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为了创制优异的加工型马铃薯基因型和新品种,试验对98份马铃薯种质的块茎品质(淀粉、还原糖含量)进行检测,鉴定筛选出20份高淀粉(淀粉含量≥18.0%)种质材料,39份低还原糖(还原糖含量≤0.20%)种质材料。根据种质的亲缘关系和主要特性进行杂交亲本的选配,配制“高淀粉×低还原糖”类型的杂交亲本组合,筛选出后代F1单株表现优异的炸片高淀粉加工型组合“天薯10号×克新17号”。对组合“天薯10号×克新17号”后代239份F1群体的淀粉含量、还原糖含量和炸片色泽进行检测与分析,鉴定筛选出一批具有优良基因型的马铃薯种质材料：83份基因型淀粉含量≥18.0%,56份基因型还原糖含量≤0.20%,85份基因型炸片色泽值≤3.0。这些优异的基因型可作为高淀粉和低还原糖马铃薯品种选育的亲本材料。 相似文献
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不同来源马铃薯品种淀粉含量的差异 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过对目前我国保存的国内外６４２份马铃薯品种淀粉含量的测定及其与育成单位生态条件的相关分析，初步弄清了我国马铃薯品种资源淀粉的含量水平和不同来源品种淀粉含量的差异，并筛选出淀粉含量超过２０％以上高淀粉资源９份。 相似文献
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云南2花生种质资源的鉴定与筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对云南省搜集保存的２６６份花生种质资源的生育期、植物学特征、生物学特性、主要经济性状和品质性状进行了鉴定和评价,初步筛选出早熟种质７７份、高产种质５２份、高脂肪含量种质６８份、高贮藏性种质２３份、抗叶斑病咱质４０份,为我省早熟、高产、优质、耐贮、抗病的花生新品种选育提供了亲本材料。 相似文献
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中国小豆种质资源的收集与评价 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
截至１９９６年底收集的中国小豆种质有４０５３份,其中栽培３９９３份,野生种６０份,地方农家品种占栽培种的９７．４％,主要分布在我国华北和中部生态区,１９８６～１９９５年间对这些资源进行农艺性状和特性鉴定评价,筛选出一批矮秆,直立,早熟,大粒,种子高蛋白,高淀粉含量,抗旱,抗寒,耐盐和抗病虫的种质。 相似文献
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对目前我国保存的６０８份马铃薯品种（系）采用比重法测定淀粉含量的结果进行分析，初步明确了我国及国外马铃薯品种（系）淀粉含量水平和不同来源品种（系）淀粉含量的差异，并筛选出淀粉含量超过１８％的资源４５份。 相似文献
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对２３５份甘薯品种资源进行抗旱性试验，在抗旱材料中，再从抗病性，耐贮性，在耐瘠性，产量，烘干率，淀粉含量，蛋白质含量，可溶性糖含量等方面进行了综合评价，筛选出一批抗旱兼具优良性状的资源。 相似文献
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Starch Characteristics of Modern and Heirloom Potato Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Diego Fajardo Kathleen G. Haynes Shelley Jansky 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(5):460-469
In a number of ways, modern potato breeding efforts differ from those that created heirloom cultivars. As a result of the rapid expansion of the potato processing industry in the mid twentieth century, potato breeders shifted their focus from fresh market varieties to those intended for the fry and chip markets. Selection for higher dry matter content and lower reducing sugar levels in tubers was successful. This study sought to determine whether modern processing cultivars differ from heirloom cultivars for two major characteristics of tuber starch, amylose content and starch granule morphology. Since breeding efforts for processing potatoes have focused on the maintenance of tuber quality during storage, these parameters were measured in both fresh and stored tubers. Twenty cultivars selected to span the range of cultivar release dates in the U.S. were grown at Hancock, WI in 2009 and 2010 and evaluated for tuber amylose content and measurements of starch granule surface area, length, width, length to width ratio, and smoothness. These traits were found to be stable across years and during storage. Significant differences in the amylose content and starch granule morphology exist among cultivars, but there is no clear distinction between modern and heirloom cultivars. Genetic variation for amylose content and starch granule morphology was found within the set of clones sampled for this study. However, germplasm with higher amylose content will need to be identified and utilized in breeding if the nutritional benefits associated with high fiber and low glycemic index are to be realized. 相似文献
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Seyed Mozaffar Mansouri Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani Jabraeil Razmjou Bahram Naseri Silvia I. Rondon 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(6):533-540
The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is an important insect pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L., both in storage and in the field. In this research, tubers of eight commercial potato cultivars and four Iranian selections with equal weight and dormancy were exposed to 10 pairs of adult P. operculella in a climate chamber set at 25?±?1 °C, 65?±?5 % RH and total darkness. In a free-choice situation, oviposition was lower on 397082–2, Khavaran and Morene compared to the other germplasm that were exposed to adults of P. operculella. Number of mines per tuber, length of mines per tuber, time of development of larvae, number of pre-pupae produced per tuber, weight of pre-pupae and number of eggs developed in ovaries per female were counted and/or measured on each commercial cultivar and selection. There were fewer and shorter mines on tubers of 397082–2, Khavaran and Morene compared to the other potato germplasm. The number of pre-pupae produced per tuber and the weight of pre-pupae were lower when P. operculella was reared on tubers of 397082–2, Khavaran and Morene. Also the development, survival and fecundity were lower when P. operculella was reared on those same germplasm. Flesh firmness was negatively correlated with larval survival (r 2?=?0.87); in addition, the percentage of starch and macronutrient composition was low on these three germplasm. Thus, tuber flesh firmness of these germplasm could delay larval penetration and lower establishment 397082–2, Khavaran and Morene showed promising traits that can be integral component of potato breeding for resistance to P. operculella and pest management programs. 相似文献
