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1.
隆线溞营养成分分析及高温胁迫对抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)作为饵料生物的价值和其在不同温度下抗氧化损伤能力的情况,测定了重庆荣昌境内隆线溞的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量;同时研究了温度对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)3种酶活性的影响。结果显示:17种氨基酸含量占干重29.82%,9种必需氨基酸占18.91%,组氨酸含量最高(7.83%),蛋氨酸含量最低,未能检测到色氨酸;主要脂肪酸为C20∶5ω3(EPA)、C16∶0、C16∶1和C18∶1,必需脂肪酸高达38.88%,不饱和脂肪酸高达70.54%,ω-3高不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3 HUFA)高达27.41%,同时含有C20∶4ω6(AA)和C22∶6ω3(DHA)。温度20～35℃对隆线溞抗氧化酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),25℃以上的高温使SOD与CAT酶活显著下降,35℃的高温胁迫导致二者抗氧化能力急剧减弱。 相似文献
2.
用氨基酸自动分析仪和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析浒苔的氨基酸、脂肪酸组成和含量。结果表明,浒苔中含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量（TAA）为8.78%,人体所需的必需氨基酸（EAA）占总氨基酸的35.08%;从浒苔中鉴定出19种脂肪酸,由C12～C24脂肪酸组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的65.78%,以多不饱和脂肪酸为主,特别是16碳和18碳脂肪酸比较丰富,ω-3PUFA占脂肪酸总量的29.68%,绿藻的特征脂肪酸——亚麻酸（C18∶3n3）相对含量达18.70%。 相似文献
3.
采用凯氏定氮法及索氏抽提法对拟沼螺(Assiminea sp.)的基本营养成分以及氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成进行了测定和分析,并与蓝蛤、淡水钩虾、沙蚕、卤虫、轮虫等饵料生物进行了比较。结果显示,拟沼螺的粗蛋白含量为67.76%,高于比较组的饵料生物,水分含量最低为42.57%,粗脂肪含量为10.4%,高于蓝蛤、淡水钩虾和沙蚕;拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,富含鱼虾生长所必需的各种氨基酸,总量达58.51%,必需氨基酸相对含量为46.62%,与蓝蛤(46.17%)、卤虫(47.31%)、轮虫(45.69%)、沙蚕(49.48%)的值接近,远大于WHO/FAO推荐模式(35.38%),但略低于鸡蛋蛋白模式(48.08%)。另外,拟沼螺的呈味氨基酸总量较高,是淡水钩虾的2.5倍。根据氨基酸评分或化学评分,拟沼螺的第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。分析比较必需氨基酸指数,拟沼螺的必需氨基酸组成更接近中国对虾和斑节对虾的必需氨基酸组成。拟沼螺体内脂肪酸种类齐全,不饱和脂肪酸含量为54.64%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为27.45%,EPA(二十二碳五烯酸)含量为9.56%,DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量为4.46%。营养成分分析结果表明,拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,必需氨基酸含量高,脂肪酸种类齐全,含有较多多不饱和脂肪酸,能够满足对虾生长对氨基酸、脂肪酸等各种营养物质的利用需求,在促进对虾生长、提高免疫力等方面具有许多潜在功效,是一种优质的生物饵料。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2014,(6)
采用凯氏定氮法及索氏抽提法对拟沼螺(Assiminea sp.)的基本营养成分以及氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成进行了测定和分析,并与蓝蛤、淡水钩虾、沙蚕、卤虫、轮虫等饵料生物进行了比较。结果显示,拟沼螺的粗蛋白含量为67.76%,高于比较组的饵料生物,水分含量最低为42.57%,粗脂肪含量为10.4%,高于蓝蛤、淡水钩虾和沙蚕;拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,富含鱼虾生长所必需的各种氨基酸,总量达58.51%,必需氨基酸相对含量为46.62%,与蓝蛤(46.17%)、卤虫(47.31%)、轮虫(45.69%)、沙蚕(49.48%)的值接近,远大于WHO/FAO推荐模式(35.38%),但略低于鸡蛋蛋白模式(48.08%)。