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1989－1990年我们对云南省蜜蜂死肾病进行了调查与研究。该病主要分布在15个县（市），发病率57．5％，病情严重者损失达70－80％，流行高峰期主要在春繁时期（2－4月）。寄主为西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.)。蜂王是主要传染源，淘汰病群蜂王是有效的防治措施，清热解表中草药有一定疗效。 相似文献
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王志 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2004,(3):48-48
蜜蜂的偏集是指外勤蜂受到环境和人为等因素的影响，集中飞入附近其它蜂群，造成群势强弱悬殊的现象，偏集是蜜蜂饲养中经常遇到的问题，如不及时采取相应的措施解决，会严重影响蜂群的正常繁殖．某些群的减弱还会为盗蜂及各种蜜蜂病敌害的侵袭创造条件． 相似文献
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中华蜜蜂（简称中蜂）是原产于我国的优良蜜蜂品种。湖北省的中蜂资源约8万～10万群．集中分布在鄂西山区．恩施自治州约有5万-6万群;其余分布在十堰市、神农架林区和宜昌市、襄樊市、成宁市的山区县。全省活框饲养的中蜂约有5万群,其中恩施自治州2万群．鄂东南的中蜂已全部实行活框饲养。中蜂是我省山区蜂农饲养的主要蜜蜂品种。 相似文献
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韩国东方蜜蜂养蜂场考察纪行 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
很早就知道韩国人喜欢饲养东方蜜蜂，据说全国有养蜂者4万户，其中西蜂饲养者2.2万户，东方蜜蜂饲养者1.8万户；全国饲养蜜蜂120万群，其中西方蜜蜂90万群，东方蜜蜂30万群，东方蜜蜂占蜂群总数的25％。过去来韩访问曾在远处见过东方蜜蜂蜂场，为我们留下了深刻的印象。这次…… 相似文献
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(接上期) 2．1 千方百计延长蜜蜂寿命 蜜蜂寿命缩短，群势就会削弱。反之，蜜蜂寿命延长，有利于维持强群。所以，千方百计延长蜜蜂寿命，是饲养强群的一项十分重要的举措。 国外有资料报道：蜜蜂在冬季可平均存活154天，而夏季只能平均存活32.5天，相差近5倍。确定蜜蜂寿命长短，除与遗传因素有关外，主要是营养因素、劳损因素和病害因素。鉴于此，要延长…… 相似文献
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蜜蜂孢子虫病的防治方法浙江·黄坚蜜蜂孢子虫病是我国近年来发病率较高的急性传染病。它具有传染快，来势猛的特点。蜂群一旦患上了孢子虫病，群势很快衰弱，如不及时对症治疗，蔓延很快，甚至会使全场覆没，造成严重损失。蜜蜂孢子虫病是由蜜蜂微孢子虫引起的。它繁殖快... 相似文献
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多功能生物制剂综合防治蜜蜂疾病中间试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
多功能生物制剂在中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所室内测定对蜜蜂安全 ,对病原微生物有效的基础上于 1998～1999年 ,开展综合防治蜜蜂疾病的试验。参加中试的有吉林、山东、云南、辽宁、新疆、河北、北京等 7个省、市、自治区的 12个县、市 30个蜂场 ,2 74 6群蜜蜂。试验结果表明 ,应用多功能生物制剂防治蜜蜂白垩病效果为 97 4 % ,防治由病毒和螺原体引起的“爬蜂病”效果为 98% ,防治细菌病效果为 10 0 % ,此外 ,该药对蜂螨也有一定防治效果 ,为6 2 5 %～ 70 %。 相似文献
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为了进一步提高胚蛋的利用率和胚蛋表面无菌率,防止胚胎受大肠肝菌和霉菌等病源微生物感染,选择不同的消毒液、不同的消毒方式、不同的消毒时间在种蛋入孵前进行消毒实验,以期找到更适合生产实际的消毒液和消毒方法。结果表明:仅单独使用喷雾的方法进行种蛋消毒并没有达到很好的除菌效果,与甲醛熏蒸30min及消毒液喷雾+甲醛熏蒸试验组的消毒效果相比差异显著(P<0.05),明显低于后两者的消毒效果。各试验组之间的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05),所以在利用率相当的情况下,对胚蛋除菌效果好的消毒液喷雾+甲醛熏蒸40min的除菌效果最好,然后依次是消毒液喷雾+甲醛熏蒸30min的除菌效果、甲醛熏蒸30min的除菌效果、消毒液喷雾+甲醛熏蒸20min的除菌效果、最后是百毒杀喷雾的消毒效果。 相似文献
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食品安全谣言的有效治理需要运用精准思维，实现精准治理。食品安全谣言基于互联网环境产生和传播，具有标签化、视觉化和社交化等特征，传播主体以中老年群体为主。当前，食品安全谣言治理制度与体系建设还存在薄弱环节，食品安全风险短时间难以化解，食品企业主体责任和互联网企业对谣言监管等领域仍存在突出问题。立足食品安全谣言治理体系和制度建设，围绕产生源头、传播媒介、传播主体等领域，统筹协调，精准施策，有助于实现食品安全谣言的精准治理和有效治理。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A hypersensitive inflammatory response, associated with the ingestion of trichostrongylid larvae, is a major cause of diarrhoea and soiling of the breech with faeces in adult Merino sheep ('hypersensitivity scours'). This response is characterised by an infiltration of eosinophils and altered lymphocyte populations in the gut of affected sheep. The objective of this study was to investigate the numbers of Ostertagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus vitrinus infective larvae that were needed to induce diarrhoea in adult Merino sheep grazing improved pastures. METHOD: Sheep from three farms were categorised as either being