing
climate when planning for the future management of these diseases. Even though the rusts of wheat have been extensively studied
internationally, there is a paucity of information on the likely effects of a changing climate on the rusts and their influence
on wheat production. Due to the lack of published empirical research we relied on the few published studies of other plant
diseases, our own unpublished work and relevant information from the vast literature on rusts of wheat to prepare this overview.
Three broad areas of potential risks from a changing climate were described: increased loss from wheat rusts, new rust pathotypes
evolving faster and the reduced effectiveness of rust resistances. Increased biomass of wheat crops grown in the presence
of elevated CO2 concentrations and higher temperatures will increase the leaf area available for attack by the pathogen leading to increased
inoculum production. If changed weather conditions were to accelerate the life cycle of a pathogen, the increased inoculum
can lead to severe rust epidemics in many environments. Likewise should the effects of climate change result in more conducive
conditions for rust development there will also be a corresponding increase in the rate of evolution of new pathotypes which
could increase the rate of appearance of new virulences. The effectiveness of some rust resistance genes is influenced by
temperature and crop development stage. Climate change may directly or indirectly influence the effectiveness of some resistance
genes but this can not be ascertained due to a complete lack of knowledge. Since disease resistance breeding is a long term
strategy it is important to determine if any of the important genes may become less effective due to climate change. Studies
must be made to acquire new information on the rust disease triangle to increase the adaptive capacity of wheat under climate
change. Leadership within the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) is needed to broker research on rust evolution and the
durability of resistance under climate change. 相似文献
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小麦是我国以及全球最重要的粮食作物之一。随着人口增长、气候变化和人们对高品质生活的追求,需要培育高产、多抗且优质的小麦品种,确保小麦安全生产和小麦产业健康发展。由于在培育小麦新品种过程中严格持续不断的人工选择,小麦初级基因库已得到充分开发。利用小麦的近缘次级基因库,将传统的育种技术和分子育种技术结合,通过细胞遗传学、分子标记辅助选择和基因工程等方法将小麦近缘种属中的优良基因引入到小麦染色体组中可突破这一育种瓶颈,培育符合当代育种目标的小麦新品种。本文简要介绍了将小麦主要近缘种属及将其蕴含的优良性状和优良外源基因引渗到小麦基因组中的主要技术及特点,重点综述了利用近缘种属优良基因改良小麦抗病性、品质和生长发育等性状的最新研究进展,讨论了目前存在的问题和发展趋势,以期促进小麦近缘种属优良基因的挖掘和新品种培育。 相似文献
4.
由Magnaporthe oryzae引起的麦瘟病是一种毁灭性小麦真菌病害,过去仅在南美流行,可造成10%~100%减产。2016年该病害首次在亚洲出现,给世界小麦生产带来重大潜在威胁。本文对麦瘟病病原生物学与病害流行学、小麦抗性材料筛选、麦瘟病的抗病性机制和综合治理等进行评述,并介绍了该领域国际合作研究的成功经验,以期为国内开展类似工作提供借鉴。尽管我国尚无麦瘟病报道,但南方部分地区为潜在适生区,异常气候可能会导致其在大范围流行,因此需高度警惕。建议与国际麦瘟病协作网合作,尽快开展麦瘟病相关研究,建立对此病害的监测预警和防治关键技术储备体系,以保障我国小麦生产安全。 相似文献
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Lourdes Cardozo Tllez Alice Chavez Nathalia Bobadilla Pastor Prez‐Estigarribia Mohan Kohli 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):62-68
Wheat blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae), produces severe damage to wheat production in South America. It was observed that many resistant cultivars contain the 2NS/2AS translocation from Triticum ventricosum. In this study, we evaluate the presence of the 2NS/2AS translocation in 57 advanced breeding lines and one variety ‘Caninde 1’ from Paraguayan wheat germplasm, using VENTRIUP‐LN2 primers. The germplasm ‘Caninde 1 and 22’ of the breeding lines, found positive for the presence of 2NS/2AS translocation, were inoculated with a single aggressive Magnaporthe pathotype P14‐039, to assess their response to wheat blast infection under controlled conditions. Based on the disease infection score, ten of the breeding lines, ‘Caninde 1’ and ‘Milan’ (positive control), were classified as resistant. Three of the remaining breeding lines were classified as moderately resistant, five as moderately susceptible and other four as susceptible. Our results show that the expression of 2NS/2AS‐based blast resistance is more dependent on genetic background of the inserted germplasm than previously envisioned. 相似文献
6.