另外,拟沼螺的呈味氨基酸总量较高,是淡水钩虾的2.5倍。根据氨基酸评分或化学评分,拟沼螺的第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。分析比较必需氨基酸指数,拟沼螺的必需氨基酸组成更接近中国对虾和斑节对虾的必需氨基酸组成。拟沼螺体内脂肪酸种类齐全,不饱和脂肪酸含量为54.64%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为27.45%,EPA(二十二碳五烯酸)含量为9.56%,DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量为4.46%。营养成分分析结果表明,拟沼螺氨基酸组成全面,必需氨基酸含量高,脂肪酸种类齐全,含有较多多不饱和脂肪酸,能够满足对虾生长对氨基酸、脂肪酸等各种营养物质的利用需求,在促进对虾生长、提高免疫力等方面具有许多潜在功效,是一种优质的生物饵料。 相似文献
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本文综述了蒙古裸腹溞（Moina mongolica Daday）作为海水鱼虾幼体活饵料的研究进展．着重介绍其生物学特性和培养方法。该溞是欧亚非大陆上唯一得到认可的盐水裸腹溞,生态适应能力强．繁殖迅速,用作海水鱼虾活饵料适口性好．营养成分较全面．且可高密度培养,有望成为今后海水和半咸水经济动物幼体培育中的优质活饵料。 相似文献
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饵料对卤虫,金丝鱼和对虾脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了饵料对卤虫(Artemia salina)、金丝鱼(Tonichthys albonubes Lin)和对虾(Penaeus orientalis)脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,饵料中的脂肪酸影响到上述养殖对象体内的脂肪酸。为了提高养殖对象体内Omega—3(ω—3,也有用n—3)多烯脂肪酸含量,可以选择富含ω—3多烯脂肪酸的生物饵料,也可用富含ω—3多烯脂肪酸的人工配合饵料。 相似文献
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以褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis)为实验动物并设计不同脂肪源饵料，分别为：面包酵母Saccharomyces cerevisice（对照组），微绿球藻Nannochlorpisis oculata(A)，5%大豆磷脂 5%鱼油 90%面包酵母（C）。结果表明：（1）接受不同脂肪源的轮虫的脂肪酸组成显著不同，尤其是高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA，20C）含量存在显著差异，说明饵料中HUFA含量对轮虫体内相应脂肪酸的含量有显著影响。投喂饵料C使轮虫的脂类HUFA水平得到了强化，提高了轮虫的营养价值。（2）轮虫脂类的HUFA水平不仅由饵料中脂类的相应脂肪酸组成决定，而且轮虫脂类HUFA的提高和强化效果与饵料中HUFA的化学形态密切相关。甘油三酯型饵料HUFA的强化轮虫效果高于磷脂型的HUFA。（3）将富含HUFA的鱼油直接添加在干性饵料如面包酵母中，而不是通过对鲁油乳化后直接强化轮虫，同样能取得良好的强化效果，且操作简便、不易污染水质，适用于轮虫的规模生产。 相似文献
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采用生物化学方法对红螯螯虾胚胎发育过程中主要生化成分(糖类、蛋白质及氨基酸、脂类及脂肪酸)进行了测定和分析，以期了解胚胎形态发生与营养需求的关系。结果显示：红螯螯虾胚胎发育过程中糖类总体含量很低。总蛋白与总氨基酸(TAA)的含量在胚胎发育过程中均呈下降趋势。在必需氨基酸(EAA)中亮氨酸（Leu）和精氨酸（Arg）的含量较高，而在非必需氨基酸中谷氨酸（Glu）和天冬氨酸（Asp）的含量较高。总脂在胚胎发育过程中的含量总体呈下降趋势，其中性脂和磷脂的主要脂肪酸均为C16:0、C18:0 、C18:1ω9和C18:3ω3。研究认为：在红螯螯虾胚胎发育过程中，糖类主要参与多种特异复合物的合成以及甲壳构建，这些特异复合物在细胞分化中起着重要的信号传递作用。蛋白质和脂类都是红螯螯虾胚胎发育过程中主要的结构和能源物质，蛋白质主要在早期被利用而脂类主要在晚期起作用。饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）(C16:0，C18:0，C16:1ω7 和 C18:1ω9)主要作为能源物质被消耗而高不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）(20:5ω3和22:6ω3)在胚胎发育过程中对于构建细胞膜以及调节中枢神经系统的发育起重要作用。 相似文献
