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1.
The metallization of hydrogen directly would require pressure in excess of 400 gigapascals (GPa), out of the reach of present experimental techniques. The dense group IVa hydrides attract considerable attention because hydrogen in these compounds is chemically precompressed and a metallic state is expected to be achievable at experimentally accessible pressures. We report the transformation of insulating molecular silane to a metal at 50 GPa, becoming superconducting at a transition temperature of Tc = 17 kelvin at 96 and 120 GPa. The metallic phase has a hexagonal close-packed structure with a high density of atomic hydrogen, creating a three-dimensional conducting network. These experimental findings support the idea of modeling metallic hydrogen with hydrogen-rich alloy. 相似文献
2.
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同摩尔比的WO3复合La2/3Ca1/3MnO3(LCMO)样品,探讨了零场下LCMO样品的阻温关系及在不同磁场下的磁电阻效应.分析了体系在高温区和低温区的导电行为,并在此基础上讨论了磁场对导电机制的影响及起因. 相似文献
3.
Direct electrical transport measurements in a diamond anvil cell provide evidence for the metallization of cesium iodide (CsI) at a pressure of 115 gigapascals. A drop in the temperature dependence of the resistance was found at pressures above 180 gigapascals, indicating that the CsI was superconductive. The superconductivity changed under the influence of a magnetic field to a lower critical temperature and disappeared above 0.3 tesla. The highest critical temperature at which superconductivity was observed was 2 kelvin, and the critical temperature decreased with increasing pressure. 相似文献
4.
The light-induced insulator-metal transition in the "colossal magnetoresistance" compound Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 is shown to generate a well-localized conducting path while the bulk of the sample remains insulating. The path can be visualized through a change of reflectivity that accompanies the phase transition. Its visibility provides a tool for gaining insight into electronic transport in materials with strong magnetic correlations. For example, a conducting path can be generated or removed at an arbitrary position just because of the presence of another path. Such manipulation may be useful in the construction of optical switches. 相似文献
5.
Towle LC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3815):629-631
The shear strength of solid carbon tetrachloride was measured from 187 degrees to 247 degrees K. A 25-percent discontinuity was observed at the solid- solid transition, at about 225 degrees K. This transition exhibited a distinct hysteresis. The shear strength of both the high- and low-temperature forms increased very rapidly as the temperature was lowered. There was no evidence of a rhombohedral high-temperature phase. 相似文献
6.
Wittig J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,155(3763):685-686
The high-pressure metallic phase of aluminunm antimnonide is super conducting [critical temperature T(c) (P approximately 125 kilobars) = 2.8 degrees +/-0.2 degrees K]. This transition temperature is significantly lower than the transition temperature of metallic germanium under an equivalent high pressure. A similar result had been previously found for superconducting indiumantimonide in comparison to tin. 相似文献
7.
Kraemer C Nikseresht N Piatek JO Tsyrulin N Dalla Piazza B Kiefer K Klemke B Rosenbaum TF Aeppli G Gannarelli C Prokes K Podlesnyak A Strässle T Keller L Zaharko O Krämer KW Rønnow HM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6087):1416-1419
Magnetism has been predicted to occur in systems in which dipolar interactions dominate exchange. We present neutron scattering, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility data for LiErF(4), establishing it as a model dipolar-coupled antiferromagnet with planar spin-anisotropy and a quantum phase transition in applied field H(c|| = 4.0 ± 0.1 kilo-oersteds. We discovered non-mean-field critical scaling for the classical phase transition at the antiferromagnetic transition temperature that is consistent with the two-dimensional XY/h(4) universality class; in accord with this, the quantum phase transition at H(c) exhibits three-dimensional classical behavior. The effective dimensional reduction may be a consequence of the intrinsic frustrated nature of the dipolar interaction, which strengthens the role of fluctuations. 相似文献
8.
In situ x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that FeS, a possible core material for the terrestrial planets, transforms to a hexagonal NiAs superstructure with axial ratio (c/a) close to the ideal close-packing value of 1.63 at high pressure and high temperature. The high-pressure-temperature phase has shorter Fe-Fe distances than the low-pressure phase. Significant shortening of the Fe-Fe distance would lead to metallization of FeS, resulting in fundamental changes in physical properties of FeS at high pressure and temperature. Calculations using the density of the high-pressure-temperature FeS phase indicate that the martian core-mantle boundary occurs within the silicate perovskite stability field. 相似文献
9.
Superconductivity in compressed lithium is observed by magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements. A superconducting critical temperature (Tc) is found ranging from 9 to 16 kelvin at 23 to 80 gigapascals. The pressure dependence of Tc suggests multiple phase transitions, consistent with theoretical predictions and reported x-ray diffraction results. The observed values for Tc are much lower than those theoretically predicted, indicating that more sophisticated theoretical treatments similar to those proposed for metallic hydrogen may be required to understand superconductivity in dense phases of lithium. 相似文献
10.
本文根据朗道相变理论,讨论了W(100)表面因氢吸附引起的结构相变,求出了W(100)表面顶层W原子的位移随温度和氢复盖度的变化规律,解释了W原子沿〔110〕和〔010〕两种可能的位移方向,给出了H/W(100)系统在低复盖度下的相图. 相似文献
11.
A variety of recent experiments on both the static and the dynamic properties of vortices and flux-line lattices in the mixed state of the copper oxide superconductors are discussed. The experiments are of two basic types: (i) experiments that image the magnetic flux patterns either with magnetic decoration or neutrons and give information about static structures, and (ii) experiments that explore the dynamics of vortices either through the resistivity or other electrodynamic responses of the material. Results of these experiments argue in favor of the existence of a true phase transition in the high-field vortex state from a low-temperature superconducting vortex glass phase into a disordered high-temperature vortex fluid phase. The vortex glass phase transition model does a good job of explaining high-precision measurements of the dynamics at the transition. At low fields and temperatures, very long range hexatic order in the flux-line lattice is observed. 相似文献
12.
