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1.
Yuichiro Iida Yasuya Iwadate Masaharu Kubota Fumihiro Terami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(1):84-86
Leaf mold symptoms were found on tomato varieties carrying the Cf-9 resistance gene against Passalora fulva, the causal agent of leaf mold, in Japan in 2008. Disease symptoms and morphological characteristics of the isolates were
similar to those of P. fulva. After inoculating a set of tomato differentials with the isolates, all isolates were identified as race 2.9 of P. fulva, previously unreported. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT Four Erwinia strains, originally isolated in Japan from pear trees with bacterial shoot blight symptoms, were analyzed to determine their genetic relationship with Erwinia amylovora and E. pyrifoliae. When genomes were characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and by comparative groEL sequence analysis, the Japanese Erwinia sp. and South Korean E. pyrifoliae strains were placed in the same group, which was phylogenetically distinct from a group of 15 strains of E. amylovora. Sequencing of the 29,593-bp plasmid pEJ30 from Erwinia strain Ejp556 revealed that this plasmid was nearly identical to plasmid pEP36 from E. pyrifoliae and was closely related to the nontransferable ubiquitous plasmid pEA29 from E. amylovora. Twenty-one presumptive genes and their order in pEP36 were highly conserved in pEJ30; however, transposon Tn5394, which was present in pEP36, was not found in pEJ30. Short-sequence DNA repeats were conserved between pEJ30 and pEP36, and were different from short-sequence repeats in pEA29. Despite base-pair mismatches, primer pairs used in pEA29 polymerase chain reaction assays for E. amylovora amplified plasmid DNA from the Japanese Erwinia Ejp556 and Ejp562. Like E. pyrifoliae and a few strains of E. amylovora, Japanese Erwinia Ejp617 contained plasmids related to E. pyrifoliae ColE1-related plasmid pEP2.6. Based on these genetic analyses, we conclude that the Erwinia pathogen of pear in Japan is closely related to E. pyrifoliae and that both of these pathogens are demonstrably distinct from E. amylovora. 相似文献
3.
To estimate the genetic diversity in 30 isolates ofVerticillium lecanii from aphids, whiteflies, mite and black pine in Japan, including two commercialized strains (Mycotal and Vertalec), DNA polymorphisms
in ribosomal DNA of those isolates were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene of each isolate were analyzed by PCR-RFLP (restriction
fragment length polymorphism). The size of the PCR product from the ITS region was ~ 580 bp in 27 of the isolates. A 600 bp
ITS product was detected in Mycotal and Vertalec. One Japanese isolate produced both the 580 bp and 600 bp products. Enzymatic
digestion of the ITS region with Sau3A I,Msp I,Hae III andRsa I revealed RFLPs that consisted of eight haplotypes. Mycotal and Vertalec were specific haplotypes that differed from other
isolates. The Japanese isolates had a complex relationship with the original host, but we identified several specific haplotypes
common to an aphid origin. Ten distinct IGS haplotypes were detected in the IGS region, some of which were associated with
aphid and whitefly origins. These results suggest that the haplotype of rDNA RFLP analysis can be used for studying genetic
diversity inV. lecanii. 相似文献
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日本于2005年实施的《外来入侵物种法案》将外来物种分为入侵物种（IAS）、未归类物种（UAS）和其他物种三大类进行有针对性的管理，对它们的饲养、种植、储存、运输、养殖、进口或其他处理方式进行管制，建立了可操作性很强的一套实施流程。 相似文献
6.
Shooichi Matsunaka 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(1):10-14
A historical review on rice herbicides in Japan was conducted. Rice cropping patterns (transplantation and flooded or dry‐direct seedings) are described, followed by a comparison of the economics of hand weeding and herbicide use. Changes of herbicide chemicals, formulations and application methods are also described. Weeds resistant even to herbicides designed for use with rice agriculture were found. Mode of action and selectivity mechanism of these herbicides are discussed from the standpoint of fish toxicity, which is especially important in rice culture. Finally, a view for the future is presented. 相似文献
7.
Nobuya Tashiro Seiji Uematsu Youichi Ide Masafumi Matsuzaki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):233-236
A fruit rot, similar to brown rot, occurred on extremely early ripening Satsumas in Saga Prefecture in the early autumn of 1999. A single species of Phytophthora was isolated from the affected fruit. After nonwounding inoculation of healthy fruits of Citrus spp. including Satsuma with the isolated fungus, the fungus was reisolated from fruit with symptoms similar to those in nature. On the basis of its morphology and molecular analysis of the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer regions, the pathogen was identified as P. palmivora. This is the first report of P. palmivora as a causal pathogen of citrus brown rot in Japan. 相似文献
8.
