共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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《内蒙古林业调查设计》2021,44(2)
通过对察右中旗各公园绿地植物组成和植物多样性进行调查,分析各公园乔木、灌木和草本植物的物种丰富度、树种配置复杂程度和个体分配均匀程度,并进行隶属函数综合评价,发现市民广场综合表现最优。 相似文献
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矾矿废弃地生态修复植物种的筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用方差分析及隶属函数等方法对苍南矾矿废弃地引入的18种环境修复植物的生长与生理适应性进行研究.结果表明:新分蘖高生长量在草本种间差异极显著(P＜0.01),冠幅生长量在木本植物间差异极显著(P＜0.01);生理指标(叶绿素含量、SOD和CAT酶活性)在18个植物种间呈现显著差异(P＜0.05),说明不同植物对矾矿废弃地环境的适应性是不同的,进行植物筛选是生态修复的关键和必要环节.综合生长与生理适应性表现,认为美丽胡枝子、新银合欢、构树和香根草是矾矿废弃地生态恢复的适生先锋物种,特别是具有生物固氮能力的美丽胡枝子和新银合欢对废弃土壤中N元素及有机质的积累有积极意义. 相似文献
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《浙江林业科技》2015,(1)
通过完全随机试验,调查并分析了9种处理方法对普陀樟(Cinnamomum japonicum var.chenii)、木荷(Schima superba)、湿地松(Pinus elliottii)3个树种造林成活率、高生长及地径生长等指标的影响,结果表明:不同处理对3个树种造林成活率的影响差异较为显著,而对同一树种成活率的影响差异不显著;不同处理对不同树种高生长量和地径生长量之间差异极显著;选择高生长、地径生长、成活率及造林成本4个指标,利用隶属函数法对普陀樟、木荷、湿地松3个树种在9种处理条件下的造林效益进行综合评价,结果表明对于3个树种施肥100 g、保水剂15 g处理条件下造林综合效益最高。 相似文献
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废弃石灰岩矿山植被恢复方法探讨 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
废弃采石场的植被重建是废弃矿山植被恢复的重要组成部分。围绕创造植物生长所需环境、改善土壤条件、选择适合的植物、重建植物群落等方面对废弃采石场的植被恢复方法进行了探讨。提出建群树种补植法以促进矿山植被恢复演替的进程,从而构建生态功能稳定的森林群落。 相似文献
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生物群落多样性是判断生态系统稳定的重要指标,为了解人工建植对稀土矿废弃地生态系统的影响,以福建省长汀县离子型稀土矿堆浸废弃地为研究对象,利用植被恢复固定监测点,选取植被恢复5、8、11 a废弃地为样点,调查不同恢复年限样地物种种类和数量,分析稀土矿废弃地物种多样性随恢复时间的变化规律。结果表明:随植被恢复年限的增加,前期人工种植的植物逐渐被本土野生植物取代,增加物种以禾本科和菊科植物为主。乔木层、草本层植物种类和数量随恢复年限的增加而增加;随着植被恢复年限的增加,稀土矿废弃地乔木层物种丰富度(Gleason指数、Margalef指数)、Shannon指数逐渐增加,而乔木层、草本层Pielou均匀度指数则呈先增加后下降趋势;植被恢复8与11 a植被相似度最高,其次是植被恢复5与8 a,其中植被恢复11 a与对照样地植被相似度最低;Margalef指数、Simpson指数与Shannon指数呈显著相关。因此,随着植被恢复年限的增加,稀土矿生态退化区植被恢复前期人工干涉效应在逐渐降低,后期演变为自然演替,物种群落结构和种类发生变化,但与当地本土植物群落仍存在一定差异,表明生态退化区植被演替仍处于动态变化阶段。 相似文献
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基于厂矿园林绿化立地条件的特点,阐述了厂矿园林绿化树种选择的原则和各类树种配置比例,并从环境效益、社会效益和经济效益3个方面,对厂矿园林绿化进行了效益评价。 相似文献
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Emerging forests on abandoned land: Puerto Rico’s new forests 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The species composition of forests change continuously as the earth’s biota evolves and adjusts to environmental change. Humans are accelerating the rate of species turnover by moving species around the planet and dramatically changing environmental conditions. Our focus is on new forests in Puerto Rico that emerge naturally on abandoned lands previously converted to agriculture and degraded. These forest stands have combinations of species that are new to the island’s landscapes. New forests exhibit high species dominance during forest establishment, which includes dominance by alien tree species. These alien tree species establish and maintain forest cover, which may facilitate regeneration of native tree species. Landscape analysis and literature review revealed that these emerging stands are highly fragmented (60% were <1 ha in 1991), function as refugia for native organisms, and at 60–80 years old have similar species richness and structural features as native stands of similar age. However, the island’s new forests exhibit important differences from mature native forests on unconverted forestlands. New forests have fewer endemic species and fewer large trees (≥55 cm dbh) than mature native forests; they have higher soil bulk density and lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate aboveground biomass, basal area, and soil carbon more slowly than native forests of similar age. We suggest that new forests will become increasingly prevalent in the biosphere in response to novel environmental conditions introduced to the planet by humans. 相似文献
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Sandra Molina ColónAriel E. Lugo Olga M. Ramos González 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(2):170-177
We report results of new research on (1) community composition of novel subtropical dry forests developing on abandoned pastures and agricultural fields in both private and protected public lands and (2) seed germination and growth rates of plantings of native tree species on degraded soils. We found that novel dry forests were dominated by introduced species, which accounted for 59 percent of the Importance Value (IV) of stands. These forests had high species dominance, with the most dominant species averaging 51 percent of the IV but reaching values as high as 92 percent. The floristic similarity between novel and mature native forests was low (5.6 percent) compared with the similarity among novel forest stands (26 percent). Collectively, the emerging novel forests had relatively high species richness (39 species/1.2 ha). After 45-60 years of growth and development, novel forests lagged mature native forests in basal area, tree density, and species richness, and lagged stands of similar age and past land use inside a protected area. Novel forest stands inside the protected Guánica Forest had higher species richness than those located outside in private lands. Most regeneration was from seed (67 percent of the new stems were single stems). The results from the germination and planting experiment show that seeds of 17 of 21 native tree species germinated in the laboratory and grew successfully in abandoned pastures when planted and watered for a period of 13 months. Our research shows that after the initial invasion and dominance of introduced species on degraded sites, the stands diversify with native species thus evolving towards new forest types with novel species combinations. 相似文献
