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针对贵妃鸡在国内外珍禽市场上不可估量的发展前景,为了选育出贵妃鸡自别雌雄配套系,本研究根据伴性遗传基因的遗传原理和羽速基因的遗传特点,采用现代家禽育种方法对贵妃鸡第二世代表型慢羽公鸡进行了测交试验。采用人工授精,所产种蛋分别孵化。其中用13只表型为慢羽公鸡,与52只快羽母鸡组成第1类测交试验,结果每只公鸡的后代中都有快羽雏出现,且快慢羽比例几乎为1:1(217:232);由20只表型慢羽公鸡与80只慢羽母鸡组成的第2类测交试验,结果每只公鸡的后代中,也都有快羽雏出现,而且快慢羽比例几乎接近1:3(197:520)。可见,所用的33只公鸡经测交证明全为杂合体,同时表明两个不同质量性状测交结果完全符合孟德尔遗传定律。 相似文献
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为了建立一种快速准确鉴定大恒优质肉鸡慢羽系公鸡纯合子的分子检测方法,以加快纯合慢羽系及其配套系的育种速度,利用鸡性连锁羽速基因K/k+中慢羽基因的断点连接序列以及快慢羽基因的SNP,选择200只(表型鉴定为慢羽)50日龄的大恒优质肉鸡慢羽系公鸡进行羽速基因的分子检测,检测结果与雏鸡羽速表型判定结果一致率达100%。采用限制性内切酶TaqⅠ法进一步检测发现,慢羽纯合子公鸡(197只)2条带,杂合子公鸡(3只)3条带。综上,可以利用该方法鉴定大恒优质肉鸡慢羽系公鸡基因型是否为纯合的慢羽个体。 相似文献
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为了解太行绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽及不同性别个体间生长发育规律的差异,本实验选取太行绿壳蛋鸡快羽公鸡33只,快羽母鸡36只,慢羽公鸡30只,慢羽母鸡31只,记录其0~133日龄体重、体尺,用SPSS23.0统计软件中的双变量相关分析对体重和体尺指标间的相关性进行分析,并通过Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy模型对太行绿壳蛋鸡快慢羽公、母鸡的体重、胫长进行拟合。结果表明:快羽公鸡生长发育最为迅速,慢羽公鸡较为迅速,快羽母鸡次之,慢羽母鸡生长发育最为缓慢,太行绿壳蛋鸡体重与体尺有显著相关性。Gompertz是体重模拟最优模型,最高拟合度为0.992,Von Bertalanffy为胫长模拟最优模型,最高拟合度为0.997。 相似文献
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对2634只RF系白番鸭的羽型分布进行了测定,并对羽型划分标准及番鸭快慢羽性状的遗传进行了研究。结果表明,2634只雏番鸭中,快羽型个体（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2mm以上）占90．47％;慢羽型个体（主翼羽长于及主翼羽2mm和2mm以内）占9．53％;慢羽基因和快羽基因的频率为分别0．0649和0.9351。通过3种组配观测羽型的遗传方式。快羽♂×快羽♀后代雏鸭105只均为快羽型;慢羽♂×慢羽♀后代119只雏鸭快慢羽分别为32只和87只,慢羽对快羽呈显性。快羽♂×慢羽♀后代181只雏鸭中,快羽公母鸭分别为11只和78只,慢羽公母鸭分别为78只和14只。可见番鸭的快慢羽是受性杂色体基因控制的伴性性状。 相似文献
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种公鸡快慢羽基因型的测定及快慢羽基因对繁殖性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用快羽母鸡对两个表型为慢羽的公鸡群基因型进行了测定。经测定１公鸡群中有２４只为ＫＫ型纯慢羽公鸡,５４只为Ｋｋ型杂合公鸡;２公鸡群中有３９只为ＫＫ型纯慢羽公鸡,３７只为Ｋｋ型杂合公鸡。在１公鸡群中,ＫＫ型公鸡的受精率为９２．４％,Ｋｋ型的为９４．８％;在２公鸡群中,ＫＫ型公鸡的受精率为９２．８％,而Ｋｋ型的为９５．５％,说明含ｋ的精子具有较强的受精力。从１、２两试验的孵化结果来看,Ｋ基因和ｋ基因对受精蛋的孵化率基本上没有影响。 相似文献
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赤水黑羽乌骨鸡的几种性状初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以84只从赤水黑羽乌骨鸡为素材,采用随机交配方式,组成一个封闭群体,经统计其后代674只雏鸡的羽型,快羽占9.79%,慢羽占90.21%.6周龄时,有20.37%的鸡背部未着生幼羽.整个青年时期,有3.28%的鸡体躯几乎全裸.本研究确认该鸡群在慢羽基因中,除K基因外,尚含K~N和K~S基因.这对偏于肉用方向发展的该鸡种来说,含K~N和K~S基因的个体拟予淘汰.本研究还揭示赤水黑羽乌骨鸡的早期生长速度相对较快,在选育过程中,这一性状应予保留.其羽色基因在“E”位点为为杂合型,即Ee型;鸡群中还存在隐性白羽;肤色基因基本处于杂合状态,因而在表型上有多种表现.经同质选配后,再测交选留,可育成独具特点的黑羽乌骨鸡纯系. 相似文献
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在利用京白快羽母鸡对１７０只罗曼Ｄ系公鸡的快慢羽基因位点进行测交试验的过程中，收集了杂种后代孵化期胚胎生活力的数据用于本研究，结果表明：（１）孵化后期（１３－２１天）平均每天的胚胎死亡率约为前中期的两倍，孵化前期（１－６天）的死亡率略高于中期，孵化中期（７－１２天）的死亡率最低；（２）罗曼Ｄ系纯合慢羽公鸡杂交后代的生活力与杂合公鸡后代相比没有显著的差异，据此可以假设：快慢羽基因与胚胎生活力性状间无相关关系；（３）用ＨｅｎｄｅｒｓｏｎⅢ估计的胚胎生活力性状的杂种遗传力在０．００６到０．０５４之间，ＲＥＭＬ方法的估计值在０．００１到０．０４７之间。用ＨｅｎｄｅｎｏｎⅢ估计的遗传力一般均高于ＲＥＭＬ方法的估计值。 相似文献
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试验旨在揭示贵州黄鸡慢羽系生长发育规律。选择100只贵州黄鸡慢羽系（公母鸡各50只），于0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14周龄末称重，分别采用Bertalanffy、Logistic、Gompertz 3种非线性生长曲线模型对贵州黄鸡慢羽系0~14周龄体重变化进行拟合分析。结果表明：3种模型均能很好地拟合其生长曲线，拟合度均在0.99以上，其中Logistic模型在贵州黄鸡慢羽系公鸡、母鸡生长曲线中拟合最好，拟合结果最接近实测体重情况，其公鸡拐点体重为1 550.81 g，拐点周龄为10.42，母鸡拐点体重为976.67 g，拐点周龄为9.14。试验结果初步揭示了贵州黄鸡慢羽系的生长发育规律和各阶段的生长特征，为贵州黄鸡慢羽系选育生产和产业化发展提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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白羽鸡快,慢羽纯系及其杂交后代早期生长的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过3个快羽纯系和3个慢羽纯系以及9个自别雌雄商品杂交组合,测定快、慢羽伴性等位基因(k~ 和K)对白羽蛋鸡早期体重的影响。结果,在兼用型鸡中,由同一来源分离出的快羽C系1～10周龄体重明显高于慢羽D系(P<0.05),表现出明显羽速效应;而在蛋用型鸡中,由同一来源分离出的快羽B系早期体重则低于慢羽G系(1～5周龄P<0.05,6～10周龄P<0.10)。表明快慢羽基因的羽速效应因品种(或品系)的不同而异。9个配套组的杂交鸡早期体重均低于双亲均值,明显表现出负的杂交优势,有利于蛋鸡最适体型的筛选。 相似文献