susceptible, or not susceptible, to hypersensitivity scours, then transported to an experimental farm and grazed on pastures with low numbers of trichostrongylid infective larvae. They were ranked by farm of origin and previous worm egg count, then systematically allocated to one of five dose-rate groups and infected with 0, 2, 4, 10 or 20 x 10(3) trichostrongylid infective larvae per week for 13 weeks. RESULTS: In sheep selected as being susceptible to hypersensitivity scours, the lowest dose rate of infective larvae (2000 per week) was as effective in inducing diarrhoea as the highest dose rate (20,000 per week). In contrast, even the highest larval dose did not induce diarrhoea in sheep selected as not susceptible to hypersensitivity scours. Sheep selected with an increased susceptibility to hypersensitivity scours also had a significantly higher amount of moisture in their faeces at all times except during summer. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent lack of a threshold dose of trichostrongylid infective larvae needed to induce hypersensitivity scours suggests that even improved worm control programs, which substantially decrease the ingestion of larvae, may not be able to reduce the prevalence of hypersensitivity scours or the severity of breech soiling. Controlled-release anthelmintic capsules will control breech soiling but are often not a cost-effective strategy. Thus, genetic selection of less susceptible sheep is probably the best long-term option for the control of hypersensitivity scours, and the assessment of faecal moisture may be a convenient marker of susceptibility to this syndrome. 相似文献
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Jemmeson A 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(2):108-111
OBJECTIVE: To compare oestrus synchronisation using two treatments of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and one of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PG) with a double prostaglandin synchronisation protocol under southern Australian conditions. DESIGN: A clinical trial. PROCEDURE: Eight hundred and forty, seasonally calving, lactating dairy cows within nine herds in the Tallangatta district of northeast Victoria were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. The treatment (GnRH) group received gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin F2 alpha and then a second treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. These cows were inseminated at a fixed time after the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment. Cows in the control (PG) group received two injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha, 14 days apart, and were inseminated according to detected oestrus. RESULTS: The effect of GnRH treatment on first service conception rate (CRS1) and 30 day pregnancy rate (PR30) varied between herd (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02, respectively). A significant difference in CRS1 between treatment (GnRH) and control (PG) groups existed in pooled data from eight of the nine herds (38.1% vs 65.9%, P < 0.001). A significant difference also existed in PR30 between treatment (GnRH) and control (PG) groups in pooled