共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
2.
《西部林业科学》2021,(4)
为深入了解巨柏天然更新基础——土壤种子库,以巨柏稀疏纯林为研究对象,在巨柏主要分布区的雅江中游朗县选择2种地类(台地、坡地)、4个径级(0～10、10～30、30～50 cm和50 cm)每径级选1株共8株巨柏标准木单株进行土壤种子库时空特征调查。结果显示:(1)巨柏土壤种子库中其种子密度较小,平均为299粒/m~2,集中分布在距树干1～5 m和土层0～5 cm深度的范围内,分别占种子库储量的93.4%和89%,种子库的数量随地表覆盖度的增加呈波动增加趋势;(2)不同地类巨柏土壤种子库大小存在显著差异,坡地345.9粒/m~2主要分布在偏西方向;台地种子库密度为252.1粒/m~2,主要分布在偏北方向上;(3)巨柏种子库整体质量较差,有活力的种子仅占21.9%;不同径级巨柏土壤种子库变异系数在54.9%～67.5%之间;(4)两期调查土壤种子库大小差异显著,12月巨柏种子库数量达到稳定期,到翌年5月种子经过了萌发期,种子库密度从平均311.9粒/m~2降到176.4粒/m~2,减少了43.4%。研究表明,环境异质性、地表覆盖物的遮挡均对巨柏种子库产生了重要影响;巨柏种子库较小、失活率较高一定程度上影响了其天然更新基础。 相似文献
3.
章古台固沙林更新造林中天然更新的结合与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辽宁省章古台固沙林经过经营疏伐与块状采伐以后,通风透光条件改善,促进了天然下种更新。天然更新强度,在采伐迹地为690株·hm^-2,人工更新造林地为575株·hm^-2,油松和赤松林下松树为181株·hm^-2,其他树种295株·hm^-2。通过采取保护1年生樟子松幼树越冬,抚育油松、赤松幼树等措施,促进针叶树天然更新。在更新造林中,沙丘下部与丘间低地营造杨树,利用行间天然更新树木形成阔叶树混交林,沙丘中上部营造针叶树,利用行间天然更新灌木,形成乔灌混交林。 相似文献
4.
5.
通过对章古台沙地樟子松、赤松、油松人工林天然更新规律、密度、生长指标的测定及覆盖对其1年生幼苗越冬保存率影响的研究,结果表明：1、种松树人工林更新方式主要为林隙翌新和林缘更新,赤松有林下更新。降水量的大小显著影响天然更新密度和越冬保存率,降水量大的年份天然更新密度大、越冬保存率高。试验地内1年生幼苗天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉樟子松〉油松;自然越冬保存率大小为油松〉赤松〉樟子松。围封区内自然越冬存活下来的2年生以上幼树天然更新的密度大小为赤松〉油松〉樟子松。7年生林缘天然更新3树种生长指标大小分别为树高——赤松〉油松〉樟子松,地径——油松〉樟子松〉赤松,侧枝数和枝条总生长量——油松〉赤松〉樟子松。1年生幼苗经覆盖后越冬保存率远高于未覆盖的,因此应采取覆盖等人工促进措施,保证樟子松、赤松、油松1年生幼苗安全越冬。 相似文献
6.
南亚热带米老排人工林皆伐迹地天然更新研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于南亚热带米老排人工林落种后皆伐迹地的天然更新调查资料,对其皆伐迹地天然更新幼树的树种、起源、数量、空间格局、分布频度和树高结构进行研究,结果表明:(1)皆伐迹地上绝大多数的天然更新树种为米老排树种;(2)在0~10 m空间尺度内,米老排种子更新幼树的分布为聚集分布(P0.01);(3)米老排种子更新幼树的数量和频度,可达到森林天然更新的良级标准,亦符合采伐迹地人工更新成林的验收标准;(4)种子天然更新幼树树高的分布近似正偏山状的weibull密度函数;(5)在米老排人工林皆伐作业后1.5年左右,对采伐迹地天然更新幼树进行间苗定株较为适宜;(6)对米老排人工林适时适地的采用小面积皆伐、非炼山方式清理迹地剩余物、保护和利用迹地天然更新幼树的方式,可有效实现采伐迹地的森林更新。 相似文献
7.