Yukio Harada Shigeo Nakao Masahito Sasaki Yumi Sasaki Yukako Ichihashi Teruo Sano 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(6):297-307
In 1982, an anamorphic fungus in the genus Monilia was first isolated as the causal agent of brown rot disease of Japanese apricot or mume (Prunus mume) in Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Inoculation of flowers, shoots, and fruit of P. mume with the fungus reproduced brown rot disease symptoms similar to those found in nature. The fungus somewhat resembled the colony appearance of Monilinia (anamorph Monilia) laxa, the apricot brown rot fungus, on PSA plates, but it differed from the latter and the other two brown rot fungi, M. fructigena and M. fructicola, in terms of growth rate, temperature optima for mycelial growth and sporulation, morphology and germination pattern of conidia, nuclear number in the conidium, and nucleotide sequences in the ITS region of ribosomal DNA. It is newly described as Monilia mumecola Y. Harada, Y. Sasaki & T. Sano. A key to anamorphic states of four brown rot fungi of fruit trees is provided. 相似文献
9.
Fuji Shin-ichi Mochizuki Tomofumi Okuda Mitsuru Tsuda Shinya Kagiwada Satoshi Sekine Ken-Taro Ugaki Masashi Natsuaki Keiko T. Isogai Masamichi Maoka Tetsuo Takeshita Minoru Yoshikawa Nobuyuki Mise Kazuyuki Sasaya Takahide Kondo Hideki Kubota Kenji Yamaji Yasuyuki Iwanami Toru Ohshima Kazusato Kobayashi Kappei Hataya Tatsuji Sano Teruo Suzuki Nobuhiro 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2022,88(2):105-127
Journal of General Plant Pathology - An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological... 相似文献
10.
The watermark disease of willows was recently identified in Japan for the first time, in the northern island of Hokkaido. During spring and summer, the leaves and branches of affected trees suddenly wilted and some trees died. When affected branches or trunks were cut, a distinct, watery, reddish-brown or brownish-black stained zone (watermark) was seen in the sapwood. The causal bacterium was isolated from the watermark and identified as Erwinia salicis by its bacteriological characteristics. Inoculation tests confirmed its pathogenicity to willows. 相似文献
11.
In epidemiological surveys on Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) in various chrysanthemums cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan, in 2002–2005, approximately 20% of cultivars harbored
CChMVd, including more symptomatic types than nonsymptomatic. Large-flowered cultivars were less frequently infected than
small-flowered and spray types. The number of CChMVd-infected chrysanthemums is increasing, and the disease is found throughout
major chrysanthemum-producing districts. Chrysanthemums infected only with CChMVd, in general, had no noticeable symptoms
of disease. Most of those dually infected with known viruses and/or viroid also had no symptoms characteristic of chlorotic
mottle disease. The lack of noticeable symptoms in major Japanese cultivars may have resulted in the unnoticed spread of the
viroid. 相似文献
12.
Hideo Ishii 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):383-386
Top fruit is grown widely in Japan but the wet climate favours the development of diseases; this, and the demand for blemish-free fruit, necessitates the use of chemical disease control. Many applications of fungicides during the growing season could lead to the development of resistance and this paper presents a brief history, current status and future management of resistance to fungicides with special reference to diseases of apples and Japanese pears. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
13.
Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) was detected in Akita Prefecture, Japan, from chrysanthemums (Dendranthema grandiflorum) with distinct yellow leaf mottling and necrosis. The four clones are 398–399 nucleotides long and are thought to be the symptomatic type based on their UUUC sequence at positions 82–85 in the CChMVd tetraloop.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB181857–AB181860 相似文献
14.