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应用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD) 技术分析河南省4个地方鸡的品系,固始鸡快羽GK系、固始鸡慢羽GM系、矮小型绿壳蛋鸡、黄麻羽丝毛乌骨鸡的遗传变异。用186个随机引物对4个鸡种基因组DNA池扩增筛选,40个引物产生多态性。此40个引物经重新优化反应体系后,对120个个体的基因组DNA 进行RAPD分析。40个引物共产生387种扩增片段,扩增产物片段的长度大小在100～2220 bp范围内。利用电泳分析数据分别计算4个品系群体之间的遗传相似系数和遗传距离指数,结果4个鸡种的亲缘关系与它们的引种情况基本一致。同时也证明了RAPD技术可以作为分子标记,很好地检测鸡种群内的遗传变异及区分不同鸡品系。 相似文献
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M A Goodwin J Brown M A Smeltzer T Girshick S L Miller T G Dickson 《Avian diseases》1992,36(2):356-358
Antibody titers for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, and reovirus from chicks with chicken anemia agent (CAA) antibodies were compared with antibody titers from their CAA-antibody-negative counterparts. These comparisons were made in 396 chickens that were 1 day, 2 weeks, 8-9 weeks, 10 weeks, 17 weeks, or 29-32 weeks old. Only one serum sample was collected from any given chick or chicken. There were no significant differences between the antibody titers at any age for any antigen, with one exception: at 29-32 weeks, the IBDV titers were higher (t = 2.62, df = 142, P less than 0.01) in chickens with CAA antibody. Although not at all likely, we believe that the observation of high IBDV antibody titers in CAA-antibody-positive chicks could have been a spurious one. 相似文献
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Males of white leghorn strain crosses heterozygous (Kk) for the sex-linked feathering locus genes were mated to rapid-feathering (k-) females to produce rapid- and slow-feathering chicks of both sexes. K did not influence humoral-mediated immunity against challenge with sheep erythrocytes, killed Brucella abortus, or killed infectious bursal disease virus. Chicks challenged at 3 weeks of age had higher primary responses and higher titers of 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody (IgG) than those challenged at 1 week of age. K had no influence on levels of cell-mediated immunity based on responses in in vitro phytohemagglutinin tests of donors 2 to 126 days of age, on responses in in vitro one-way mixed-lymphocyte cultures, and on rejection rates of skin grafts on young chicks. Feathering type did not influence viremia or antibody to avian leukosis virus; the level of lymphoid leukosis tumors was higher in rapid-feathering females than in slow-feathering females at 28 weeks of age (53% vs. 72%; P less than or equal to 0.10). We conclude that K does not influence general immune competence. The possibility that it may influence specific immunity to ALV under conditions not met in this study, because of an endogenous virus recently associated with the K locus, is discussed. 相似文献