稻瘟病是对水稻生产威胁最大的真菌病害,选育抗病水稻品种是防控该病最经济有效的途径。研究表明,聚合多个抗病基因可提高品种的抗性、拓宽抗谱。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pib的‘辽粳9234’和携带抗稻瘟病基因Pita的‘铁粳7号’为亲本,利用常规育种技术与分子标记辅助育种技术相结合从后代中鉴定到聚合抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pib的后代。通过连续3年生产试验和米质分析,鉴定到1个同时具有抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pib的稳定株系A-3,通过辽宁省水稻品种审定,命名为‘铁粳16’。人工接种结果表明‘铁粳16’较其亲本抗谱宽、抗性强。研究结果证实聚合Pita和Pib可提高水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性,可为抗病基因聚合育种提供参考。 相似文献
7.
水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的定位、克隆及育种应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
稻瘟病是一种世界性的水稻病害,抗病品种的培育和种植是控制该病害最为经济有效的方法,而抗病基因的发掘与利用则是抗病育种的基础和核心。本研究就稻瘟病抗病基因的遗传、定位、克隆及育种应用情况进行了概述,介绍了稻瘟病广谱抗原和抗病基因、隐性抗病基因研究的最新进展,指出近一半的抗病基因是通过F2分离群体鉴定的,目前已定位的稻瘟病主效抗病基因超过86个,微效基因约350个,应用图位克隆等方法,20个稻瘟病主效抗病基因和2个微效基因已从不同的水稻品种中被克隆。这些基因的定位和克隆是有效开展稻瘟病抗性分子育种的基础。最后,结合笔者从事水稻稻瘟病抗性遗传的工作实践对稻瘟病抗病基因研究存在的问题进行了分析和展望,相信随着越来越多各类型抗性基因的生产应用,稻瘟病对水稻的危害最终能得到有效的控制。 相似文献
8.
QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat: a review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
During the past decade, numerous studies have been published on molecular mapping of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat. We summarize the relevant findings from 52 quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies, nine research articles on marker-assisted selection and seven on marker-assisted germplasm evaluation. QTL for FHB resistance were found on all wheat chromosomes except chromosome 7D. Some QTL were found in several independent mapping studies indicating that such QTL are stable and therefore useful in breeding programmes. We summarize and update current knowledge on the genetics of FHB resistance in wheat resulting from QTL mapping investigations and review and suggest FHB breeding strategies based on the available information and DNA markers. 相似文献
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水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi35功能性分子标记的开发及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻瘟病是水稻生产上的严重病害,利用抗病基因培育抗病品种是控制稻瘟病最经济而有效的措施。在日本,稻瘟病部分抗性基因Pi35作为广谱持久抗性基因已广泛应用于水稻育种和稻瘟病防治实践。但是,Pi35基因在我国的资源和品种中的分布情况不清,制约了这一重要基因在我国育种实践中的应用,急需开发实用的分子标记,并系统研究该基因在我国的品种及其亲本中的分布情况,为稻瘟病抗性育种服务。本研究通过比对抗、感品种中Pi35等位基因序列,发现一个能检测抗、感病性差异的特异SNP(3780 T),并据此开发了Pi35基因的功能性分子标记Pi35-d CAPS。利用该标记检测了抗源藤系138的衍生品种10份、微核心种质204份和主栽品种67份,结合测序鉴定,确认5份藤系138衍生品种(垦鉴稻3号、垦鉴稻6号、垦稻8号、绥粳3号和龙粳34)及2份微核心种质(粳稻品种抚宁紫皮粳子和籼稻品种细麻线)携带Pi35基因。本研究结果为通过分子育种手段高效利用Pi35基因改良我国水稻(特别是籼稻)品种的稻瘟病抗性提供了手段。 相似文献
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Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is becoming a major disease in many parts of the cereal‐growing regions worldwide. Significant QTL conferring FCR resistance have been reported on 13 of the 21 possible hexaploid wheat chromosomes in wheat and on three of the seven chromosomes in barley. Available results show that host resistance to FCR is not pathogen species‐specific, that resistance QTL have strong additive effect and that both plant height and growth rate affect FCR severity. Further, different loci seem to be responsible for resistances to FCR and Fusarium head blight although both diseases can be caused by the same Fusarium pathogens. Although marker‐assisted selection for FCR resistance has been initiated, the available markers are all derived from QTL mapping, which provides only limited resolution. Further work has to be conducted in developing diagnostic markers before significant progress can be made in deploying marker‐assisted selection as a routine tool to accelerate and improve FCR in breeding programmes. 相似文献
16.
小麦转基因技术及转化功能基因研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦是世界上重要的粮食作物,相对于玉米、水稻等其他禾本科作物,其转基因研究虽然进展比较缓慢,但近几年已逐步取得了一些可喜进展。通过对小麦转基因尝试的不同方法的总结,如花粉管通道法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等,分析了各方法的优缺点,同时介绍了已向小麦转化的功能基因及其类型,如DREB、LEA等抗逆基因,GNA、Bt等抗病虫基因,aroA、Bar等抗除草剂基因,1Dy10、1Ax1等品质改良基因。在此基础上对小麦转基因技术,特别展望了整株水平上的农杆菌介导的幼穗转化法的前景和策略,以期促进转基因技术的不断提高和在小麦品种改良中的应用。 相似文献
17.
