共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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聚磷酸激酶基因(Polyphosphate kinase gene,ppk)是放线霉菌中的一种影响抗生素合成的全局性负调控因子,阻断该基因能显著提高其次级代谢产物产量。本文利用PCR扩增了刺糖多孢菌中的ppk基因中间片段,经酶切连接技术将其克隆到大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭载体pOJ260上,构建阻断型载体pOJ260-ppk;通过接合转移将该功能质粒导入刺糖多孢菌中,获得了遗传性能稳定的重组菌株S.sp-△ppk。对工程菌株的PCR检测结果显示,ppk基因片段已整合到刺糖多孢菌染色体上并成功阻断了该基因的表达。摇瓶发酵结果显示,工程菌株多杀菌素产量较原始菌株提高了122%。阻断聚磷酸激酶基因的表达对刺糖多孢菌的菌丝形态及生长发育产生了影响,并有效地促进该菌多杀菌素的生物合成。 相似文献
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《中国生物防治学报》2015,(4)
bld D基因是链霉菌中的全局性调控基因,调节菌体的形态分化与次级代谢产物的合成。本研究采用重叠延伸PCR将bld D基因置于红霉素强启动子(Perm E)的控制下克隆至大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭载体p UC-spn上,构建重组载体p UC-spn-Perm E-bld D;通过接合转移将其导入刺糖多孢菌中,获得遗传性能稳定的重组菌株S.spinosa-Bld D。平板培养观察发现,在BHI和TSB平板上,重组菌株的孢子形成受到明显抑制。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株多杀菌素产量相比对照菌株提高了1.35倍。因此,bld D基因的过量表达在一定程度上抑制刺糖多孢菌的孢子形成,并有效促进多杀菌素的生物合成,为研究其他正调控基因的过量表达促进多杀菌素的生物合成奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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为了筛选出高效的除草剂桶混助剂,显著增加噁唑酰草胺药效,减少有效成分用量,以玉米油、花生油、菜籽油、大豆油、葵花籽油、蓖麻油和芝麻油7种植物油为原材料,采用碱催化酯交换原理合成了7种甲酯化植物油,将其按不同比例复配并添加乳化剂后得到了20种桶混助剂;通过温室盆栽法测定了20种助剂对噁唑酰草胺的增效作用。结果表明:当甲酯化植物油助剂的体积分数为喷液量的0.5%时,能显著提高噁唑酰草胺药液在稻稗叶面上的沉积量,沉积量增加范围为11.17%~143.60%;有效降低噁唑酰草胺药液的表面张力和接触角,降低范围分别为9.67%~27.34%和8.72%~65.60%。20种甲酯化植物油助剂对噁唑酰草胺防除稻稗均有一定的增效作用,其中增效作用最显著的为甲酯化植物油助剂JZ-4(配方为:m(甲酯化花生油):m(甲酯化玉米油)=2:1,乳化剂m(OP-7):m(PEG-400):m(ZR-5)=1:1:0.5,含量为甲酯化植物油质量的20%);与未添加助剂的噁唑酰草胺有效剂量120 g/hm^2相比,添加甲酯化植物油助剂JZ-4后,株死亡率提高45.00%,鲜重抑制率提高了25.53%。最后,通过综合分析筛选出对噁唑酰草胺防除稻稗增效作用最好的助剂为甲酯化植物油助剂JZ-4。 相似文献
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《中国生物防治学报》2017,(1)
磷酸甘露酶(PMM)是由manB基因编码的广泛存在于真核生物中的蛋白酶,在糖代谢过程中磷酸-6-甘露糖可在磷酸甘露酶的作用下转化为磷酸-1-甘露糖,与细胞的初级代谢过程及次级代谢产物的合成过程密切相关,可通过对刺糖多孢菌中与初级代谢途径相关的基因进行分析改造,促使多杀菌素的合成显著提高。本研究在刺糖多孢菌基因组中克隆了磷酸甘露酶编码基因manB的部分片段,将其与穿梭载体pOJ260连接,构建了阻断型载体pOJ260-manB。通过接合转移将其导入刺糖多孢菌野生菌中,获得刺糖多孢菌突变菌株S.spinosa-△manB。将突变菌株接种至不同培养基,观察突变菌株与野生菌株的孢子形成情况,发现突变菌株的孢子萌发有所提前,且孢子产生量比野生菌略多;在HPLC上检测多杀菌素的产量发现突变菌株的产量相对于野生菌株提高了180%,这说明manB基因对刺糖多孢菌的生长发育有一定的影响,并对调控多杀菌素的合成具有重要作用。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS，glutamine synthetase）是由GlnA基因编码的生物体中最古老也是最广泛存在的酶，它参与许多生物体中的氮和碳代谢，是生物体氮代谢的关键酶之一，对微生物的生命活动起着重要作用。本文研究了GlnA基因对刺糖多孢菌Saccharopolyspora spinosa的生长发育及次级代谢产物合成的影响，从刺糖多孢菌基因组中克隆了glnA 基因的部分片段，将其与穿梭载体pOJ260连接，构建敲除载体pOJ260-glnA，通过接合转移将其导入刺糖多孢菌野生菌中，获得刺糖多孢菌敲除菌株S.spinosa-△glnA；同时，利用重叠延伸PCR将glnA基因置于红霉素强启动子PermE下，并将融合片段PermE-glnA与穿梭载体pOJ260进行酶切酶连，构建过量表达载体pOJ260-PermE-glnA，通过接合转移将其导入刺糖多孢菌中，获得了刺糖多孢菌过量表达菌株S.spinosa-glnA。表型分析发现，glnA基因的敲除对刺糖多孢菌的菌丝形态、孢子萌发等方面都有显著的抑制作用。