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Development of an attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine against viral arthritis/tenosynovitis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A fully attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine was developed by 235 serial passages of S1133 strain avian reovirus in embryonating chicken eggs and 100 additional passages in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures, 65 of which were cultured at 32 C. Chickens with and without maternal antibodies to avian reovirus were vaccinated subcutaneously at 1 day of age and challenged via footpad at 14 days of age. It appeared that the 40th, 66th, and 100th CEF passage levels were apathogenic at doses ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(6.8) TCID50/chick. No gross or microscopic lesions of tenosynovitis developed in vaccinated chicks. Vaccinated chicks were protected against challenge; unvaccinated control chickens were not. 相似文献
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Intracerebroventricular administration of chicken glucagon‐like peptide‐2 potently suppresses food intake in chicks 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kazuhisa Honda Takaoki Saneyasu Tomohiko Shimatani Koji Aoki Takuya Yamaguchi Kiwako Nakanishi Hiroshi Kamisoyama 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):312-318
Glucagon‐related peptides, such as glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1, GLP‐2 and oxyntomodulin (OXM), are processed from an identical precursor proglucagon. In mammals, all of these peptides are suggested to be involved in the central regulation of food intake. We previously showed that intracerebroventricular administration of chicken OXM and GLP‐1 significantly suppressed food intake in chicks. Here, we show that central administration of chicken GLP‐2 potently suppresses food intake in chicks. Male 8‐day‐old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were used in all experiments. Intracerebroventricular administration of chicken GLP‐2 significantly suppressed food intake in chicks. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased by chicken GLP‐2, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration was significantly increased. Intracerebroventricular administration of chicken GLP‐2 did not affect plasma corticosterone concentration. In addition, the anorexigenic effect of GLP‐2 was not reversed by the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist α‐helical CRF, suggesting that CRF is not a downstream mediator of the anorexigenic pathway of GLP‐2 in chicks. Intracerebroventricular administration of an equimolar amount of GLP‐1 and GLP‐2, but not OXM, significantly suppressed food intake in both broiler and layer chicks. All our findings suggest that GLP‐2 functions as a potent anorexigenic peptide in the brain, as well as GLP‐1, in chicks. 相似文献
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不同日粮对快慢羽母番鸭的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不同日粮条件下快慢羽母番鸭的生长速度不同，羽慢羽母番鸭性成熟日龄分别为１６７日龄和１６４日龄；快、慢羽组１２产蛋周平均日产蛋率分别为３３．２３％和４６．９３％，二者差异显著（Ｐ＜（０．０５）。 相似文献