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本文简要阐述了新型木材防腐剂百菌清（ｃｈｌｏｒｏｔｈａｌｏｎｉｌ）制剂防止木材霉菌、变色菌、木腐菌、土栖白蚁的研究近况，并对我国将来开展百菌清的研究提出了建议好的有以下几种制剂：０．５０％百菌清＋０．５０％ＤＤＡＣ、１．０％百菌清乳剂，０．５０％百菌清＋０．１０％ＩＰＢＣ等，防变色菌效果与１．０％五氯酚钠（ＮａＰＣＰ）相当［５］。２防止木腐菌２．１单一百菌清制剂对木腐菌（Ｐ．ｇｉｇａｎｔｅａ，Ａ．ｖａｉｌａｎｔｉ等）防止效果较好的是１．０％百菌清乳剂，其次是１．０％百菌清可湿性粉剂、０．５０％百菌清乳剂、０．５０％百菌清＋０．５０％ＤＤＡＣ、０．５０％百菌清＋０．１０％ＤＩＴＳ［５］。百菌清防止木材６种褐腐菌及５种白腐菌的效果与ＰＣＰ及ＣＣＡ－Ｃ进行了比较；对Ｎｅｏｌｅｎｔｉｎｕｓｌｅｐｉ－ｄｅｕｓ，Ｔｒａｍｅｔｅｓｖｅｒｓｃｏｌｏｒ菌种，百菌清的抑制效果不及ＰＣＰ；对Ｉｒｐｅｘｌａｃｔｅｕｓ，Ｔｒａｍｅｔｅｓｈｉｓｐｉｄａ菌种，百菌清的抑制效果较ＰＣＰ好；对其它菌种，百菌清的抑制效果与ＰＣＰ相当。对Ｇｌｏｅｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｔｒａｂｅｕｍ、Ｐｏｓｔｉａｐｌａｃｅｎｔａ、Ｃｏｎｉｏｐｈｏｒａｐｕｔｅａｎａ、Ｓｅ 相似文献
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壳聚糖金属配合物的防腐性能 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
壳聚糖金属聚合物 [如壳聚糖铜聚合物 (CCC)和壳聚糖锌配合物 (CZC) ]是壳聚糖和金属盐类反应生成的一种新型有机高分子聚合物。用CCC和CZC与铜铬砷 (CCA)分别处理马尾松和毛白杨边材 ,进行木材防腐试验 ,结果表明 :CCC和CZC对褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌的防腐性能与CCA相比 ,CZC达到最耐腐等级 ,防腐效果接近CCA ,其锌离子临界保持量为 0 780kg·m- 3(腐朽后质量损失 1 18% ) ,但CCC防褐腐效果明显不如CZC ;CCC对白腐菌彩绒革盖菌的防腐性能达到最耐腐等级 ,防腐效果接近CCA ,其铜离子临界保持量为 0 82 4kg·m- 3(腐朽后质量损失2 4 5 % ) ;CZC和氯化锌对白腐菌的防腐效果不明显。 相似文献
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长白落叶松提取物对木材防腐作用的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以长白落叶松心材、边材及树皮为原料,分别用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水5种溶剂对其进行提取,采用滤纸片法研究了不同溶剂提取物分别对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌性能,发现心材的甲醇提取物和丙酮提取物对白腐菌有较好的抑制效果,树皮的水提取物对2种菌都有较好的抑制效果.并研究了这两种提取物在室内对木材的防腐性能,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片观察了木材腐朽后菌丝生长的情况,与常用木材防腐剂酸性铬酸铜(ACC)进行了对比,结果显示:心材的甲醇提取物对白腐菌的抑制效果较好;而树皮的水提取物对褐腐菌抑制效果较好. 相似文献
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以怀槐的心材和树皮为原料,用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水5种溶剂对其进行浸提,得到10种提取物.这10种提取物对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌性能研究表明,怀槐心材的甲醇和丙酮提取物的抑菌性能良好.将心材的甲醇提取物和无机木材防腐剂酸性铬酸铜(ACC)用于对木材的室内防腐实验,根据腐朽后试样的失重率和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的照片观测,得出甲醇提取物对白腐菌的防腐作用较好,对褐腐菌的防腐作用很弱,而ACC对两种菌的防腐作用较强.将心材甲醇提取物和ACC用于对斑马鱼的急性毒性试验,测得两者在24、48和 72 h 的半致死浓度,甲醇提取物分别为16.5、12.7、12.0 mg/L,ACC分别为3.2、2.5、2.0 mg/L;两者的安全质量浓度分别为2.26和 0.46 mg/L. 相似文献
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杨树溃疡病是我国杨树人工林重大的生物灾害,为害越来越严重[1～2].据不完全统计,侵染杨树的病原菌有300多种,为害133个杨树种、杂交种和无性系[3].葡萄座腔菌[Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug ex Fr.)Ces. et de Not.]能危害40个属的阔叶树和5个属的针叶树,几乎遍及全球[1]. 相似文献
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印度记录到的可可病害中,仅发现疫霉病[Phytophthora palmivora(Bult.)Butl.]、炭疽病[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-(Penz.)Sacc;]和果褐腐病(Botryodiplodia theobromae.Pat.)是主要病害。炭疽病产生三种叶部症状(叶枯、叶穿孔和不规则叶斑)以及果腐(幼果、青果)。在所有调查地区均发现叶桔的症状。在喀拉拉邦的Alleppey和Idukki地区以及卡纳塔克邦的Bangalore和Tumkur地区没有观察到叶穿孔的症状。只在卡纳塔克邦的三个地区观察到不规则汗斑。徐Idukki区外，所有地区都发现有果腐。在所调查的101个可可园中，叶桔症状的发生率最高（达78%），其次是叶穿孔症状（42%）和不规则叶斑症状（12%）。调查的可可园中，60%发生果腐。也发现病害症状的类别受种植形式的影响。在重荫蔽情况下叶枯显著；相反，在荫蔽相对小的可可一椰子混种园和纯可可园里通常出现叶穿孔。种植形式与不规则叶斑和果腐的发病率关系不大。在低海拔（0-120米）的可可园，叶片症状和果腐的发生率较高。根据本研究，可以推断可可炭疽病除了不规则叶斑症状外，其余症状已在印度主要可可种植区蔓延，并有可能在最近发生流行。 相似文献
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3种季铵盐木材防腐剂的防腐性能和抗流失性比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以杨木为试材，比较了3种季铵盐木材防腐剂的防腐性能和抗流失性，结果表明，当二癸基二甲基氯化铵（季铵盐-1），二癸基二甲基乙酸铵（季铵盐-2）和二癸基二甲基丙酸铵（季铵盐-3）药剂的保持量分别为3.8,3.8和3.9kg/m^3时，经白腐采绒钳盖菌[Coriolus versicolor(L.exFr.)Quel]腐朽后，试样的质量损失率分别为7.2%,7.9%和7.6%。达到强耐腐等级，另外，二癸基二甲基乙酸铵与木材作用后，对中性和碱惺 溶液性质较为稳定，而二癸基二甲基丙酸铵对酸性溶液较为稳定。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2021,57(2)