HPLC检测分析发现，过量表达菌株中多杀菌素产量相比原始菌株提高到170%；该研究表明glnA基因对刺糖多孢菌的生长发育与多杀菌素的合成有一定的影响，为研究其在链霉菌次级代谢过程中的作用奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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丰加霉素是核苷类抗生素家族中的一员,它在抑制真菌方面表现出很高的活性,在植物病害生物防治领域具有重要的应用潜力。淀粉酶产色链霉菌Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628是丰加霉素的生产菌株之一,但由于野生菌产量较低,难以实现在工业水平进行丰加霉素的发酵生产。通过对代谢途径分析发现,嘌呤回补途径能够影响丰加霉素合成。为了阐明嘌呤回补途径调控基因xdhR对淀粉酶产色链霉菌丰加霉素合成的影响,本研究通过基因敲除技术探究xdhR基因对丰加霉素产量、丰加霉素合成基因簇转录水平、菌丝分化、抑菌效果等方面的影响。摇瓶发酵试验表明,敲除xdhR基因能够显著提高淀粉酶产色链霉菌1628的丰加霉素产量,发酵至96 h时,重组菌中丰加霉素产量达到最高287.8 mg/L,产量较野生菌株提高约114.0%。q PCR试验表明,xdhR基因能够激活嘌呤回补途径基因的转录和丰加霉素合成基因簇基因的转录。同时,xdhR基因能够改变菌落生长形态。xdhR基因敲除菌株发酵液对水稻纹枯病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率分别提高到69.3%和100%。以上结果证明XdhR参与并调控淀粉酶产色链霉菌... 相似文献
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多杀菌素微球制备关键工艺研究:Ⅱ 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以聚乳酸(PLA)为成球材料(壁材)制备了多杀菌素微球。研究了PLA浓度和油/水相体积比对多杀菌素微球制备的影响规律,确定了制备多杀菌素微球的优选配方及工艺条件。制备得到中位径(D50)为12.73 μm、跨距为1.4811、载药量在31%左右、包封率为100.2%、包封产率为89.4%的多杀菌素微球,重复性良好。扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,所得微球为表面较光滑的实心小圆球。差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结果证实,多杀菌素和PLA的确形成了载药微球。室内毒力测定结果表明,自制5%多杀菌素微球悬浮剂与市售2.5%多杀菌素悬浮 剂(菜喜)对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella 2龄幼虫的毒力基本相同,LC50值分别为0.40和0.38 μg/mL。 相似文献
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The effects of five economically important vegetable (seed) oils, peanut, cottonseed, castor, soybean and sunflower, on adult
and immature stages of the sweetpotato whitefly(Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae]) were studied in the laboratory. Irrespective of origin, oil residues had similar effects
on immature stages and adult mortality, and on settling and oviposition deterrence. Trends for 5-h settling, 24-h oviposition
and 24-h survival of adults on treated plants were similar for oils applied at the same concentration range. Settling deterrence
was strong enough to cause adult death due to starvation or dehydration under no-choice conditions, and caused greater mortality
than direct physical toxicity; similar results were obtained when adult survival on oil residues was compared to survival
of starved adults. Adults recovered when transferred from oil-treated to untreated plants. All oils produced similar effects
when sprayed on immatures; the egg and fourth instar (pupa) were the most tolerant stages. The oil concentration required
for significant effects on whitefly mortality and behavior was relatively high (>0.3%) compared with published efficacy data
for synthetic pesticides, and varied to some extent with oil origin. All tested oils were active as direct and residual larvicides.