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摘要：分析了中华鲟幼鱼4种饵料（3种饵料生物：斑尾刺虾虎鱼、安氏白虾、河蚬和1种人工饲料）及2组中华鲟幼鱼（野生和人工养殖）肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。通过计算4种饵料分别相对2组中华鲟幼鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸比率比值(A/E)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI),评价4种饵料的蛋白质营养价值;通过分析4种饵料和2组中华鲟幼鱼的脂肪酸组成和含量,评价4种饵料的脂肪酸营养价值。结果表明：斑尾刺虾虎鱼、安氏白虾、河蚬、人工饲料、野生和人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉的粗蛋白含量分别为85.43%、67.84%、51.88%、54.20%、91.83%、83.40%。以野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉蛋白为参比,斑尾刺虾虎鱼、安氏白虾、河蚬、人工饲料的EAAI分别为0.922、0.913、0.918、0.956;以人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉蛋白为参比,EAAI分别为0.933、0.913、0.915、0.953,说明4种饵料相对2组中华鲟幼鱼而言均是优质蛋白源,基本能满足中华鲟幼鱼的蛋白需求;但从A/E值来看,4种饵料中均有个别限制性氨基酸（赖氨酸和亮氨酸）不能完全满足中华鲟幼鱼的营养需求。通过比较4种饵料的脂肪酸组成和含量发现,中华鲟幼鱼3种饵料生物中含n3PUFA较多,能为中华鲟幼鱼的入海洄游提供丰富的n3PUFA营养,而人工饲料中含n3PUFA较少,不能满足用于放流的人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼对n3PUFA的营养需求。综合来看,不同饵料的营养成分不同,天然饵料生物的粗蛋白、氨基酸和重要脂肪酸的含量均较多,故在研制和开发中华鲟幼鱼的人工饲料时,应根据其天然饵料生物的营养组成情况,适当的添加Lys、Leu和n3PUFA来满足中华鲟幼鱼生长、存活和洄游的营养需求。 相似文献
10.
2003年5月20日至6月22日,研究了不同脂肪源饲料培育的大型溞对中华绒螯蟹发育和变态的影响.采用纯酵母(酵母组)、酵母添加10%豆油(豆油组)和酵母添加10%鱼油(鱼油组)三组饲料培养的大型溞作为大眼幼体发育到仔蟹Ⅳ期的生长和蜕壳的饵料.实验期间水温为室温,温度为20～24℃.结果表明,鱼油组培养的大型溞能显著地加速仔蟹发育阶段变态时间(缩短蜕皮周期),促进生长.其次为豆油组.酵母组最差.其加速变态的效果在仔蟹Ⅰ期发育变态到Ⅱ期就显著表现出来.此外,鱼油组,豆油组与酵母组相比,相应仔蟹期的规格较大.脂肪酸组成分析显示,仔蟹脂肪酸的组成在一定程度上,反映了其摄食不同脂肪源饲料培育的大型溞的脂肪酸组成.鱼油组的仔蟹具有相对高的EPA,DHA和HUFA的百分组成,而豆油组培育的仔蟹由于大型溞中含有较高含量的C18:2,而致使仔蟹的C18:2具有最高含量.实验证实,饵料中高HUFA的含量,能显著促进仔蟹的生长和变态.PUFA,特别是C18:2对仔蟹变态和成活也有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
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测定了细角螺(Hemifusus termatamus)腹足部肌肉的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成,并与方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)、管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)、棘角螺(Hemifusus kawamurai)和鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)进行了比较。结果显示,细角螺肌肉中检出17种氨基酸,总含量为肌肉干重的81.03%,高于鲐鱼(79.86%)、方斑东风螺(66.45%)、管角螺(56.94%)和棘角螺(64.42%);肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的47.50%;8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的46.94%。细角螺肌肉中共检出20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸的含量为65.25%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为34.75%,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值为0.53,低于方斑东风螺(1.15)、管角螺(1.13)和棘角螺(0.69),高于鲐鱼(0.37)。结果表明,细角螺肌肉中必需氨基酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量较丰富,具有较高的营养价值,是一种较为理想的食物蛋白与脂肪来源。 相似文献
12.