鲁麦21慢白粉病抗性基因数目和遗传力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以多年鉴定具有慢白粉抗性的小麦品种鲁麦21和感白粉病品种京双16及其杂交组合F2:3和F2:4代株系200个为材料, 于2005—2007年连续2个生长季, 在北京和安阳两地分别进行田间病害鉴定, 并采用质量性状和数量性状2种分析方法估算鲁麦21的慢病基因数目和遗传力。结果表明, 在这2个群体中至少存在4对抗性基因, 其广义遗传力为0.53~0.78。由于出现超亲分离, 因此推测京双16可能贡献1对微效抗病基因, 而鲁麦21至少含有3对慢白粉病抗性基因。 相似文献
18.
J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez P. K. Singh M. Mergoum T. B. Adhikari S. F. Kianian S. Simsek E. M. Elias 《Euphytica》2009,166(2):199-206
Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important foliar disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) worldwide. The combined effects of SNB and tan spot, considered as components of the leaf spotting disease complex,
result in significant damage to wheat production in the northern Great Plains of North America. The main objective of this
study was the genetic analysis of resistance to SNB caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum in tetraploid wheat, and its association with tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 2. The 133 recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICL) developed from the cross LDN/LDN(Dic-5B) were evaluated for SNB
reaction at the seedling stage under greenhouse conditions. Molecular markers were used to map a quantitative trait locus
(QTL) on chromosome 5B, explaining 37.6% of the phenotypic variation in SNB reaction. The location of the QTL was 8.8 cM distal
to the tsn1 locus coding for resistance to P. tritici-repentis race 2. The presence of genes for resistance to both SNB and tan spot in close proximity in tetraploid wheat and the identification
of molecular markers linked to these genes or QTLs will be useful for incorporating resistance to these diseases in wheat
breeding programs. 相似文献
19.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in regions with wet climatic conditions. Improvement of the FHB resistance by developing new varieties requires sound knowledge on the inheritance of resistance. An 8 × 8 diallel analysis was performed to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of resistance to FHB. The F1s and parental lines were evaluated under artificial inoculation at the experimental field of IFA-Tulln, Austria during 2001 and 2002. Disease severity was evaluated by repeated scoring of the percentage of infected spikelets and calculating an area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The analysis of combining ability across two years showed highly significant GCA and non-significant SCA effects indicating the importance of additive genetic components in controlling FHB resistance. The significant GCA-by-year interaction presented the role of environmental factors in influencing the FHB reaction of wheat lines. The comparison of the crosses with low FHB infection and GCA effects of their parents showed that such crosses involved at least one parent with high or average negative GCA effect. The results revealed that it is feasible to use highly or moderately resistant genotypes and conventional breeding methods to achieve genetic improvement of FHB resistance in spring wheat. 相似文献
20.
黑龙江省稻瘟病菌生理小种毒力基因分析与抗病育种策略 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
近年来黑龙江省稻瘟病危害程度加重,给水稻生产造成巨大损失。为了解当地稻瘟病菌生理小种及其毒性基因的组成与分布,有针对性地利用抗性基因,选育抗病品种和使之合理布局,本文利用9个日本鉴别品种、7个中国鉴别品种、31个抗稻瘟病单基因系及12个当地主栽品种,对2006年采自该省主要积温区不同水稻品种的173个稻瘟病菌株进行致病性测定。结果鉴定出55个日本小种,优势小种为017、077、037、377和047,总频率为42.29%。鉴别力比较结果证实日本鉴别品种比中国鉴别品种更适合于当地稻瘟病菌致病性变异与小种分化研究。在12个主栽品种中,除龙粳14、龙盾104外,其他品种已经或正在丧失对稻瘟病的抗性。Pi9基因在所有积温区对稻瘟病菌株的抗谱都最广(平均94.80%),是当前黑龙江省水稻育种上极有价值的抗性基因;基因Piz-5(CA)、Piz-5(R)、Pita-2(R)、Pita-2(P)、Pi12(t)和Pi20(t)对供试菌株有高于70%的抗谱,也具有较高的利用价值。黑龙江省当前抗稻瘟病育种的策略应该是,在利用抗源龙粳14、龙盾104和Pi9的基础上,通过分子标记辅助选择方法聚合一至多个广谱抗性基因;同时加强对稻瘟病菌种群的监测和新抗源的发掘,有针对性地向主栽品种导入新的抗性基因。 相似文献