data from eight of the nine herds (64.1% vs 72.4%, P = 0.03). Pregnancy rates after 56 days of mating for both groups were not significantly different (79.8% vs 84.1%, P = 0.13 for treatment (GnRH) and control (PG) groups, respectively). Submission rates (proportion of cows submitted for insemination) for the treatment (GnRH) groups were 100%. There was significant variation in submission rates in the control (PG) groups. CONCLUSION: The GnRH protocol may be of benefit in herds where a poor response to the double prostaglandin program is anticipated. However, in the majority of herds in this trial, the double prostaglandin program achieved better results with fewer inseminations. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同β-受体激动剂添加模式对肉牛血液生化指标和激素水平的影响。选取15头体况良好、体重相近（257.9 kg±33.3 kg）的西门塔尔肉牛,随机分为3组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ组添加莱克多巴胺,添加剂量为670.0 μg/kg体重;试验Ⅱ组添加莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和克伦特罗的混合物,添加剂量分别为223.3、50.0、5.3 μg/kg体重。给药期28 d,停药期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,在给药第28天时,试验Ⅰ组肉牛血浆中游离脂肪酸（FFA）浓度显著降低（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组肉牛血浆中葡萄糖（GLU）和游离脂肪酸浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）;整个试验过程中,除停药第28天时试验Ⅰ组肉牛血浆中胰岛素（INS）水平显著高于对照组外（P<0.05）,β-受体激动剂对各试验组血浆中激素水平均无显著影响（P>0.05）。综合上述试验结果,肉牛血浆中的FFA可作为β-受体激动剂潜在的生物标志物,可通过对其的监测来监管β-受体激动剂在肉牛生产环节中的非法使用。 相似文献
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试验通过研究不同隔栏补饲时间对杜湖杂交羔羊生长性能、羊毛品质和生化指标的影响，以确定最佳的羔羊隔栏补饲时间。选取体重均匀、体况相近的健康公羔180只，分为3组，每组60只，15日龄时开始隔栏补饲，40日龄时结束，Ⅰ组每日隔栏补饲时间为6 h，Ⅱ组从6 h过渡至10 h，Ⅲ组从6 h过渡至12 h。试验开始和结束当天晨饲前对羔羊称重测定其生长性能指标，试验结束当天采集毛样和血样测定羔羊羊毛品质及血清生化等相关指标。结果表明，随着隔栏补饲时间的延长，羔羊表现出平均日增重逐渐增大、采食量下降、料重比减小的趋势，但组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。羔羊体侧部羊毛中有髓毛与无髓毛的比例在不同组间差异显著（P<0.05），有髓毛占比Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组，无髓毛占比Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组，无髓毛比例随隔栏补饲时间的延长而增加，其他羊毛指标组间差异不显著（P>0.05）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组羔羊血清甘油三酯含量显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），Ⅰ和Ⅱ组羔羊血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酐含量显著高于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组肌酸激酶活性显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。综合分析，羔羊15~40日龄与母羊逐渐隔离，随着羔羊隔栏补饲时间的延长，其生长性能得到了提高。隔栏补饲时间最长的Ⅲ组，其平均日增重、料重比及羊毛品质均优于其他组。 相似文献
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Clara Tramuta Daniele Nucera Patrizia Robino Sara Salvarani Patrizia Nebbia 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(1):49-55
In this study, the association between virulence genotypes and phylogenetic groups among Escherichia (E.) coli isolates obtained from pet dogs and cats with cystitis was detected, and fingerprinting methods were used to explore the relationship among strains. Forty uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from dogs (n = 30) and cats (n = 10) in Italy were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of virulence factors and their classification into phylogenetic groups. The same strains were characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)- and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR techniques. We found a high number of virulence factors