以西南桦人工林与天然林的土壤种子库为研究对象,采用室内萌发法对云南热区的西南桦人工林与天然林下0～10 cm深度的土壤种子库的种子储量及其垂直分布进行了研究。研究结果表明:①西南桦人工林有活力种子储量为2 027粒/m2,天然林有活力种子储量为3 043粒/m2;②西南桦人工林土壤种子库由21科38属的42种植物组成,其中乔木4种,占全部种类的0.69%;灌木16种,占7.70%;多年生草本10种,占14.90%;1 a生草本9种,占73.36%;藤本3种,占3.35%。西南桦天然林土壤种子库由24科43属的49种植物组成,其中乔木6种,占全部种类的10.56%;灌木15种,占18.31%;多年生草本14种,占4.38%;1 a生草本10种,占65.06%;藤本4种,占1.69%;③乔木、灌木的植物数量占总数的比例为天然林>人工林,而草本和藤本为天然林<人工林;④西南桦人工林与天然林土壤种子库有活力种子密度自上而下都呈现下降趋势,0～5 cm种子数量较5～10 cm多。 相似文献
8.
9.
柏木种子雨在8月底开始降落,10月达到顶峰,翌年5月结束,历经9个月左右。整个过程呈单峰曲线,10~11月的种子雨量占全年的67.5%。种子雨时间变化格局差异极显著,而水平空间分布格局没有显著差异。种子雨中柏木种子的年均密度为5 982.2粒.m-2。63.4%的柏木种子直径大于2.5 mm,构成了柏木种子雨的主体。由于这一级别柏木种子的萌发能力较强,因此三峡地区柏木林的更新能力强。柏木林中非柏木种子的种子雨每年主要发生在1月和5月,形成2个高峰,年均种子雨密度为1 842.8粒.m-2。土壤种子库中柏木种子的平均密度为608.8粒.m-2。柏木种子在土壤种子库中垂直分布格局差异极显著。0~2 cm土壤层所分布的柏木种子占种子库中柏木种子的80.49%。其它土壤层次所含有的种子比例很低,且萌发能力较低,因此,柏木林的更新主要依赖于表层土壤种子库的种子。柏木种子在种子库中的水平分布格局虽然随坡位的不同而有所变化,但是差异不显著,表明整个柏木林的更新能力在水平格局上无显著差异。 相似文献
10.
【目的】研究红锥母树种子雨、土壤种子库及幼苗更新的动态,以期探究其更新制约因素及机制。【方法】采用样线法布置种子雨收集器,分别收集2017、2018年的红锥种子雨和落叶,统计分析不同散种期的种子雨密度、质量、总量及落叶量。同时在母树林下的土壤中设置小样方,对枯落物层、0～5 cm腐殖层和5～10 cm土层取样,统计计算土壤种子库密度和完整种子数量,并在室内测定种子千粒质量和发芽能力。2018年5月,在母树的各取样点附近设样方,调查幼苗的更新情况。【结果】1)红锥种子雨从9月中旬持续至12月下旬,集中散种期为10—11月。2017年为种子大年:种子产量高,种子雨密度为(480. 97±11. 61)粒·m~(-2);种子质量好,完整种子数(433. 86±12. 65)粒·m~(-2),占种子雨总量90. 20%±1. 09%。2018年为种子小年:产种量低,种子雨密度为(126. 37±12. 04)粒·m~(-2);种子质量差,完整种子数(45. 54±11. 47)粒·m~(-2),约占种子雨总量36. 04%±0. 95%。2) 2018年4月的土壤种子库主要源于2017年的种子雨,种子库平均密度为(360. 09±10. 43)粒·m~(-2),完整种子数(215. 13±10. 04)粒·m~(-2),占种子库总量的59. 74%±8. 56%。经室内发芽试验测定,种子库中完整种子的发芽率平均为28. 53%±7. 50%。自然萌发前,约(61. 38±18. 57)粒·m~(-2)种子具有发芽能力;将种子埋于林下土壤保存至2019年4月时,发芽率降为2. 85%±0. 86%,约(8. 59±1. 90)粒·m~(-2)种子具发芽力。种子库中63. 79%±3. 55%的种子分布于枯落物层。3)红锥当年生幼苗的更新频度平均为16%,林下更新的78株幼苗仅11株存活。其中,阳坡的母树更新幼苗数量明显大于阴坡,阳坡的幼苗出现频度为40%,阴坡的为0。【结论】红锥种子雨扩散动态与落叶散落过程一致,其种子库垂直空间分布差异显著,其中大部分种子落入枯落物层;种子发芽率及当年生幼苗存活率低,即使在种子大年后仍难以实现幼苗的建成。因此,种子发芽率低及枯落物阻隔等是导致红锥更新不良的主要因素。 相似文献
11.