Kenshiro Hamamura 《Weed Biology and Management》2018,18(2):75-91
The history of the development of herbicides for mechanized paddy rice production in Japan can be characterized by a combination of products with several ingredients, by large availability in formulation, and by application methods for labor saving in accordance with natural and social conditions of the country, for instance, around 40% of national land located in hilly and mountainous areas, small size paddy fields consolidated in approximately 0.3 ha on average and so on. As for combination products, one‐shot herbicides that can control both annual and perennial weeds, including grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds, mainly with sulfonylureas have been a major means of rice production since the 1980s. One‐shot herbicides have been improved by using newly developed chemicals with excellent herbicidal efficacy, such as acetolactate synthase (ALS), 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4‐HPPD), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) and very‐long‐chain fatty acid elongase (VLCFAE) inhibitors, and by combining ingredients that are effective against sulfonylurea‐resistant (SU‐R) biotypes of lowland weeds. The latest type of one‐shot herbicides can control noxious species such as Eleocharis kuroguwai as well as other ordinal species. Regarding herbicide formulation, “1 kg granule,” “Jumbo,” “Flowable,” “Diffusion granule” and so on have been developed to save farmers the troubles of applying herbicides. As for application methods, “at‐transplanting application,” “at‐irrigation inlet application” and utilization of radio‐controlled helicopters or boats were put into practical use as labor‐saving technology. As a result, farmers were spared the severe hand‐weeding work under blazing heat during the summer season. Japan Association for Advancement of Phyto‐Regulators (JAPR) have promoted and contributed to the development of herbicides through collaboration with agrochemical companies and research organizations since it was founded in 1964. In this paper, I explain the development progress of herbicide using materials on the mode of action, the trend of one‐shot herbicides, the feature of a labor‐saving formulation and the working hours for weed management in rice production. 相似文献
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Shigenori Ueda Shigeharu Takeuchi Mie Okabayashi Kaoru Hanada Kenta Tomimura Toru Iwanami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(4):319-325
A new isolate of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been identified from tomato plants in Kochi Prefecture in Japan and designated TYLCV-[Tosa]. The complete nucleotide sequence of the isolate was determined and found to consist of 2781 nt. In phylogenetic analyses of entire nucleotide sequences, TYLCV-[Tosa] was delineated as a single branch and was more closely related to TYLCV-[Almeria] than TYLCV isolates Ng, Sz, or Ai reported in Japan, which had spread since 1996. Isolate TYLCV-[Tosa] is suggested to be a newly introduced, novel isolate of TYLCV that dispersed into Kochi Prefecture. In addition, a rapid method using the polymerase chain reaction to separate TYLCV isolates into four genetic groups was established. This method would be useful for reliable diagnosis based on genetic differences among isolates of TYLCV.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB192965 and AB192966 相似文献
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Masaharu Kubota Kazuo Abiko Yukio Yanagisawa Kazufumi Nishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):197-204
Plug seedlings, widely used in cabbage cultivation in Japan, are often infected by seed-borne pathogens, especially the serious
pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Because information on seed infestation is scant in Japan, we investigated fungal infestation in commercial batches of cabbage
seeds produced between 1984 and 2001. A total of 123 lots were divided into six groups by production period (1984–1989, 1994–1998,
and 2001) and by use or nonuse of fungicide. One hundred seeds from each lot were incubated separately on agar at 25°C to
isolate the predominant fungus. Alternaria brassicicola was isolated most frequently, 0%–94% of the seeds depending on seed lot or 6%–21% of the seeds grouped by production period
and fungicide treatment. Thus, the pathogen was isolated even from seeds refrigerated for 17 years. Alternaria brassicicola accounted for 57%–95% of all isolated fungi by the group and was higher on older or fungicide-treated seeds. Seeds that were
not treated with fungicide in lots grouped by production districts in western Japan were infested with A. brassicicola at a rate of over 12%, higher than that in the eastern region (<4%). Infestation was higher in the warmer areas of Japan.
Eighty-five isolates, other than A. brassicicola, produced spots on cabbage cotyledons, although they were not isolated as frequently: less than 5% of seeds by group separated
by production period and fungicide treatment. Most of these isolates were Alternaria alternata. This is the first report on the frequency of fungal infestation of commercial cabbage seeds in Japan. 相似文献
19.
Syuuichi Nekoduka Satoko Kanematsu Kazuaki Tanaka Yukio Harada Teruo Sano 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(3):151-159
In July 2003, a new disease occurred on leaves of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbossum L.) in Iwate, Japan. Leaves initially had brownish spots, which subsequently developed into large lesions with concentric rings, resulting in premature defoliation. Teardrop-shaped conidia infecting leaves were visible by the naked eye as small protuberances in the center of lesions. Star-shaped conidia were sporadically produced on large lesions. The causal fungus was identified as Valdensinia heterodoxa, based on cultural, morphological and genetic studies. Inoculation tests showed that the fungus reproduced lesions on detached young leaves of highbush blueberry. A field survey in 2009 indicated that symptoms initially appeared on the lower leaves of basal shoots in late May, and the disease rapidly progressed on leaves of basal shoots, eventually spreading to lateral shoots from late June to late July. Removal of all basal shoots in late June significantly reduced disease incidence on lateral shoots in late July. 相似文献
20.
Rose yellow mosaic virus, which belongs to the Roymovirus genus in the Potyviridae family, was isolated here in Japan from a rose cultivar, Irish Mist. The full-length genomic sequence was similar to a strain in Minnesota, United States, which was the first ever isolated, with 85% nucleotide and 94% amino acid sequence similarities. Unlike the Minnesota strain, which lacks 220 nt including the 6K1 protein region, the Japanese isolate contains this coding region, which is commonly found in those of the Potyviridae.
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