【目的】利用漆酶催化氧化碘化物产生碘自由基的特性,将具有杀菌或抑菌作用的活性成分固着于竹材上,提高竹材的防腐性能和抑菌成分的固着性,为木竹材保护和改性提供一种环保、高效的新方法。【方法】以2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)为促进剂,采用不同酶活的漆酶催化碘化竹材,通过14天流失试验和室内耐腐性试验测试流失前后竹材的防腐性能,运用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对防腐竹材的形貌和成分进行表征。【结果】单独碘化钾处理竹材具有一定的防腐效果,但质量损失率均在10%以上。采用不同酶活的漆酶催化碘化竹材可进一步提高竹材防腐性能,酶活0.60 U·mL~(-1)的漆酶催化碘化竹材防腐效果最佳。经白腐菌腐朽3个月后,漆酶催化碘化竹材质量损失率为7.92%,流失试验后防腐竹材质量损失率增至9.85%,仍属于Ⅰ级耐腐。与白腐菌相比,褐腐菌对竹材的降解更严重,未处理竹材质量损失率高达24.95%,酶活0.60 U·mL~(-1)的漆酶催化碘化竹材质量损失率为9.44%,流失试验后防腐竹材质量损失率变化幅度小,增加0.91%,而单独碘化钾处理竹材质量损失率从流失前的14.30%增至15.34%,漆酶催化碘化竹材具有较好的防腐性能和抗流失性能。从SEM可见,未处理竹材腐朽试验后细胞壁出现明显穿孔现象,特别是褐腐菌,部分穿孔连成一片,细胞完整性已严重破坏,而酶活0.60 U·mL~(-1)的漆酶催化碘化竹材菌丝较少,细胞壁结构较完整。XPS分析表明,处理竹材经14天流失试验和3个月耐腐性测试,白腐菌和褐腐菌对其氧化降解程度均不高,漆酶催化碘化竹材不仅能抑制竹材细胞壁遭受白腐菌和褐腐菌降解,而且具有较好的抗流失性。【结论】漆酶催化碘化竹材可提高碘在竹材中的固着性,对白腐菌和褐腐菌具有较好的抵抗力,漆酶催化碘化竹材的耐腐性能高于单独碘化钾处理,是一种抗流失性强、高效且环保的新型竹材防腐技术。 相似文献
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Hertha Von Aufsess 《Forest Pathology》1974,4(4):193-203
Microscopic appearence of wood decomposed by Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cooke . Different stages of decay due to Fomes annosus were studied microscopically. The progress of disintegration is almost the same as that caused by other white rot fungi. Typical features are small zones of enzymatic activity, numerous borcholes of various sizes, and complete dissolution of parts of cellwalls. Pseudoparenchymatous accumulations of mycelium may block tracheids rather like partition walls, and skin-like formations and a great deal of amorphous, or crystalline inclusions may be formed in the lumina of the fibres. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):101-106
Abstract The effect of heat treatment on decay resistance of white birch was evaluated for different incubation periods ranging from 2 to 12 weeks using three species of brown rot and one species of white rot fungus. The results of weight loss tests showed that the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, effectively degraded the untreated wood (73.5%). While the degradation of untreated wood by brown rot fungi species, Gloephyllum trabeum (11.6%) and Conifora puteana (6.2%), was considerably less compared to T. versicolor, the third brown rot fungi studied, Poria placenta, caused an appreciable degradation of the same species (52.4%). The results clearly showed that the heat treatment reduced the effect of fungi attack on white birch. Increasing the heat treatment temperature from 195 to 215°C resulted in reduction of weight loss, consequently, reduction in fungal attack. As an example, the weight loss reductions due to T. versicolor, P. placenta, G. trabeum and C. puteana attack was 62.2%, 71.3%, 89.6% and 100%, respectively, compared to the weight loss of untreated wood when it is heat treated at 215°C. Thus, these results confirmed that the heat treatment increased the biological resistance of white birch. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of various wood composite panels exposed to wood-deteriorating fungi. Five wood-attacking fungi (three mold fungi, one brown rot fungus, one white rot fungus) were inoculated into four types of commercial wood composite panels (plywood, oriented strand board, particleboard, and medium-density fiberboard). One solid wood sample was included as a control. The attacking patterns of the fungi in each panel was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The weight losses due to the exposure were compared. All wood composites were more or less susceptible to all fungi inoculated. The attacking mode of the fungi was highly dependent on the types of wood composite, which had inherently different shapes of voids owing to different shapes and characteristics of the raw furnish materials used. Plywood and medium-density fiberboard showed a large weight loss after an 8-week exposure to decay fungi. Plywood is the most susceptible to white and brown rot fungi. This study indicates that all wood composite panels should undergo careful consideration to prevent fungal deterioration when they are used for exterior and humid interior applications. 相似文献
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Giuliana Deflorio Craig Johnson Siegfried Fink Francis Willis Mathew Robert Schwarze 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008
Development of decay and/or discoloration was assessed in the functional sapwood of one coniferous and three deciduous trees after wounding and artificial inoculation with six wood decay fungi. Living stems of mature Douglas fir, beech, oak, and sycamore trees were wounded in spring 2002 and immediately inoculated with brown, white, and soft rot fungi. Extent of discoloration and decay, wood weight loss, and total phenols in the reaction zone (zone of active response at a dynamic interface between living sapwood and wood colonized by decay fungi) were assessed 16 and 28 months after inoculation. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3):174-184
ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to demonstrate how synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) can be used to better understand the mechanisms of copper tolerance in wood decay fungi. Copper is a major component in commercial wood preservatives as it is toxic to many wood decay fungi. However, certain fungi are copper tolerant and can attack preservative-treated wood, resulting in structural damage to treated wood members. Here we used large-field XFM to visualize six different elements (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) in the mycelia and wood inoculated with four different species of brown rot wood decay fungi. Wood blocks were partially dipped into a solution of copper sulfate, exposed to fungi in malt extract agar petri dish assays for nine weeks, and then imaged and compared to blocks that were partially dipped in water. The blocks were imaged immediately adjacent to an end-matched control that was placed in malt extract agar petri dish assays for 9 weeks, but not exposed to the fungi so that the differences in the elemental distributions could be directly compared. The colonized wood and mycelia were rich in K, Ca, Mn, and Fe; however, the elements and the spatial distribution in the mycelia and wood differed across fungal species. The most interesting results were the maps showing the copper distribution. While three of the four fungi grew on the copper-rich region of the wood, only one species, Fibroporia radiculosa, dramatically reduced the copper concentration in the region of fungal growth. 相似文献