Peanut oil was the most effective for all tested effects, followed by cottonseed oil, which was significantly less effective
than peanut and castor oils when applied-directly to eggs. Only by this latter parameter was castor oil more effective than
cottonseed oil and similar to peanut oil. As direct sprays to larvae, soybean and sunflower oils resembled castor oils, but
their residues were less effective against all stages. 相似文献
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为明确不同甲酯化植物油助剂对除草剂活性的影响,采用温室盆栽法测定了甲酯化油菜籽油、棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、大豆油、葵花籽油、亚麻籽油和蓖麻油8种甲酯化植物油助剂对磺草酮、莠去津、烟嘧磺隆和精喹禾灵4种常用茎叶处理除草剂防除稗草、反枝苋的影响.结果表明,8种助剂对供试4种除草剂均有不同程度的药效增强作用,其中对磺草酮和莠去津的药效增强幅度大于对烟嘧磺隆和精喹禾灵的药效增强作用,前者为30%～70%,后者则小于20%.相对而言,在供试8种助剂中,以甲酯化油菜籽油、棉籽油和花生油助剂对除草剂的药效增强效果较好,甲酯化玉米油、大豆油和葵花籽油助剂次之,而甲酯化亚麻籽油和蓖麻油助剂对除草剂的药效增强效果较差. 相似文献
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Richard J. Hamilton 《Pest management science》1993,37(2):141-146
The abiogenic and biosynthetic origins of mineral and vegetable oils are contrasted and the importance of soybean, palm, rape seed and sunflower as the major source of fatty acids is highlighted. The cheaper oils derived from animal sources also provide fatty acids. The extraction and refining processes for vegetable oils are explained, the composition of typical vegetable oils is discussed and the importance of the glyceride structure to the physical properties of the oils is emphasised. Stability, volatility and viscosity of vegetable oils are considered. Production of fatty acids by fat-splitting methods and the formation of methyl esters by inter-esterification are outlined. Mineral oil compositions are detailed and their properties explained. 相似文献
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N. W. Moore 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):314-320
Abstract The plant oils groundnut, coconut, mustard, sesame, soybean and rapeseed used as surface protectants at 1, 3 and 5 ml/kg of seed to test their efficacy against C. chinensis on a variety of chickpea resulted in significantly less oviposition on treated than untreated seeds. Least oviposition (34.3 eggs) occurred on seeds treated with mustard oil at 5 ml/kg, less with coconut oil at 5 ml/kg (46.0 eggs) and 3 ml/kg (47.3 eggs). Minimum percentage adult emergence (0.5) occurred from mustard oil‐treated seeds at 5 and 3 ml/kg, followed by groudnut (7.6), soybean (16.7) and rapeseed (6.2) oils used at 1 ml/kg. All the test oils adversely effected hatching and development of embryos, resulting in further population suppression. Seeds showed only 0.5% damage when treated with mustard oil at the rate of 5 and 3 ml/kg, and rapeseed at 5 ml/kg. Oil treatments did not adversely effect seed germination. 相似文献
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核盘菌对油菜、向日葵和大豆的侵染及其致病性分化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对从陕西大荔采集的油菜及其后茬向日葵上的核盘菌和从新疆阿勒泰的向日葵上采集的核盘菌样品进行单菌核分离、培养和纯化,比较其菌丝生长速度、菌丝干重、菌落形态、致病力强弱及菌株的草酸累积等,将两地的核盘菌分成A、B、C三种类型,其中A类来源于陕西大荔的油菜和向日葵,B、C类来源于新疆阿勒泰的向日葵。不同类型核盘菌对于不同寄主的致病力存在着分化现象,A、B类菌株生长正常、菌落均匀旺盛,B类对油菜、向日葵和大豆的致病力较强,草酸产量较高;而A类仅对油菜和向日葵的致病力较强对大豆的致病力很弱,但草酸产量最高。C类菌株生长异常,菌落稀疏不均匀,对3种作物的致病力均弱,草酸产量较低。2001年田问调查亦表明:A类菌株可导致油菜、向日葵菌核病的发生,但未见其使大豆致病,由此提出油菜茬后,不宜种植向日葵,二者应与小麦、玉米等实行较长周期的轮作。本文也同时对各菌株进行了RAPD分析和菌丝体亲和性研究,结果表明,菌株间的遗传多样性表现丰富但未发现与其致病性分化相关。 相似文献
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Oils enhance the efficacy of entomopathogens used as augmentative biological control agents. The effect of cheap and commonly
available various plant oils,viz., sunflower oil, neem oil, pongamia oil, castor oil, gingili oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, and the adhesive stickers laboline
and Triton-X100, onVerticillium lecanii, an entomopathogen recommended for the control of major sucking pests of horticultural importance, was studied. The first