Native woody species regeneration in exotic tree plantations at Munessa-Shashemene Forest,southern Ethiopia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Regeneration of native woody species was studied in the plantations and the adjacent natural forest at Munessa-Shashemene Forest Project Area, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that tree plantations foster regeneration of native woody species. A total of 60 plots, having 10 × 10 m area each, were studied in monoculture plantations of 4 exotic species (Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus globulus, E. saligna, Pinus patula) and an adjacent natural forest. Ages of the plantations ranged between 9 and 28 years. Soil seed bank analysis was also undertaken from soil samples collected in each of the 60 plots to examine the similarity between the soil seed flora and aboveground vegetation. A total of 56 naturally regenerated woody species were recorded beneath all plantation stands with densities ranging between 2300 and 18650 individuals / ha in different stands. There was a significant difference among plantation stands with regard to understorey density (standard deviation: 4836 ± 1341). Vegetation diversity was assessed through analyses of floristic composition, species richness and abundance. Generally, seedling populations were the most abundant components of the regeneration in most of the plantation stands, forming 68 % of the total regeneration count in all stands. A total of 77 plant species represented by 44 herbs, 13 woody species, 8 grasses and 12 unidentified species were recorded in the soil seed bank from all stands. Similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora was very low implying that the role of soil seed banks is negligible rather dispersal plays an important role in the process of regeneration. These results support the concept that forest plantations can foster the regeneration of native woody species, thereby increasing biological diversity, provided that there are seed sources in the vicinity of the plantations. 相似文献
12.
选择四川省沐川县凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在2004年5月、2004年12月和2005年5月对其林下土壤种子库、种子雨以及种子天然萌发状况等方面进行系统调查及分析研究。结果显示,种子下落前后土壤种子库储量,变动为643.2～889.2粒.m-2,物种和种子密度多年生草本物种均占优势。天然林土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener指数均在2004年5月最大,2004年12月次之,2005年5月最小;Simpson指数却和Shannon-Wiener指数H＇的变化趋势相反;Pielou均匀度指数在2004年12月有所降低,此后又升高。种子均呈明显垂直分布,其中0～2 cm土层种子数量最多,其次是枯枝落叶层,其数量随着土层加深而降低。土壤种子库年输入活力种子142.3粒.m-2,年输出活力种子268.9粒.m-2,动物取食是造成种子损失的主要原因。对照人工林土壤种子库物种和密度均低于天然林地;种子库与地上植被物种相似性系数,人工林较高,而天然次生常绿阔叶林较低。 相似文献
13.
Large scale harvest of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) seeds as a food product in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest of northeastern China poses a serious threat to the sustainability and restoration of this endangered regional ecosystem.Seed collection over past decades greatly reduced the seed bank and subsequent seedling and sapling recruitment,and impacting a wide array of granivorous animals that rely on the pine seeds.We surveyed Korean pine seeds,including solid seeds(SS),insect consumed seeds(ICS) and other(animal) consumed(OCS) kernels,of the seed bank(forest floor and the top 10 cm of mineral soil),the seedlings and saplings from 1 m 2 sample plots in five forest types in Liangshui Nature Reserve(LNR) of the southern Xiao Xing’an Mountains in northeastern China to provide accurate information for assessing the Korean pine regeneration potential.The average number of pine seeds in the seed bank were 11.2 seeds/m 2,9.1 seeds/m 2,4.6 seeds/m 2,1.1 seeds/m 2,and 0.2 seeds/m 2 in Korean pine-basswood forest,mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,mixed conifer-hardwood forest,white birch forests,and oak forests,respectively.In the first three forest types,percentages of SS(potentially viable seeds) were 11.2%,3.5% and 27.8%,respectively.The percentages of ICS(not viable seeds) were consistent at around 35%.The higher but variable percentages of OCS(not viable seeds) indicated high seed predation in these forests.Compared with other studies,we recorded higher percentages of seed damage,probably due to our survey approach and the increased depth of seed bank sampled in our study.Depletion of pine seeds in the seed bank greatly reduced seedling and sapling recruitment.Densities of pine seedlings varied from about 180 trees/ha in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest to about 5,400 trees/ha in the mixed conifer-hardwood forests and showed a high degree of spatial variation.Saplings were rare in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,but ranged in the thousands in other forests.Large scale pine seed harvest has seriously threatened the sustainability of the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest ecosystem.Scaling down the seed harvest or supplemental planting of pine saplings are urgently needed to maintain the health of the existing Korean pine forests and to restore this endangered ecosystem. 相似文献
14.