A high-efficiency power cycle is proposed in which molecular hydrogen gas is used as a working fluid in a regenerative closed Brayton cycle. The hydrogen gas is compressed by an absorption-desorption cycle on metal hydride (FeTiH(x)) beds. Low-temperature solar or geothermal heat (temperature about 100 degrees C) is used for the compression process, and high-temperature fossil fuel or nuclear heat (temperature about 700 degrees C) supplies the expansion work in the turbine. Typically, about 90 percent of the high-temperature heat input is converted to electricity, while about 3 kilowatts of low-temperature heat is required per kilowatt of electrical output. 相似文献
13.
针对中俄东线天然气管道工程北段的冬季防腐补口施工要求,通过材料低温力学性能分析、结构优化设计、低温试验、低温电子元器件优选、机械式温控、加热元件高低温交变及国内外低温补口材料对比分析等综合研究,研制了适用于-40℃低温环境的机械化防腐补口装备,制定了配套的机械化防腐补口工艺和施工方案。工程应用表明:低温机械化防腐补口装备与工艺有效保证了中俄东线试验段及北段管道工程的防腐补口质量和施工效率,日平均补口30道,一次合格率100%。积累了大口径管道低温环境下的防腐补口施工经验,可为中俄东线天然气管道工程中段及同类管道工程的防腐补口施工提供技术支撑。 相似文献
14.
为了降低十二水磷酸氢二钠(Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O)的过冷度并改善其失水问题，以微粉硅胶(SiO_2)为载体材料，采用多孔吸附法对Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O进行吸附制备得到了复合相变材料(Composite phase change materials, CPCM).通过T-history法考察了3种成核剂对复合相变材料过冷度的影响，并对复合相变材料的化学结构和热性能进行了测试表征.结果表明，以质量分数5%的九水硅酸钠(Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O)作为成核剂可使复合相变材料的过冷度降低至2.3℃;差示扫描量热仪(Differential scanning calorimeter, DSC)结果表明，添加一定量的去离子水可有效改善复合相变材料的失水问题，其相变温度为35.1℃,潜热值为152.5 J/g;傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier infrared spectrometer, FT-IR)结果表明，SiO_2和Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O之间仅仅是物理吸附；热失重分析仪(Thermo gravimetric analyzer, TG)结果表明，复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性. 相似文献
15.
16.
Donner T Ritter S Bourdel T Ottl A Köhl M Esslinger T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1556-1558
The phase transition of Bose-Einstein condensation was studied in the critical regime, where fluctuations extend far beyond the length scale of thermal de Broglie waves. We used matter-wave interference to measure the correlation length of these critical fluctuations as a function of temperature. Observations of the diverging behavior of the correlation length above the critical temperature enabled us to determine the critical exponent of the correlation length for a trapped, weakly interacting Bose gas to be nu = 0.67 +/- 0.13. This measurement has direct implications for the understanding of second-order phase transitions. 相似文献
17.
杨玲 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,29(5):124-126
用差示扫描量热法分析了 6种作物幼苗线粒体极性脂和磷脂酰甘油 (PG)的热致相变。结果发现 ,抗冷性作物小麦发生相变的温度比其他冷敏感作物的低得多 ;小麦和花生线粒体 PG混合后 ,显著改变了各自的相变温度。线粒体 PG脂肪酸组成分析表明 ,脂肪酸饱和度决定其相变温度。线粒体 PG的脂肪酸饱和度与作物幼苗的冷敏感性相关 相似文献
18.
Grigera SA Gegenwart P Borzi RA Weickert F Schofield AJ Perry RS Tayama T Sakakibara T Maeno Y Green AG Mackenzie AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1154-1157
Condensed systems of strongly interacting electrons are ideal for the study of quantum complexity. It has become possible to promote the formation of new quantum phases by explicitly tuning systems toward special low-temperature quantum critical points. So far, the clearest examples have been appearances of superconductivity near pressure-tuned antiferromagnetic quantum critical points. We present experimental evidence for the formation of a nonsuperconducting phase in the vicinity of a magnetic field-tuned quantum critical point in ultrapure crystals of the ruthenate metal Sr3Ru2O7, and we discuss the possibility that the observed phase is due to a spin-dependent symmetry-breaking Fermi surface distortion. 相似文献
19.
Dougherty TP Wiederrecht GP Nelson KA Garrett MH Jensen HP Warde C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,258(5083):770-774
The microscopic pathway along which ions or molecules in a crystal move during a structural phase transition can often be described in terms of a collective vibrational mode of the lattice. In many cases, this mode, called a "soft" phonon mode because of its characteristically low frequency near the phase transition temperature, is difficult to characterize through conventional frequency-domain spectroscopies such as light or neutron scattering. A femtosecond time-domain analog of light-scattering spectroscopy called impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) has been used to examine the soft modes of two perovskite ferroelectric crystals. The low-frequency lattice dynamics of KNbO(3) and BaTiO(3) are clarified in a manner that permits critical evaluation of microscopic models for their ferroelectric transitions. The results illustrate the advantages of ISRS over conventional Raman spectroscopy of low-frequency, heavily damped soft modes. 相似文献
20.
When two fluid phases are near a critical point, one of them will be excluded from contact with any third phase that happens to be present by a wetting film of the other critical phase. A simple and quite general strategy that may be used to induce a phase transition from complete wetting of the third phase to incomplete wetting is to add a new component to the fluid phases chosen to drive the two phases away from their critical point. This strategy is illustrated for methanol-cyclohexane mixtures. 相似文献