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1.
套作大豆高产优质育种的灰色关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《大豆科学》2015,(4)
通过模拟"玉米-大豆"带状套作,采用灰色关联分析法分别分析了高产材料(≥1 500 kg·hm-2)的产量、高蛋白材料(≥50%)的蛋白质含量、高脂肪材料(≥20%)的脂肪含量与农艺性状的相关性。结果表明:3种类型大豆材料中,有6个农艺性状的变异系数都大于10%,特别是高脂肪材料的底荚高、分枝数和单株荚数的变异系数均大于30%,说明通过农艺性状的选择,提高大豆产量、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量的潜力较大。套作下高产材料、高蛋白材料和高脂肪材料与农艺性状的关联顺序分别为:生育期株高分枝数底荚高单株荚数百粒重主茎节数;生育期主茎节数株高底荚高分枝数百粒重单株荚数;生育期底荚高百粒重株高主茎节数分枝数单株荚数。套作下,高产材料的产量与蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.873**),与脂肪含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.709*);高蛋白材料的产量与蛋白质含量、高脂肪材料的产量与脂肪含量相关均不显著。以上结果表明,选择生育期长的品种可提高套作大豆产量、蛋白质及脂肪含量;选择分枝数、单株荚数较多和株高适中的品种可以同时提高套作大豆产量与蛋白质含量;加强对底荚高和百粒重的选择有望提高套作大豆脂肪含量。 相似文献
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应用灰色关联分析法分别分析了黄淮海地区选育且通过审定的高产品种(≥3000 kg·hm-2)的产量、高蛋白品种(≥45%)的蛋白质含量和高脂肪品种(≥22%)的脂肪含量与农艺性状的相关性.结果表明:高产品种、高蛋白品种和高脂肪品种与农艺性状的关联顺序分别为:生育期>单株荚>株高>分枝>百粒重;株高>单株荚>分枝>生育期>百粒重;生育期>分枝>株高>百粒重>单株荚数.高产品种产量与脂肪含量呈极显著正相关(r= 0.95**),与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关(r＝-0.77*);高蛋白品种产量与蛋白质含量、高脂肪品种产量与脂肪含量相关均不显著. 相似文献
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为指导湖北省籽粒型大豆新品种选育，分析了1987—2022年湖北省审定的60份籽粒型大豆品种试验数据，研究审定品种的重要农艺性状、产量、品质性状及抗病性的变化规律与相互关系。结果表明：审定品种的遗传变异中，品质性状变异较小，产量及相关农艺性状变异较大。审定品种的株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重、产量和脂肪含量随年份更替呈上升趋势，全生育期、蛋白质含量呈下降趋势，蛋脂含量的变化趋势不明显。2015—2022年湖北省审定的籽粒型大豆品种对SMV的抗性主要为中间型，在今后育种过程中对SMV抗性的选择仍需加强。相关性分析表明，产量与单株粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.277),单株粒重与有效分枝数和单株荚数呈极显著正相关(r=0.554, 0.646)。因此，在今后湖北省籽粒型大豆品种选育过程中，应着重关注有效分枝数、单株荚数和单株粒重的协同改良，以达到提高产量的目的。 相似文献
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对河南省1985—2012年审定的74个大豆品种的产量、品质及主要农艺性状演变趋势进行分析。结果表明,区域试验平均产量呈上升趋势,蛋白质含量略有下降,脂肪含量略有上升;大豆主要农艺性状的演变是株高增高,单株荚数增多,生育期延长,有效分枝数先增后减,百粒重稍有下降,变化不大。分析表明,河南省当前夏大豆产量水平为2 700 kg/hm2左右,蛋白质含量42%左右,脂肪含量19%~20%;理想株型应是株高在80 cm左右,有效分枝数2个左右,单株荚数50个左右,百粒重18~19 g,生育日数在109 d左右。 相似文献
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山东间作大豆产量与主要农艺性状关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确间作大豆的性状表现,筛选适宜间作的高产、稳产性大豆品种,本研究在玉米大豆间作模式下,对50份大豆材料在两年的产量与11个主要农艺性状进行相关性及灰色关联度分析,并采用GGE双标图法进行品种适应性及稳产性分析。结果表明：50份材料的主要农艺及产量性状的变异系数在6.87%~77.32%,广义遗传力为0.62~0.97,且生育期、营养生长期、百粒重等9个性状的广义遗传力均大于0.8;相关性分析表明,单株产量与茎粗(0.75**)、生育期(0.76**)呈极显著正相关,其次为株高、主茎节数、分枝数、底荚高、营养生长期、百粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数;灰色关联度分析表明,单株产量与各农艺性状的关联顺序为茎粗>生育期>营养生长期>单株荚数>百粒重>底荚高>单株粒数>分枝数>主茎节数>株高>生殖生长期;GGE双标图法表明汾豆79、中作J7018和皖豆30为适宜间作的高产、稳产性较好的品种。 相似文献
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高油大豆杂交F_2代品质性状与农艺性状的通径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择5个高油大豆品种(系)作为亲本,配成4个杂交组合.对杂交F2代进行品质性状与主要农艺性状的相关分析和通径分析.结果表明:脂肪含量与蛋白质含量、主茎节数、单株产量、百粒重呈极显著负相关;蛋白质含量与主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数和单株粒数的相关性达到显著或极显著水平.单株产量与主茎节数、分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重达极显著正相关.单株产量对脂肪含量的直接负效应最大,单株粒数对蛋白质含量的直接负效应最大,单株荚数对蛋脂总量的间接负效应最大,单株粒数对单株产量的直接正效应最大. 相似文献
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黄淮海地区夏大豆农艺性状的遗传变异、相关及主成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄淮海地区87个大豆常规栽培品种为材料,对12个产量相关的农艺性状进行了遗传变异、相关及主成分分析。结果表明:在所有供试品种中,变异系数最大的是有效分枝数,最小的是生育期;亚有限型夏大豆底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重的变异系数(18.38%～27.56%)较大;有限型夏大豆株高、底荚高度、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数(21.02%～28.04%)较大。在亚有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与每荚粒数、单株粒重、百粒重呈极显著正相关,与有效分枝数呈极显著负相关,与生育期呈显著负相关。在有限型夏大豆品种中,产量与茎粗呈极显著正相关,与底荚高度呈显著正相关,与其它农艺性状相关性不显著。亚有限和有限结荚习性的大豆性状主成分分析中,前4个主成分对变异的累计贡献率分别为79.92%和79.50%。对以亚有限和有限型为主的黄淮海地区夏大豆在进行单株选择时,应根据其不同的结荚习性而有所侧重。对于亚有限型品种,应选择株高和生育期适中,有效分枝数较少,而每荚粒数、百粒重均较大的品种。对于有限型品种,应选择茎基部较粗,株高和底荚高度较高,主茎节数较多,单株荚数、单株粒数较多的品种。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献