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Hem-fir plywood were exposed to two brown rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta, and one white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, to investigate the effect of fungal decay on mechanical properties of plywood. Results showed that modulus of rupture （MOR） and modulus of elasticity （MOE） of hem-fir plywood declined significantly by inoculating fungi, and weight loss of sample had a modest decrease. The fungi also made a greater effect on MOR than on MOE. Of three fungi, Postia placenta caused a most significant weight loss, and Gloeophyllum trabeum resulted in a largest flexural properties loss. Substantial declines in MOR and MOE of hem-fir plywood were also observed when the plywood samples were stored under wet conditions over 15 weeks, even in the absence of fungal attack. 相似文献
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V. Bucur S. Garros A. Navarrete M. T. de Troya R. Guyonnet 《Wood Science and Technology》1997,31(5):383-389
Summary X-ray microdensitometric analysis was employed for the detection of fungi attack in wood of pine and beech in comparison with the studies of specimen weight loss tests. Two species of fungi were used:Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.:Fr. Murrill) andTrametes versicolor (L.:Fr. Pilat). We select these species to induce typical decay attack mainly on cellulose in pine (brown rot) and mainly on lignin in beech (white rot). The attack was conducted for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months in sterile laboratory conditions. After 5 months all the values of density components decreased. In beech the loss was of about 25% for all components. In pine the decreasing of the earlywood density component was of about 10% and in latewood of about 22%. The corresponding mass density losses, determined by gravimetric method, were approximately 18% for beech and 16% for pine.The authors wish to thank la Région Rhône - Alpes, Lyon, France for the financial support of this research 相似文献
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R. Siepmann 《Forest Pathology》1977,7(5):287-296
Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. and other decay fungi in a Douglas fir stand, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. 40% of the trees in a 40 years old Pseudotsuga menziesii stand showed butt rot. 85 trees were analysed for decay fungi. Fomes annosus, the most frequent fungus, also invaded the sap wood. Factors of the soil favourable to the rot and the possibility of transmission of the most frequent decay fungus, Fomes annosus, from (a) neighbouring spruce stands, (b) from the roots of Scots pine from the previous crop arc discussed. Caniophora puteana was isolated from about 10% of the butt rots. The importance of Calocera viscosa which grew out of the central decay of twelve trees as a decay fungus is still under investigation. 相似文献