川西南山地高山栲种群种子雨和地表种子库研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究川西南山地区两个高山栲低密度种群的种子雨模式、种子雨过程中地表种子库动态和种群的幼苗状况,讨论种子产量、种子存留和种子对成苗的贡献.结果表明:1)种子雨持续时间超过2个月,但种子下落的高峰期存在样地间差异;2)该地区高山栲的种子产量很低,种子雨散落的密度不大(2.3～2.8个·m-2).3)在种子雨过程中,地表种子库各组成的动态不同,霉烂种子和萌发种子为零,完好种子和虫蛀种子有轻微的波动,完好种子的存留密度为0.13个·m-2;和它们相反,地表的壳斗和败育种子存在积累效应.4)动物捕食是地表种子损失的主要原因,两种群分别占91.3%和97.83%,地表种子的存留率仅为8.7%和2.17%.5)研究样地的高山栲种群低的种子生产量、地表种子存留率和幼苗建成困难等3个环节都限制了高山栲种群的实生更新. 相似文献
15.
《林业研究》2017,(5)
Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.(Rubiaceae) is an endangered tree species that is native to China.The wild populations of E.henryi have declined rapidly because of its poor natural regeneration,but the actual regeneration processes are not yet understood.In field tracking surveys and experiments in the Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Southeast China to determine the most important stage that affects the regeneration process,seed bank characteristics,seed germination,and seedling growth dynamics were studied in the typical habitats of E.henryi,Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved forests.Results showed that in both P.pubescens and broad-leaved forests,more than 70% of the E.henryi seeds were distributed in moss and litter layers,and few were found in the soil beneath them.However,seed germination in the soil layer was significantly higher than in the moss and litter layers.Seed density,overall seed quality,and germination rate in the broad-leaved forest were significantly higher than in P.pubescens forest.Seed germination was highest in the microsites around the edge of the crown projection area of E.henryi mother trees.The order of survival rate of the seedlings on different ground surfaces was soil mosslitter.In both habitats,the average seed density was 24.9 seeds m~(-2),and the total germination rate was less than 3.5%.However,seedlings developed from only 1% of the germinated seeds,indicating that the seed germination is the most important stage in the natural regeneration of E.henryi. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古土石山区油松林枯落物层水文生态功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究林分密度对土石山区油松林枯落物持水特性的影响,以内蒙古大青山南坡4种不同林分密度的油松林为研究对象,通过样地调查与室内浸水实验相结合的方法,对其枯落物蓄积量以及持水特性等进行研究。结果表明:(1)4种不同密度油松人工林枯落物层厚度范围为1.94~3.85 cm,枯落物储量范围为8.49~19.94 t·hm^-2,厚度与储量均随着林分密度的增大而增大;(2)4种不同密度油松人工林枯落物最大持水量范围为23.82~45.81 t·hm^-2,大小顺序为2564株·hm^-2>3189株·hm^-2>1828株·hm^-2>1473株·hm^-2;最大持水率范围为225.11%~287.16%,大小依次为1473株·hm^-2>1828株·hm^-2>2564株·hm^-2>3189株·hm^-2;(3)不同林分密度枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系:W=aln(t)+b;枯落物持水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系:V=ktn。综上所述,密度为2564株·hm^-2的油松林,其枯落物持水特性表现最好,水源涵养能力最强,建议在相似立地条件下,油松林营建应向此范围调控。 相似文献
17.
R. Scot Duncan 《New Forests》2006,31(2):131-150
The management of successional forests has become an increasingly important tool for tropical forest restoration on disturbed
lands. Successful management depends on understanding factors governing tree recruitment during succession. Recruits can be
on-site propagules surviving disturbance (e.g. saplings) or seeds arriving after disturbance. Among disturbed sites, the importance
of seed arrival from off-site should increase as availability of on-site propagules declines. This study examines how seed
arrival from off-site seemed to influence natural forest regrowth on logged plantations in Uganda. Specifically, the effect
of seed arrival from mammals (determined directly) and birds (determined inferentially) was estimated in two plantations with
high and three plantations with low quantities of saplings surviving logging. In both plantation types, first-year recruitment
seemed to originate from on-site (seed bank and sprouts from damaged trees) and off-site sources (seed-dispersing birds).
Recruitment declined 2–3 years after logging in all plantations despite high densities of seed-dispersing birds. Recruitment
was generally greater in plantations with low initial quantities of on-site propagules, and by 4–6 years forest structure
was similar between plantation types. Recruitment was dominated by bird-dispersed species, rather than mammal- or wind-dispersed
species. Taken together, these results illustrate that disturbed areas with low initial on-site propagule availability have
much potential for forest regrowth. 相似文献