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1.
Nylon 6 can be dyed with acid dyes and therefore it can also be stained by natural or artificial acid dyes existing in some foods and drinks when they are spilled on nylon fabrics. In this study, cationic dyeable polyamide (CD-PA6) was synthesized with sodium salt from 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (5-SSIPA) and easily cationic dyeable polyamide (ECD-PA6) was prepared with 5-SSIAP and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The influence of the chemical modification to CD-PA6 and ECD-PA6 on the resultant structures were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and their thermal properties were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The effects of varying 5-SSIPA content on the cationic dye uptake and acid dye resistance rate were also investigated, as well as mechanical properties of the modified PA6. Incorporating PEG not only destroyed the regularity of molecular chain arrangement and created more amorphous regions in the ECD-PA6 samples, but also changed the nylon 6 from α-form to γ-form. Results revealed a considerable improvement in cationic dye uptake and acid dye resistance rate in the modified fibers compared with unmodified fibers. 相似文献
2.
Alisa Šehić Jelena Vasiljević Igor Jordanov Andrej Demšar Jožef Medved Ivan Jerman Marija Čolović Fiona Hewitt T. Richard Hull Barbara Simončič 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(6):1194-1206
This research investigated the influence of two flame retardant (FR) mixtures consisting melamine cyanurate (MeCy) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi), and MeCy and sodium aluminosilicate (SASi) at different weight ratios, on the flammability, thermal behavior and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) composite yarns produced by meltspinning. The morphological and chemical properties of PA6/FR filaments were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, flame retardancy by vertical burning test UL-94, thermal behavior by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses, and mechanical properties by tensile tests. The results indicate that within the UL 94 V2 rating, the composite yarns differed significantly from each other in their burning and dripping behavior. The incorporation of both mixtures, MeCy+AlPi and MeCy+SASi, into the PA6/FR yarns significantly decreased the afterflame time relative to pristine PA6, confirming a lower production of flammable volatiles. This phenomenon was attributed mainly to MeCy, which caused an immediate extinguishment of the flame after the withdrawal of the igniting flame. Compared to one component MeCy, the incorporation of the MeCy+SASi mixture enhanced the thermooxidative stability of the PA6/FR yarns because of their additive effect at higher concentrations. In contrast, an antagonistic effect was obtained for the MeCy+AlPi mixture, irrespective of the concentration. Since the incorporation of MeCy+SASi did not drastically reduce the tensile properties of filaments, this mixture enables the production of the PA6/MeCy+SASi composite yarns with the enhanced flame retardancy and thermo-oxidative stability. 相似文献
3.
Poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) exhibits good dimensional stability and flame retardant characteristics but its commercial development as fibers is highly limited due to lesser dyeing and finishing characteristics. Hence in the present study, we focused on the anionic and cationic modifications of PPS to enhance its dyeing ability towards disperse, cationic, and anionic dyes. Novel sulfonation and chloromethylation-quaternization of PPS fiber were carried out to achieve an industrially viable dyeing process methodology. The chemically modified PPS fiber is dyed with disperse, cationic, and anionic dyes, and the dyeing adsorption efficiency is quantitatively studied using a dye-o-meter equipped with UV-visible absorption spectroscope. The ideal parameters for dye adsorption were determined as a function of dyeing time, material-toliquor ratio, dyeing temperature, carrier concentration, sulfonation, and chloromethylation. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were also studied. Overall, with a maximum dye uptake of 99 % and 90 % achieved for sulfonated PPS and quaternized PPS respectively, the optimized conditions can be readily scaled-up to the commercial dyeing of PPS fiber with disperse, anionic, and cationic dyes. 相似文献
4.
The present paper deals with improvement in disperse dyeability as well as imparting of cationic dyeablility to difficultly
dyeable polypropylene by a melt blending technique. Isotactic polypropylene (PP) was blended with fibre grade polybutylene
terephthalate (PBT), cationic dyeable polyethylene terephthalate (CDPET) and polystyrene (PS), individually. The resulting
binary blends were spun and drawn into fibres at draw ratio 2, 2.5, and 3. The compatibility of blends, structural changes
of fibres in terms of X-ray crystallinity, relative crystallinity, sonic modulus, birefringence and thermal stability were
examined. The blended fibres were found to be disperse dyeable by the conventional method of high temperature and high pressure
dyeing. And this dyeability increased with increase in the level of substitution. PP/CDPET blend also exhibited dyeablility
with cationic dyes in addition to that with disperse dyes. The optimum level of blending was predicted keeping in view of
tenacity and thermal stability of melt blend fibres. The wash fastness properties of the dyed fibres were found to be of high
rate. 相似文献
5.