four oils screened, significantly enhanced mycelia growth and conidiation. Gingili oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil and Triton-X100
were found to be poor carriers ofV. lecanii in relation to mycelia growth and conidiation.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2005. 相似文献
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MOHAMMAD HASSAN RASHED MOHASSEL AKBAR ALIVERDI HOSSEIN HAMAMI ESKANDAR ZAND 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(1):57-63
Optimizing the herbicide dose by the addition of adjuvants is an acceptable way to reduce the risk of side-effects from herbicides. Therefore, to detect a suitable adjuvant for diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl against littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor ) and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana ), six dose–response experiments were conducted. The treatments consisted of diclofop-methyl at 0, 112, 225, 450, 675, and 900 g ai ha−1 , cycloxydim at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g ai ha−1 , and clodinafop-propargyl at 0, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 g ai ha−1 with and without the adjuvants of Frigate, olive oil, and castor oil at 0.2% (v/v) in order to control both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils. A comparison between the two vegetable oils revealed that olive oil exerted a greater control of littleseed canarygrass than did the castor oil. In contrast, castor oil exerted a greater control of wild oat than did the olive oil, which can be related to differences in the leaf surface micromorphology of the weeds. 相似文献
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Domenico Rongai Claudio Cerato Luca Lazzeri 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(4):613-619
This study examines the effects of a vegetable fungicide on sugar beet powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae) and cucumber powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum). The formulations consisting of a dispersion of Brassicaceae meal in vegetable or mineral oils on infected leaves of sugar beet, reared in the greenhouse, and of musk melons cultivated
under plastic tunnels, were tested in comparison to each oil taken separately. Both formulations containing Brassicaceae meals, caused 94% of conidia to be distorted while for the untreated group only 2% were distorted. Furthermore, the leaf
area infected by E. betae was 56% for untreated plants and 2.7 and 9.9% respectively, for plants treated with meal containing mineral and vegetable
oil. Vegetable oil considered separately or with Brassicaceae meals showed no phytotoxicity, while the formulations based on mineral oil showed a significantly lower fresh and dry weight
on tomato plants. The low level or absence of phytotoxicity of plants treated with vegetable oil formulations suggests that
to improve the efficacy of powdery mildew control, they could be used mixed with sulphur. The efficiency of the vegetable
formulations in the powdery mildew control observed during these trials encourages further investigation on other parasitic
fungi and foliar pathogens. 相似文献
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为明确全球气候变暖对不同寄主植物上棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera种群发生的影响，通过收集2008—2019年全国范围、华北地区、华东地区、西北地区及华中地区7种寄主植物（小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花、花生、蔬菜和其他粮食作物）上棉铃虫成灾面积及各地区平均温度数据，采用单因素方差分析法及广义线性模型分析不同寄主植物上棉铃虫种群的发生程度。结果显示，玉米、大豆、花生和蔬菜寄主植物上棉铃虫成灾面积显著增加，棉花上棉铃虫成灾面积显著降低。玉米（全国范围、华北地区）、花生（全国范围、华中地区）及蔬菜（华东地区）上棉铃虫成灾面积随着温度距平的升高而显著增加；但棉花上棉铃虫成灾面积随着温度距平的升高而显著降低。如全国范围内，在玉米和花生上，2014—2019年棉铃虫成灾面积均显著高于2008—2013年，其增加比率分别为24.0%和34.3%；在棉花上，2014—2019年棉铃虫成灾面积显著低于2008—2013年，其降低比率为62.0%。表明全球气候变暖显著增加了玉米、花生及蔬菜上棉铃虫成灾面积，而棉花上棉铃虫成灾面积的降低主要受转Bt基因棉花种植的影响。 相似文献