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1.
The plant ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the responses of vegetation dynamics to climate change in Central Asia are still unclear. In this study, we used the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) data to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation and the correlation of vegetation and climatic variables over the period of 1982–2012 in Central Asia by using the empirical orthogonal function and least square methods. The results showed that the annual NDVI in Central Asia experienced a weak increasing trend overall during the study period. Specifically, the annual NDVI showed a significant increasing trend between1982 and 1994, and exhibited a decreasing trend since 1994. The regions where the annual NDVI decreased were mainly distributed in western Central Asia, which may be caused by the decreased precipitation. The NDVI exhibited a larger increasing trend in spring than in the other three seasons. In mountainous areas, the NDVI had a significant increasing trend at the annual and seasonal scales; further, the largest increasing trend of NDVI mainly appeared in the middle mountain belt(1,700–2,650 m asl). The annual NDVI was positively correlated with annual precipitation in Central Asia, and there was a weak negative correlation between annual NDVI and temperature. Moreover, a one-month time lag was found in the response of NDVI to temperature from June to September in Central Asia during 1982–2012. 相似文献
2.
Climate warming will cause differences in precipitation distribution and changes in hydrological cycle both at regional and global scales. Arid lands of Central Asia(ALCA), one of the largest arid regions at the middle latitudes in the world, is likely to be strongly influenced by climate warming. Understanding the precipitation variations in the past is an important prerequisite for predicting future precipitation trends and thus managing regional water resources in such an arid region. In this study, we used run theory, displacement, extreme deviation theory, precipitation concentration index(PCI), Mann-Kendall rank correlation and climatic trend coefficient methods to analyze the precipitation in wet and dry years, changes in precipitation over multiple-time scales, variability of precipitation and its rate of change based on the monthly precipitation data during 1950–2000 from 344 meteorological stations in the ALCA. The occurrence probability of a single year with abundant precipitation was higher than that of a single year with less precipitation. The average duration of extreme drought in the entire area was 5 years, with an average annual water deficit of 34.6 mm(accounting for 11.2% of the average annual precipitation over the duration). The occurrence probability of a single wet year was slightly higher than that of a single dry year. The occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive wet years was 5.8%, while the occurrence probability of more than 5 consecutive dry years was 6.2%. In the center of the study area, the distribution of precipitation was stable at an intra-annual timescale, with small changes at an inter-annual timescale. In the western part of the study area, the monthly variation of precipitation was high at an inter-annual timescale. There were clear seasonal changes in precipitation(PCI=12–36) in the ALCA. Precipitation in spring and winter accounted for 37.7% and 24.4% of the annual precipitation, respectively. There was a significant inter-annual change in precipitation in the arid Northwest China(PCI=24–34). Annual precipitation increased significantly(P=0.05) in 17.4% of all the meteorological stations over the study period. The probability of an increase in annual precipitation was 75.6%, with this increase being significant(P=0.05) at 34.0% of all the meteorological stations. The average increasing rate in annual precipitation was 3.9 mm/10a(P=0.01) in the ALCA. There were significant increasing trends(P=0.01) in precipitation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, with rates of 2.6, 3.1 and 3.7 mm/10 a, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Impact of climate factors on runoff in the Kaidu River watershed:path analysis of 50-year data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Suwannee ADSAVAKULCHAI 《干旱区科学》2011,3(2):132-140
Runoff formation is a complex meteorological-hydrological process impacted by many factors,especially in the inland river basin.Based on the data of daily mean air temperature,precipitation and runoff during the period of 1958-2007 in the Kaidu River watershed,this paper analyzed the changes in air temperature,precipitation and runoff and revealed the direct and indirect impacts of daily air temperature and precipitation on daily runoff by path analysis.The results showed that mean temperature time series of the annual,summer and autumn had a significant fluctuant increase during the last 50 years(P < 0.05).Only winter precipitation increased significantly(P < 0.05) with a rate of 1.337 mm/10a.The annual and winter runoff depthes in the last 50 years significantly increased with the rates of 7.11 mm/10a and 1.85 mm/10a,respectively.The driving function of both daily temperature and precipitation on daily runoff in annual and seasonal levels is significant in the Kaidu River watershed by correlation analysis.The result of path analysis showed that the positive effect of daily air temperature on daily runoff depth is much higher than that of daily precipitation in annual,spring,autumn and winter,however,the trend is opposite in summer. 相似文献
4.