Vanessa Pasquet Nemeshwaree Behary Anne Perwuelz Jalal Isaad 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(7):1141-1147
Development of water-soluble dyes for the dyeing of different textile fabrics is essential for the textile industry due to ecological and economical reasons. In this study, a series of new azoic dyes were prepared by diazotization reaction between the phenyl boronic acid and different aniline derivatives, and their dyeing capacity in aqueous solution was evaluated. The synthesized boronic azo dyes present good water solubility and can dye polyamide (nylon), wool, silk, and cellulose acetate fabrics. The effect of factors such as concentration of dye, dyeing temperature, and pH on the level of color strength (K/S) was studied. The dyeing results showed that higher color strength K/S (about 16) and fastness properties (about 4/5) with boronic acid dyes were achieved at higher temperatures avoiding the use of surface agents, mordants, and other polluting chemical additives. 相似文献
6.
Three unreported cationic reactive dyes based on azobenzene were synthesized using a novel synthetic route. Synthesized dyestuffs containing three primary color dyes were characterized by FTIR, H-NMR, LC-MS, Element Analysis and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. The absorption spectra of dyes were measured in three solvents with different polarities. The dyeing and color fastness properties of three cationic reactive dyes on wool, acrylic and wool/acrylic blend fabrics were determined. The optimum pH for wool and acrylic fabrics were 6 and 5, respectively. Effect of temperature, time on dyeing properties and color fastness properties on wool fabric showed the same tendency with acrylic fabric. The K/S value of wool fabric dyed with three dyes was similar to that of acrylic fabric when both fabrics were dyed simultaneously in the same dyebath using low dye concentration. Wool/acrylic blend fabric dyed with three cationic reactive dyes using onebath one-step method achieved good union dyeing property and excellent color fastness. 相似文献
7.
The dyeing properties of hydrophobic polypropylene fibers using cationic dyes were investigated to improve dyeability by electron
beam irradiation and sulfonic acid incorporation. The color strength of polypropylene fibers after irradiation was examined
according to the dyeing conditions including the pH of the dyebath, absorbed doses, and the introduction of a functional group
to the fiber substrate. The best dyeing result was obtained when polypropylene fibers incorporated by sulfonic acid group
after electron beam irradiation were dyed with cationic dyes at alkaline conditions and 30∼75 kGy irradiation ranges. 相似文献
8.
The difficulty in dyeing microfiber synthetic leather filled with ordinary polyurethane presents a significant challenge in maintaining the uniformity and highly realistic appearance of the resulting products. In the present study, a type of acid-dyeable polyurethane (PU-MDEA; MDEA=N-methyldiethanolamine) was synthesized, and its chemical structure and dyeing properties were investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that cationic groups were successfully incorporated into the PU-MDEA backbone via chain extension using MDEA. The amorphous nature of PU-MDEA was determined by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and polarizing optical microscopy. Owing to the strong binding between these cationic groups and acid dye, as well as the reduced resistance to dye penetration, PU-MDEA showed better dyeability toward the acid dyes studied herein when compared with the control sample (microfiber synthetic leather filled with ordinary polyurethane). The adsorption isotherm experiment revealed that the dyeing process conformed to the Langmuir model, thereby indicating that the acid dyes attached to PU-MDEA via strong ionic bonding rather than van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding. Additionally, it was found that the wastewater resulting from the dyeing of the microfiber synthetic leather filled with PU-MDEA exhibited environmentally friendly characteristics when compared with that displayed by the control sample (microfiber synthetic leather filled with ordinary polyurethane). Thus, the current results show the potential of PU-MDEA, as a filler, in the manufacture of microfiber synthetic leather to achieve fast dyeing rate, high dye uptake, and good color fastness, thereby improving the uniformity and highly realistic appearance of the resulting products. 相似文献
9.
Due to compact structure of meta-aramid fiber caused by the intermolecular hydrogen bondings of amide groups, the degree of crystallinity increased, thus its poor dyeing properties arises. Among commercial dyes used in many previous researches, the basic dyes showed comparatively higher exhaustion yields as comparing to those of disperse dyes and acid dyes. The anthraquinone moiety was adopted for good performances of light fastness on meta-aramid fiber. In this study, eight of anthraquinone dye was synthesized. The three of them were obtained from chloro-anthraquinone, by Ullmann reactions with the corresponding heterocylic residues such as morpholine and one of them was obtained from lueco quinizarine by condensation with the corresponding heterocylic residues. The others were prepared by quaternization from dyes above. The synthesized disperse and cationic dyes were dyed on meta-aramid fibers and investigated for their build-up dyeing properties and wash fastness. 相似文献
10.