such as fimbriae A, S fimbriae (sfa) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) significantly associated with phylogenetic group B2. We demonstrated a high correlation between α-hemolysin A and pyelonephritis C, sfa, and cnf1 operons, confirming the presence of pathogenicity islands in these strains. In addition, UPEC belonging to group B2 harboured a greater number of virulence factors than strains from phylogenetic groups A, B1, and D. REP- and ERIC-PCR grouped the UPEC isolates into two major clusters, the former grouping E. coli strains belonging to phylogenetic group B2 and D, the latter grouping those belonging to groups A and B1. Given the significant genetic variability among the UPEC strains found in our study, it can be hypothesized that no specific genotype is responsible for cystitis in cats or dogs. 相似文献
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为探究硒化大蒜多糖对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制的颉颃作用,将336只11日龄非免疫健康罗曼雏鸡随机均分为7组：空白对照组（BC）、免疫对照组（VC）、环磷酰胺对照组（Cy）、sGPS3、sGPS5、sGPS6和药物对照组（APS）,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。BC组和VC组注射0.5 mL生理盐水,其余组均肌肉注射8 mg/mL环磷酰胺0.5 mL,每天1次,连续3 d;14日龄时,除BC组外,其余组均用新城疫疫苗免疫,同时3个硒大蒜化多糖组分别注射0.5 mL浓度为1 mg/mL的sGPS3、sGPS5、sGPS6,APS组肌肉注射黄芪多糖注射液0.5 mL,Cy组、VC组和BC组注射生理盐水0.5 mL,每天1次,连续3 d,28日龄二免。分别于首免后的第7、14、21、28天,每组随机抽取6只罗曼鸡翼静脉采血,分离血清,β-微量法检测血清ND-HI抗体效价、ELISA法检测血清γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素2（IL-2）含量。称量体重后采集胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊组织并称重,计算免疫器官指数。结果显示,各给药组的血清ND-HI抗体效价、血清IFN-γ和IL-2含量、法氏囊指数均显著高于Cy组（P<0.05）;sGPS6组血清抗体效价、IFN-γ含量在28 d,血清IL-2含量在21、28 d均显著高于其余各组（P<0.05）;在免疫后21、28 d,4个给药组中sGPS6组体重、法氏囊指数最高,显著高于其余3个给药组（P<0.05）;在免疫后28 d,4个给药组中sGPS6组胸腺指数、脾脏指数最高,显著高于其余3个给药组（P<0.05）。结果表明,硒化大蒜多糖对环磷酰胺所致的免疫抑制具有颉颃作用,其中sGPS6组的活性最高,可作为新型免疫抑制颉颃剂的候选药。 相似文献
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蒲公英提取物对LPS诱导小鼠乳腺炎的减轻效应及其机制分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在研究蒲公英提取物对内毒素（LPS）诱导小鼠乳腺炎的减轻效应及其机制分析。将小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性组和蒲公英提取物高、中、低剂量组。蒲公英提取物高、中、低剂量组分别按10.0、5.0、2.5 g·kg-1灌胃给药,连续灌胃6 d,2次·d-1,空白组灌胃等体积生理盐水。末次给药1 h后,于小鼠乳房基部分别灌注50 μL 0.2 mg·mL-1 LPS,建立LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎模型,阳性组在建模后6和12 h腹腔注射5 mg·kg-1地塞米松。24 h后取血,分离血清,剥离乳腺组织。ELISA法测定小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的含量,髓过氧化物酶（MPO）试剂盒测定小鼠血清MPO的含量,HE染色观察病理变化,Western blot法测定小鼠乳腺中TLR4蛋白以及NF-κB信号通路和MAPKs信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果显示,蒲公英提取物高、中剂量组对LPS诱导的乳腺炎小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌有极显著抑制作用（P<0.01）,极显著降低小鼠血清中MPO的含量（P<0.01）;蒲公英提取物高、中剂量组能改善LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺组织的病理变化,极显著下调LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺中TLR4、p-IκB、p-p65、p-p38、p-JNK、p-ERK蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。结果表明,蒲公英提取物通过调控NF-κB和MAPKs信号通路对LPS诱导的小鼠乳腺炎有明显减轻作用,为蒲公英的临床开发及应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了评价金石翁芍散对仔猪大肠杆菌病的临床疗效,设立金石翁芍散高、中、低3个剂量组及药物对照组,通过混饲给药方式治疗仔猪大肠杆菌病,进行临床治疗效果比较。结果表明,金石翁芍散对仔猪大肠杆菌病有较好的治疗效果,高剂量组治愈率为91.6%,总有效率为94.4%;中剂量治愈率为88.9%,总有效率为94.4%;低剂量组治愈率为72.2%,总有效率为77.8%。高剂量组、中剂量组在降低死亡率、提高治愈率等方面均优于恩诺沙星可溶性粉（治愈率为72.2%,总有效率为77.8%）。低剂量组的治疗效果低于高、中剂量组;中、高剂量组死亡率、治愈率和总有效率均无显著性差异。 相似文献