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Franklin Jennifer A. Zipper Carl E. Burger James A. Skousen Jeffrey G. Jacobs Douglass F. 《New Forests》2012,43(5-6):905-924
Competitive effects of dense herbaceous vegetation (ground cover) can inhibit forest restoration on mine sites. Here we review the evidence of ground cover interactions with planted tree seedlings on coal surface mines of the eastern US, discuss recent research into these interactions, and draw conclusions concerning ground cover management when restoring forests on reclaimed coal mines. Reclaimed mine sites have a high potential to support productive forests, however forest establishment is inhibited by reclamation practices that included soil compaction, and the seeding of competitive ground covers. In the first few years after tree planting, a dense ground cover of grass and legume species commonly seeded on mine sites often affect growth and survival negatively. Herbaceous vegetation providing less extensive and competitive ground coverage may either facilitate or inhibit tree establishment, depending on site conditions. The use of quality planting stock promotes the competitive ability of seedlings by improving nutrient status and the ability to capture available resources. Herbaceous species have contrasting functional characteristics, and thus compete differently with trees for available resources. Negative interactions with trees are more frequently reported for non-native cool-season grasses than for native warm-season grasses, while the effects of legumes change over time. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of tree/ground cover interactions. The development of seeding mixes that can control erosion, facilitate survival and growth of planted trees, and allow establishment by unplanted native species would aid forest restoration on eastern US, coal mines.
相似文献17.
Variation in floristic composition of recovering Baikiaea–Guibourtia–Pterocarpus woodlands was studied in different development stages (from early regrowth to mature woodland) under different land-use systems (protected areas, timber harvesting, pole and firewood collection, and abandoned crop fields), in the Gwayi and Tsholotsho areas in north-western Zimbabwe. A total of 150 nested circular plots were sampled representatively in four different development stages related to the land-use systems. The DBH (stem diameter at 1.3 m above ground level) and tree height were recorded by species for all stems of tree species with DBH ≥ 15 cm in a 30-m-radius plot (0.283 ha) and for trees with DBH 5.0–14.9 cm in a 11.3-m-radius plot (0.04 ha) (both centred around the same midpoint). Stems with DBH < 5 cm were counted by species in an inner sub-plot of 5.65 m (0.01 ha) radius. Tree data (stem DBH ≥ 5 cm) and regeneration data (stem DBH < 5 cm) by stem counts per species per plot, were used separately to run TWINSPAN (TWo-way INdicator SPecies ANalysis) classifications of species assemblages. Importance values were calculated for all tree species per community. Shannon–Wiener diversity indices were calculated for each community and tested for differences using one-way ANOVA in SPSS version 21. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) implemented in the CANOCO ordination software was used to determine the extent of variation amongst the identified communities. The classification identified 12 tree communities and 13 regeneration communities, clustering plots from different land uses together. Baikiaea plurijuga was the most important tree species in all tree communities, except where Combretum collinum, C. apiculatum, Commiphora mossambicensis and Pterocarpus angolensis were dominant. Pterocarpus angolensis showed low importance in most communities, except for communities from undisturbed sites (mostly mature trees) and abandoned fields (mostly young trees). Baikiaea plurijuga was most important in most regeneration communities, except in communities dominated by Baphia massaiensis, C. collinum, C. apiculatum and P. angolensis. Species diversity differed significantly (p < 0.05) amongst tree communities. The DCA ordination showed little variation amongst the communities. The cumulative contribution of environmental factors explaining variation in species composition was 22.6% for tree communities and 26.1% for regeneration communities, suggesting that recovery from disturbance after different land uses may explain more of such variation. 相似文献
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阴香、刨花楠、香叶树和樟树是常见的园林绿化树种,具有较高的观赏价值和经济用途。为阴香、刨花楠、香叶树和樟树苗木的快速繁殖提供理论依据,以阴香、刨花楠、香叶树、樟树的1 a生半木质化枝条为材料,研究不同浓度IBA对其绿枝扦插生根的影响。结果表明,阴香、刨花楠、香叶树和樟树生根能力差异显著,IBA能够显著促进四种樟科植物插穗生根（p<0.05）,但不同树种最适IBA浓度不同。阴香、香叶树和刨花楠插穗生根最适IBA浓度为2000 mg·L-1,生根率分别为84.95%、78.26%和78.16%,根数分别为6.33、1.33和10.17,根长分别为17.90cm、4.42cm和4.32cm。樟树插穗生根最适IBA浓度为3000 mg·L-1,生根率（85.42%）和根数（9.67）达到最大。由隶属函数综合评价得出4个树种生根效果,香叶树的隶属函数均值最大（0.56）,生根效果最好,其次是樟树（0.54）和阴香（0.53）,均值较小的是刨花楠（0.46）,生根效果最差。 相似文献