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以当地主栽的马铃薯品种大西洋、克新19号为材料,于2007年9月至2008年5月进行了山体库和恒温库贮藏比较试验,比较山体库与恒温库马铃薯不同贮藏时期温度、湿度变化与干物质、淀粉、还原糖的含量及变化。试验结果表明:山体库贮藏马铃薯期间温度、湿度的变化不大,通风情况良好,贮藏的薯块没有出现发热、失水现象。经多次分品种进行还原糖含量、淀粉含量和干物质含量三项理化指标的测定,测定结果都符合马铃薯种薯和商品薯贮藏标准。在马铃薯加工利用时,对于山体库低温长时间存贮的马铃薯根据加工利用目的,如淀粉加工、食品加工必须进行升温贮藏;山体库与恒温库在3℃条件下贮藏的马铃薯各项指标变化趋势一致,符合马铃薯种子和商品薯贮藏标准,在冷凉地区适合山体库推广应用。 相似文献
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马铃薯品种淀粉含量和淀粉产量的表现及其稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
淀粉加工在马铃薯产业中起着重要作用。然而,目前广泛种植的原料薯仍然是淀粉含量不高的菜用薯。为选出适于黑龙江垦区种植的淀粉加工型马铃薯品种,试验采用随机区组设计,以‘延薯4号’为对照,对5个品种(‘同薯29号’、‘克新27号’、‘东农310’、‘内-9’和‘希森5号’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量以及淀粉产量进行评价,并进行稳定性分析。对照品种‘延薯4号’产量达46300 kg/hm^2,淀粉含量13.76%,淀粉产量6394 kg/hm^2,均表现出较好的稳定性。‘克新27号’产量(41731 kg/hm^2)低于‘延薯4号’,但淀粉含量(18.94%)高于‘延薯4号’,结果淀粉产量(7976 kg/hm^2)最高,但表现并不稳定。‘东农310’和‘希森5号’淀粉含量分别为18.33%和20.46%,并具有较高的淀粉产量,分别为6709和6658 kg/hm^2,表现稳定。该研究为淀粉企业正确选择品种提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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Corinne S. Davies Michael J. Ottman Stanley J. Peloquin 《American Journal of Potato Research》2002,79(4):295-299
Freshly harvested potato tubers contain up to 50 mg/100g ascorbic acid (AA), but levels decline rapidly during cold storage. Genetic alterations to boost the AA content of stored tubers would contribute to human nutrition and might improve tuber resistance to oxidative damage during chilling. While studying the breeding potential ofSolanum phureja germplasm, we identified a 24-chromosome Phureja-haploid Tuberosum hybrid (clone I, USW5295.7) that retained a twofold higher content of tuber AA than neighboring clones after storage at 5 C. Clone I produces 2n-pollen through a mechanism genetically equivalent to first-division restitution (FDR), which transmits much of the nonadditive genetic variance for tuber yield. We now report a survey of clone I progeny showing significant family and ploidy effects on tuber AA levels during cold storage, consistent with the transmission of information for higher AA by FDR 2n-pollen. These results encourage further study of 2n-gametes and wild species germplasm to breed for increased tuber AA. 相似文献
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Summary Starch and pulp were isolated from three cultivars of potato tubers grown in four localities. The starch content in the pulp
was determined by an enzymatic method which is shown to be more accurate than a polarimetric method. On an average, 94% of
the starch was isolated and 5% remained in the pulp.
The change in low-molecular weight carbohydrates in the potato tubers during storage for 2, 4, 7 and 11 weeks at 9 C was studied.
Generally there was an increase of sucrose, glucose, fructose andmyo-inositol during the first 2–4 weeks of storage, followed by a diminishing decrease. 相似文献
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China is the world’s leading producer of potatoes, growing 22% of all potatoes. Production continues to rise, owing to increases
in both land devoted to potato production and yield per hectare. Most potato production occurs in the northern and southwest
regions of the country. The processing of coarse starch is the most important component of the potato processing industry
in China, but other processing industries, such as crisps and French fries, are expanding. Major production constraints include
inadequate germplasm resources for cultivar development, the lack of high quality seed potatoes, and limited access to equipment
for mechanized cultivation, planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Additional weaknesses in storage and transportation
technologies must be addressed, as they are the major constraints for the healthy development of the potato industry. The
introduction and improvement of these technologies will ensure the sustainable development of the potato industry in China. 相似文献