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1.
以植物群系为评价单元,通过相关性检验和主成分分析,从森林生物多样性与群落结构数量特征的众多因子中提取出最重要的健康评价指标,利用层次分析法(AHP法)对中山市常绿针叶林与阔叶林群落结构健康进行综合评价。结果表明:建群种更新苗数、乔木种类、灌木层密度和草本层盖度是影响中山市常绿针叶林群落结构健康最主要的4个因子;5种常绿针叶林群系结构健康得分排序为:湿地松-马尾松林>杉木林>马尾松林>岗松-湿地松林>湿地松林。建群种更新苗数、草本层盖度和乔木株数是影响中山市常绿阔叶林群落结构健康最大的3个因子;8种常绿阔叶林群系结构健康得分排序为:粘木-凹叶红豆林>华鼠刺-粘木-凹叶红豆林>乌榄-樟树林>白颜树-红车林>降真香-白颜树林>荷木-台湾相思林>台湾相思林>银柴-小盘木-红车林。 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2016,(3)
采用野外样地调查与监测法对西藏色季拉山长鞭红景天种群的生境进行研究分析发现,长鞭红景天种群生境主要为4个类型:急尖长苞冷杉林、方枝柏林、硬叶柳灌丛和鳞腺杜鹃灌丛。4个生境中,硬叶柳灌丛内有41种植物,急尖长苞冷杉林内有33种植物,方枝柏林内有29种植物,鳞腺杜鹃灌丛内仅有17种植物。不同生境群落中长鞭红景天种群数量特征各异,重要值排序为鳞腺杜鹃灌丛方枝柏林急尖长苞冷杉林硬叶柳灌丛。4个生境群落中月平均气温排序为急尖长苞冷杉林硬叶柳灌丛方枝柏林鳞腺杜鹃灌丛,平均湿度排序为鳞腺杜鹃灌丛方枝柏林硬叶柳灌丛急尖长苞冷杉林,光照强度排序是急尖长苞冷杉林硬叶柳灌丛鳞腺杜鹃灌丛方枝柏林。不同生境土壤温度排序为硬叶柳灌丛方枝柏林急尖长苞冷杉林鳞腺杜鹃灌丛,而土壤湿度排序为硬叶柳灌丛方枝柏林鳞腺杜鹃灌丛急尖长苞冷杉林。不同生境群落中空气温度、湿度、光照强度,土壤温度、湿度等存在较大差异,对长鞭红景天种群也有相应的影响,结合数据特征来看,鳞腺杜鹃灌丛是其最适生境。 相似文献
3.
秦岭山地濒危植物秦岭冷杉群落结构特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用样方调查法对秦岭山地5个具有代表性分布点的秦岭冷杉群落特征进行研究,结果显示:(1)在调查的15个样地中共有维管植物94种隶属于46科79属,其中蕨类植物1科1属1种。植物的科属组成较为分散,群落垂直结构分层明显,分为乔木层、灌木层及草本层3层,林下草本层优势种不明显。群落生活型谱显示以乔木层、灌木层和草本层在内的高位芽植物占绝对优势,占总数的61.6%。(2)通过对样方中物种重要值的分析,可将5个分布点秦岭冷杉群落划分为4个群丛。(3)对秦岭冷杉种群大小级分析显示,秦岭冷杉幼苗稀少仅占总数的13.5%,成熟林植株占76.9%,整个种群呈现衰退型。 相似文献
4.
《西部林业科学》2015,(6)
采用典型取样的方法,对大亮子河国家森林公园臭冷杉-红松林和以白桦为主的阔叶混交林植被群落物种多样性进行了调查分析。结果表明,在臭冷杉-红松林8块样地内共有维管植物66种,隶属34科56属,阔叶混交林6块样地内共有维管植物77种,隶属33科62属。从不同群落类型同一植被层看,臭冷杉-红松林草本层物种丰富度指数小于阔叶混交林,两种群落类型乔木层和灌木层各物种多样性指数差异不明显;而草本层差异明显,阔叶混交林物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数较高,仅臭冷杉-红松林的Pielou均匀度指数略高。从同一群落类型不同植被层看,两种群落类型的物种丰富度指数与Shannon-wiener多样性指数均表现为草本层乔木层灌木层;Simpson指数均为乔木层灌木层草本层;物种均匀度指数均表现为灌木层高于乔木层和草本层,其中臭冷杉-红松林草本层均匀度指数略高于乔木层,而阔叶混交林中正好相反。 相似文献
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岷江上游人工油松林群落空间结构:物种丰富度和盖度 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在岷江上游油松人工林中调查了1hm^2群落空间垂直结构上的乔木、灌木和草本层的盖度和物种丰富度，以及2个100m长样带上的林窗斑块和油松斑块(冠幅相互连接的油松个体被合并为同一斑块)内部的群落水平结构变化。结果发现：群落的垂直空间结构上，乔木层(油松)盖度与灌木层盖度、林下总盖度(灌木和草本层的盖度和)，以及林下物种丰富度(物种数量)成显著负相关，灌木层盖度与草本层成显著负相关。林下物种丰富度与总盖度呈显著正相关，但在灌木层和草本层内部，物种丰富度与盖度间没有显著相关性。水平空间结构上，随油松斑块增大，斑块内灌木层盖度下降，草本层盖度上升；物种丰富度约在油松斑块直径为12～15m时达到最大。在林窗内部，物种丰富度和灌木层盖度在林窗边缘高于林窗中央，而草本层盖度在林窗边缘较高。考虑到不同斑块大小支持不同物种的生存，岷江上游油松人工林应建立由不同大小的斑块(林窗和油松斑块)组成的镶嵌式群落. 相似文献
7.
《林业实用技术》2016,(12)
采用样带结合样方法,对临泽县平川镇黑河桥北岸、南岸2块样地分别按灌木层、草本层2个层次进行群落植物组成及其物种多样性特征调查,结果表明:该湿地植物群落中,共有高等植物22种,其中灌木层植物4种和草本层植物18种,隶属14科21属。对各群落根据植物重要值进行群落类型划分,可以将黑河桥北岸植物群落类型确定为沙枣+柽柳—假苇拂子茅+芦苇+滨麦群丛,将南岸植物群落类型确定为柽柳+黑果枸杞—滨麦+芦苇群丛。2个植物群落的2种物种丰富度均表现出草本层>灌木层的特点;Shannon-wiener多样性指数在各样地中总的趋势均为草本层>灌木层;Pielou均匀度指数在各层间表现出草本层的均匀度偏低的规律。 相似文献
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为了研究引栽日本冷杉、北美香柏、日本花柏、日本扁柏等外来树种对百山祖自然保护区原生植被植物物种多样性的影响,采用相邻格子样方法对以外来树种为优势种的百山祖主峰植物群落和原生的锅帽尖植物群落进行了野外调查,并对其植物群落的植物物种多样性作了分析比较.结果表明:百山祖主峰自引栽外来树种后,形成了以外来树种为优势种具乔木层、灌木层和草本层的植物群落结构,其各层次物种多样性的次序是灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层;与之相比的锅帽尖原生植物群落没有形成乔木层,其草本层的盖度较高,各层次的植物物种多样性的次序是灌木层＞草本层.两者植物的物种多样性比较是百山祖主峰＞锅帽尖;草本植物的物种丰富度比较是锅帽尖＞百山祖主峰.说明外来树种的引栽提高了引栽点植物群落的木本植物物种多样性,降低了草本植物的物种多样性.值得关注的是随着引种的外来树种树高的增长,林分的郁闭,对本土植物生长所造成的影响性. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献