Jing Wen Ling Zeng Yan Wang Li Tian Jiancai Lai 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):101-111
Proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid composition, and contaminants (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) of the kisslip cuttlefish Sepia lycidas were determined and compared with the recommendations and maximum allowed levels. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was 0.82. All of the amino acid scores were > 100, except for valine (93), and the highest essential amino acid score was obtained for tryptophan (327). The fatty acids profile was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 45.01% of total fatty acids), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 24.54% of total fatty acids) was the dominant fatty acid. S. lycidas was rich in n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA was 2.48. Regarding contaminants, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in S. lycidas were 2.2, 0.28, and 0.02 mg kg?1, respectively. Moreover, Hg values were below the detection limit (0.01 mg kg?1). 相似文献
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14.
中华鳖药膳罐头工艺研究与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以优质甲鱼肉为主料，乌骨鸡肉为配料，大枣、枸杞、莲子、桂圆等名贵药材为辅料，采用先进工艺，进行科学配制制成了甲鱼药膳罐头，罐头检验表明产品商业无菌。对中华鳖肌肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸的分析表明，中华鳖是高蛋白低脂肪的营养品，其肌肉中的氨基酸、脂肪酸种类齐全、比例适当，特别是其中的必需氨基酸的营养性好于鸡蛋，必需脂肪酸中的重要活性物质—EPA、DHA含量高于一般鱼类，并还可作为赖氨酸的强化食品，加之补虚珍品乌骨鸡等的配伍，制成营养全面的中华鳖药膳罐头。 相似文献
15.
Jan Mares Miroslava Palikova Radovan Kopp Stanislav Navratil & Jiri Pikula 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):148-156
The present study evaluated the effect of naturally developing cyanobacteria on the composition of muscles of two commercially important freshwater fish species. Fish were exposed to cyanobacterial biomass including Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis ichthyoblabe for 4 weeks. Then, they were transferred to dechlorinated potable water without any cyanobacteria for another 4-week period, thus modelling their preparation for consumers. Samples of muscles were collected every week during exposure and subsequent stay in dechlorinated potable water. The cyanobacterial water bloom of 3.9–6 × 105 cells mL−1 (133–383 μg g−1 of total MC DW) induced statistically significant effects only in the content of fatty acids ( P <0.05; P <0.01) in the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ), while all studied parameters including the content of dry matter and fat ( P <0.01), proteins ( P <0.05), fatty acid composition ( P <0.05; P <0.01) and some amino acids ( P <0.05) were affected in the silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ). This study has shown that cyanobacteria in the environment of commercially produced fish may decrease the dietetic value of fish muscles. 相似文献
16.
为了探究2种乌贼肌肉营养成分及品质差异,评价其营养价值,本研究对浙江舟山地区捕获量较大的日本无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)和金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)的常规营养成分、质构特性、蒸煮损失率、甲醛含量、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成及矿物元素进行了分析。结果显示,日本无针乌贼肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与金乌贼相比无显著差异(P>0.05),水分含量显著低于金乌贼(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著高于金乌贼(P<0.05)。金乌贼肌肉的硬度、弹性、胶粘性、咀嚼性和内聚性均显著高于日本无针乌贼(P<0.05)。2种乌贼肌肉的甲醛含量分别为0.56和1.18 mg/kg,均符合国家卫生标准。氨基酸测定结果显示,2种乌贼的肌肉中均检测出17种水解氨基酸,第一限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸;其中,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均高于31%,金乌贼与FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白模式更接近,其必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高达82.99。脂肪酸测定结果显示,2种乌贼的肌肉中均检测出20种脂肪酸;其中,C20:5n-3 (EPA)和C22:6n-3 (DHA)的总含量均高于40%,且日本无针乌贼显著高于金乌贼(P<0.05)。2种乌贼肌肉富含人体所需的多种无机元素,常量元素中K和P含量最高,微量元素中Zn和I含量最高。研究表明,2种乌贼肌肉的营养成分及品质存在一定的差异,但均属于优质的低脂蛋白,具有较好的开发利用价值。本研究为开发利用东海头足类海洋资源提供了一定的依据和参考。 相似文献
17.
采用生化手段对皮氏蛾螺肌肉中营养成分进行检测与分析。结果表明:皮氏蛾螺肌肉中水分含量为75.78%,蛋白质含量为15.70%,脂肪含量为0.50%,灰分含量为1.50%。皮氏嫂螺肌肉氨基酸总含量为58.21 g/100 g,共检测出17种氨基酸:半胱氨酸(Cys)含量最高,含量为11.35 g/100 g,其次是精氨酸(Arg)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly),组氨酸(His)含量最低,含量为0.39 g/100 g。共检测到6种呈味氨基酸,分别为天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氮酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)及脯氨酸(Pro)。呈味氨基酸(DAA)总量为23.07 g/100 g。共检测出25种脂肪酸,其中包括9种饱和脂肪酸(SFA),16种不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)。在所有脂肪酸中,二十碳五烯酸EPA(C20:5i3)含量最高,达19.75%;而十五碳一烯酸(C15:1)含量最低,仅0.26%。 相似文献
18.