The effect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in the dyeing of polyamide fabric was investigated under conditions that mimic industrial dyebaths where dye mixtures are used. The dyes used were Telon Red BN, Telon Yellow A-2R, and Telon Blue RR. The blue dye complexed with HPβCD whereas the other dyes did not do so under the conditions used. The dyeing results were compared with those obtained using a traditional retarding agent, Albegal B. The exhaustion dyeing data showed that HPβCD mainly affected the dyeing behavior of the blue dye that became encapsulated. In the case of the yellow and red dyes, changes in the overall kinetics of dyeing were observed, resulting in modified exhaustion profiles. In comparison, Albegal B retarded the blue dyeing process and increased the rate of exhaustion of the yellow dye while the exhaustion curve of red dye remained unchanged. The color uniformity of the dyed polyamide was improved when HPβCD was used. This resulted from the more controlled exhaustion rate during the critical phase of the dyeing process. 相似文献
11.
Kwon Sun Lee Beom Soo Lee Young Hwan Park Yoon Chul Park Yong Min Kim Sung Hoon Jeong Sung Dong Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2005,6(1):35-41
Research and development of nano fiber products is very active over the world. Physical characteristics and dyeing properties
of nylon 66 nano fiber were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction, DSC, analysis of amino end group, and water absorption
were performed to get information concerning physical properties of nano fiber. Nylon 66 nano fiber was dyed with high molecular
mass acid dyes. Effects of dyeing temperature, pH of dyeing solution, and concentration of acid dyes on dyeing properties
such as rate of dyeing and the extent of exhaustion, were examined and compared to those of regular fiber. It was found that
nano fiber adsorbed acid dyes at lower temperature, got rapidly dyed, and its extents of exhaustion at specific dyeing temperature
were higher than regular fiber. It was also observed that nano fiber could adsorb a large amount of acid dye without a significant
loss in the extent of exhaustion. Washing fastness of the dyed nano fiber was lower by 1/2∼1 grade, light fastness by 1 grade
than the dyed regular fiber. 相似文献
12.
Poly(acrylic acid) and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were introduced onto PET fabrics by UV-induced photografting to improve
its hydrophilicity. Several factors affecting the photografting were studied including irradiation energy, monomer, and photoinitiator
(PI) concentrations. ATR and ESCA analyses proved successful grafting of the two monomers onto PET. Morphology of fabric surface
was examined using FE-SEM. Both zeta potential and water wetting time of the grafted PET fabrics decreased with increasing
grafting yield. Also cationic dyeability of the grafted PET fabrics increased because of the increased electrostatic interactions
between the anionic dyeing sites and cationic dyes. 相似文献
13.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is known for environmentally friendly material as it is derived from annually renewable crops and biodegradable. Dispersant-free dyeing of PLA fabric with three temporarily solubilized azo disperse dyes which contain β-sulfatoethylsulfonyl group was investigated and their dyeing and fastness properties were compared with those of commercial disperse dyes. The temporarily solubilized azo disperse dyes were successfully applied to PLA fabric without the use of dispersant. The color yield on PLA fabric was dependent on dyebath pH and dyeing temperature as well. The optimum results were obtained at pH 7-8 and 110 °C. The dyes showed markedly higher color yield on PLA fabric when compared to commercial disperse dyes. Wash fastness was very poor to poor but light fastness was good. The COD levels of the dyeing effluent from the temporarily solubilized disperse dyes were considerably lower than those from commercial disperse dyes. 相似文献
14.
Dyeing characteristics and fastness of 100 % m-aramid fiber with some commercial dyes were investigated on various dyeing conditions, such as using a swelling agent and
electrolyte as auxiliaries. Among commercial dyes used, the basic dyes showed comparatively higher exhaustion yield comparing
to those of disperse dyes and acid dyes. Under acidic conditions in the range pH 3 to 5, preferably between pH 3 and 4, the
stability of cationic dyes could be enhanced leading to higher adsorption. Dye exhaustions of trichromatic dyes were increased
proportionally to concentration of swelling agents ranging from 1 to 4 g/l. The addition of electrolyte provided increased K/S values after washing process compared with those of blank dyeings, where the greatest effect was observed with NaNO3. 相似文献
15.
Eui-Jae Lee Kyung-Won Kim Geun-Hyeong Kim Chae-Eun Park Jae-Hong Choi 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(9):1791-1798
As the diameter of polyamide fibers decreased to finer denier, the dyeing fastness tends to be deteriorated due to the increase of their surface area, particularly both light fastness and wash fastness. In this study, three acid dyes were synthesized utilizing a sulfonation reaction starting from corresponding hydrophobic dye (for yellow and red dye) and dye intermediate containing a sulfonic acid group (for blue dye), those featured by high light fastness property. A Gaussian structural prediction model was used to determine the structure of the acid dyes prior to dye synthesis, and the optimal structures of three acid dyes were analyzed. Dye structures prepared were confirmed by 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. By using a UV-vis spectrophotometer, the absorption maxima and molar extinction coefficient were also measured for three acid dyes comparing to that of the corresponding disperse dye or blue dye intermediate. Judging from spectroscopic data, the introduction of sulfonyl groups led to increase of molar extinction coefficient and a bathochromic shift. 相似文献
16.
In order to reduce environmental pollution from dyeing effluent, the cationic reverse micelles were prepared and used for removal of anionic Color Index (CI) Reactive Blue 19. The effect of surfactants, dyes, temperature and ultrasonic treatment on dye removal was investigated, respectively. The conductivity of CI Reactive Blue 19 aqueous solution was measured during removal process. In addition, the photograph of CI Reactive Blue 19 was also obtained. Finally, the removed dyes were backward extracted and reused for dyeing cotton fabrics. The results indicated that the removal of dyes was increased with increasing surfactants concentration and temperature, while the dye concentration exhibited the reverse trend. The higher removal of dyes could be caused by using ultrasonic treatment. The conductivity of dye aqueous solution was decreased with increasing surfactant concentration for the removal of dyes. The CI Reactive Blue 19 from backward extraction was reused for dyeing cotton fabrics, which exhibited the good property. 相似文献
17.
One step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics combining pretreatment and dyeing under the alkali condition was developed for cleaner production. One step dyeing of PET fabrics required that the dye used has good acid and alkali stability. In this paper, dyeing properties of three azo disperse dyes containing cyano group based on benzisothiazole, 3- (4-N-ethoxyl-N-cyanoethyl -phenyldiazenyl)-5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D1), 3-(4-N-ethyl-N-cyanoethyl- phenyldiazenyl)- 5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D2), and 3-(N-benzyl-N-cyanoethyl- phenyldiazenyl)-5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazole (D3), were investigated under alkali condition. The results showed that polyester fabrics could be well dyed with D1, D2 and D3 under the acid condition. However, D1 was decomposed while dyeing at the alkali solution. D2 and D3 had excellent color yields under the alkali condition. The acid-alkali stability and the structure change were analyzed by UV-vis spectrum and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gaussian 09 program package was used to optimize geometry by B3LYP method and 6-31G (d) basis set. The solvation energy of D1 in water was higher than those of D2 and D3. The electron withdrawn effect of the hydroxyl affected the energy gap of HOMO and LUMO orbits. D2 and D3 showed excellent stability in the strong alkali medium. And the dyed polyester fabrics with D2 and D3 at the alkali condition also had good fastness properties. 相似文献
18.
A series of polymeric dyes were synthesized by free radical addition polymerization of monomeric dyes. The 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole
was diazotized and coupled with various N-arylmaleimides to give monomeric dyes. All the polymeric dyes were characterized
by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, visible absorption spectroscopy, viscometry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Color and dyeing properties of the polymeric dyes were discussed by comparing them with those of the corresponding monomeric
dyes. The dyeing performance of these dyes was assessed on nylon fiber. These dyes were found to give various color shades
with good to very good depth and levelness on the fiber. The dyeing of the monomeric dyes showed moderate fastness to light
and good to excellent fastness to washing, perspiration and sublimation and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent
fastness properties. The dyebath exhaustion and fixation on nylon fiber has been found to be good. 相似文献
19.
The dyeing and color fastness properties of three reactive-disperse dyes containing a sulphatoethylsulphone group on Nylon,
cotton and N/C mixture fabrics were examined. Reduction-clearing was more effective in removing the unfixed dyes than soaping
since the reactive-disperse dye became hydrophobic during dyeing process. Nylon was dyed well with three reactive-disperse
dyes at pH 5∼8 and difference in chemical structure between dyes did not affect the final color strength of the dyed Nylon
fiber, but their build-up properties on Nylon were not so good. The color strength of the dyed cotton was not as high as that
of Nylon. The color strength of cotton increased by lowering dyeing temperature when the reactive-disperse dyes having hydroxy
group were used. Nylon absorbed more dye molecules than cotton in simultaneous dyeing, the color difference between Nylon
and cotton could be reduced as the dyeing temperature decreased. N/C mixture fabric was dyed well at 60 °C with the reactive-disperse
dyes having hydroxyl group when applied at pH 7 and 60 °C, and their build-up properties were good. It was also found that
washing fastness and rubbing fastness of dyed Nylon, cotton and N/C fabrics with the reactive-disperse dyes were excellent,
while light fastness was moderate. 相似文献
20.
The nonionic surfactant properties of ethoxylated azo dyes, such as cloud point and surface tension have been investigated.
The synthesized ethoxylated azo dyes could dye polyester fabric without any special pre-treatment. When the average number
of ethylene oxide (EO) in the ethoxylated azo dye reached 6, its fixation could exceed 90% from the thermosol dyeing process.
The average degree of condensation of ethylene glycol in the chain was interrelated with the dyeing results and did not affect
on the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of the polyoxyethylene dye. When the average length of polyoxyethylene chain decreased,
the molecular weight of dyes became smaller and the fixation of dyes was improved. 相似文献