The biochemical composition of wild and cultured seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker and Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach was analysed in this study. The crude protein contents (% dry weight) of wild seahorses were high: 72.7±2.5% in H. kuda and 78.5±4.2% in H. trimaculatus . The crude lipid contents (% dry weight) of wild and cultured seahorses (1.1±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.2 for H. kuda and 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.2±0.2 for H. trimaculatus ) were low and did not differ significantly ( F 3, 12 =1.461, P =0.12). The essential amino acids and flavour-enhancing amino acids in wild seahorses were higher than those in cultured seahorses, although the essential amino acid index in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were generally low. The total amino acid content decreased with growth in cultured H. trimaculatus ( F 3, 12 =14.927, P <0.05). The poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were 21.69%, 37.72%, 21.39% and 33.89% respectively. The fatty acid content in seahorses first decreased and then increased with growth both in wild and in cultured H. trimaculatus . The PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio was 1.31 in cultured H. kuda and 0.87 in cultured H. trimaculatus . The trace metal concentrations in the wild seahorses were relatively low. The results presented in this study provide biochemical information necessary for understanding the medicinal value of H. kuda and H. trimaculatus and for elucidating the potential dietary requirements for their culture. 相似文献
19.
Interactive effects of salinity and complete fishmeal replacement on growth,food consumption,and gene expression of hepatic IGF‐I,IGF‐II and growth hormone receptors in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted using Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) to evaluate the interactive effects of fishmeal replacement and salinity on growth, feed utilization efficiencies and relative expression of growth related genes. Two iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were prepared (32% protein). The control diet included 15% fishmeal (FM diet) and fishmeal component in non‐fishmeal diet (NFM) was eliminated by a mixture of poultry by‐product meal, high protein distillers dried grains and distillers dried grains with soluble. The NFM diet was supplemented with DL‐methionine and L‐lysine. Duplicated group of fish with initial mean weight of 6 g, reared in four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 g/L) were fed one of the two diets twice a day to near satiety. At the end of the experiment, growth, feed utilization efficiency and expression of growth related genes were compared. The specific growth rate (SGR), mean feed intake (MFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the diets while salinity effects were significant. The fish in the 4 g/L salinity showed the highest SGR and MFI while fish in the 0 g/L treatment showed the lowest FCR. Relative expression of hepatic IGF‐I and IGF‐II was regulated by salinity but not by the diet. Expression of growth hormone receptor gene was not affected by either diet or salinity. The present findings provide evidence for the possibility of total fishmeal replacement in saline waters (0–12 g/L) without compromising growth, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia. 相似文献
20.
Differences in the biochemical compositions of two dietary jellyfish species and their effects on the growth and survival of Ibacus novemdentatus phyllosomas 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Phyllosomas (planktonic larvae) of slipper lobsters cling onto and feed on jellyfish under both natural and laboratory conditions. Phyllosomas of Ibacus novemdentatus are capable of feeding on various jellyfish species including venomous stingers; however, the range of jellyfish species capable of supporting the growth and survival of phyllosomas is unknown. Seventeen (12 for the first and five for the second trials) and 18 (13 for the first and five for the second trials) phyllosomas were fed exclusively on the jellyfish Aurelia aurita and Chrysaora pacifica, respectively. Aurelia aurita‐fed phyllosomas metamorphosed into the nisto stage (postbenthic larvae) ～54 days after hatching, whereas C. pacifica‐fed phyllosomas did not. Major nutritional compositions such as amino acids, fatty acids and minerals were compared between the two jellyfish species. The proportion of each major nutritional component was not significantly different between the two jellyfish species, suggesting that C. pacifica was not nutritionally inferior to A. aurita. Therefore, the observation that the C. pacifica‐fed phyllosomas did not metamorphose into the nisto stage was not because of major nutritional compositions but due to other factors such as the lack or excess of other minor nutrients, or the species‐specific texture of the jellyfish. 相似文献