GUO Bing ZANG Wenqian YANG Fei HAN Baomin CHEN Shuting LIU Yue YANG Xiao HE Tianli CHEN Xi LIU Chunting GONG Rui 《干旱区科学》2020,12(1):1-17
The vegetation ecosystem of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China,considered to be the′′natural laboratory′′of climate change in the world,has undergone profound changes under the stress of global change.Herein,we analyzed and discussed the spatial-temporal change patterns and the driving mechanisms of net primary productivity(NPP)in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2000 to 2015 based on the gravity center and correlation coefficient models.Subsequently,we quantitatively distinguished the relative effects of climate change(such as precipitation,temperature and evapotranspiration)and human activities(such as grazing and ecological construction)on the NPP changes using scenario analysis and Miami model based on the MOD17A3 and meteorological data.The average annual NPP in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau showed a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest during 2000–2015.With respect to the inter-annual changes,the average annual NPP exhibited a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2015,with a steep increase observed in 2005 and a high fluctuation observed from 2005 to 2015.In the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,the regions with the increase in NPP(change rate higher than 10%)were mainly concentrated in the Three-River Source Region,the northern Hengduan Mountains,the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River,and the eastern parts of the North Tibet Plateau,whereas the regions with the decrease in NPP(change rate lower than–10%)were mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Ali Plateau.The gravity center of NPP in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has moved southwestward during 2000–2015,indicating that the increment and growth rate of NPP in the southwestern part is greater than those of NPP in the northeastern part.Further,a significant correlation was observed between NPP and climate factors in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.The regions exhibiting a significant correlation between NPP and precipitation were mainly located in the central and eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,and the regions exhibiting a significant correlation between NPP and temperature were mainly located in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.Furthermore,the relative effects of climate change and human activities on the NPP changes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau exhibited significant spatial differences in three types of zones,i.e.,the climate change-dominant zone,the human activity-dominant zone,and the climate change and human activity interaction zone.These research results can provide theoretical and methodological supports to reveal the driving mechanisms of the regional ecosystems to the global change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
5.
HongJun LI 《干旱区科学》2012,4(3):260-270
The surface vapor content has a close correlation with the generation of precipitation. Based on the atmospheric circulation data and surface vapor content data from 37 weather stations across the Tarim Basin during 1961 2010, the paper analyzed the vapor variation trend, period, abrupt changes and their causes. The results show that the increase trend of surface vapor content over the Tarim Basin mostly conforms with the average trend coefficient of 0.48. There were 3 centers displaying a trend of high vapor increase and 3 centers displaying a low vapor increase. These centers were distributed in strips and blocks across the basin from northeast to southwest. Notable inter-decadal variations in annual and seasonal vapor contents occurred in the Tarim Basin during the 50 years of the study period, with more vapor after the mid-1980s and less vapor in the 1960s and the 1970s. The significant increase in vapor content in the 50 year period occurred mostly in the 1980s and the 1990s. The increasing trend across the four seasons was strongest in summer, reaching 0.43, and weakest in spring. Great variations existed between the spring trend and the annual, summer, autumn and winter trends. During the 50-year study period, there are distinguishable periods of 4-6 years and 8-10 years in which the annual and seasonal vapor contents varied alternately between low and high concentrations. The annual vapor content and that of the four individual seasons all changed abruptly in about the mid-1980s (α<0.05). The west wind circulation, Tibetan Plateau circulation and the annual mean temperatures of the Tarim Basin are the main factors that influenced the surface vapor content over the study area, of which the Tibetan Plateau circulation may be the most important one. 相似文献
6.
Temperature and precipitation trends in Minqin Desert during the period of 1961-2007 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper analyzed the data of temperature and precipitation in Minqin,typical desert area in north-west China,during the period of 1961 2007 by linear regression.The result indicated that the increasing rate of the mean annual temperature in Minqin was higher than that of the average of China;and the temperature in February increased by 3.01oC averagely in the past 47 years.The climate in Minqin displayed an evident warming trend.However,there was no evidently increasing trend of precipitation in the past 47 years,and drought occurred during the whole growing season. 相似文献
7.
Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia. 相似文献
8.
Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation and the tree-ring width since 1899 was reconstructed. The results of cross verification indicated that the conversion equation is stable and the reconstructed results are reliable. The result of reconstructed annual precipitation showed the remarkable fluctuation of precipitation and dry-to-wet variation before the 1940s. The smaller fluctuation and high frequent changes of precipitation occurred during the period of 1940s-1980s and after the 1980s the change trend of the precipitation became high periodic extent and low frequent. The study found that there were some coincidences with the climate change in Changling Mountains, Helan Mountains and the east of Qilian Mountains. The relatively dry periods in the beginning of 20th century, 1920s to 1930s, the end of the 20th century and 2004 to 2006 in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia accelerated the desertification, while the relatively humid period during the periods of the 1910s-1920s, 1930s-1940s and 1990s is favorable to prevent and control the desertification, and to weaken the climate warming and drying. The periods of annual precipitation variation in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia since 1899 are approximately 2-4 years, 5-7 years and 10 years. 相似文献
9.
《干旱区科学》2016,(2)
In recent years, climate change has been aggravated in many regions of the world. The Hexi Corridor is located in the semiarid climate zone of Northwest China, which is particularly affected by climate change. Climate change has led to the spatial and temporal variations of temperature and precipitation, which may result in hydrological drought and water shortage. Thus, it is necessary to explore and assess the drought characteristics of river systems in this area. The patterns of hydrological drought in the Hexi Corridor were identified using the streamflow drought index(SDI) and standardized precipitation index at 12-month timescale(SPI12) from 1960 to 2013. The evolution of drought was obtained by the Mann–Kendall test and wavelet transform method. The results showed that both the mean annual SDI and SPI12 series in the Hexi Corridor exhibited an increasing trend during the study period. According to the results of wavelet analysis, we divided the study period into two segments, i.e. before and after 1990. Before 1990, the occurrence of droughts showing decreased SDI and SPI12 was concentrated in the northern part of the corridor and shifted to the eastern part of the corridor after 1990. The probability of drought after 1990 in Shule River basin decreased while increased in Shiyang River basin. The wavelet analysis results showed that Shiyang River basin will be the first area to go through the next drought period. Additionally, the relationships between drought pattern and climate indices were analyzed. The enhanced westerly winds and increased precipitation and glacier runoff were the main reasons of wet trend in the Hexi Corridor. However, the uneven spatial variations of precipitation, temperature and glacier runoff led to the difference of hydrological drought variations between the Shule, Heihe and Shiyang River basins. 相似文献
10.
Response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang during the period of 1998-2009 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
In this paper,10-day spatio-temporal response of vegetation to the change of temperature and precipitation in spring,summer,autumn and whole year during the period of 1998―2009 was analyzed based on the data of SPOT VEGETATION-NDVI and 10-day average temperature or precipitation from 54 meteorological stations in Xinjiang.The results show that the response of 10-day NDVI to temperature was more significant than that to precipitation,and the maximal response of vegetation to temperature and precipitation lagged for two 10-day periods.Seasonally,the effect of temperature and precipitation on vegetation NDVI was most marked in autumn,then in spring,and it was not significant in summer.The response of vegetation to 10-day change of meteorological factors was positive with a long affecting duration in spring,and it had a relatively short affecting duration in autumn and summer.Spatially,the 10-day maximal response of NDVI to temperature in northern Xinjiang was higher than that in southern Xinjiang.The correlation between the 10-day NDVI in whole year and the temperature in the 0-8th 10-day period was significantly higher than that between the annual NDVI and the annual temperature at all meteorological stations;the interannual change of NDVI was accordant well with the change of annual precipitation.However,the effect of precipitation within a year on NDVI was not strong.The results indicated that interannual change of temperature was not the dominant factor affecting the change of vegetation NDVI in Xinjiang,but the decrease of annual precipitation was the main factor resulting in the fluctuation of vegetation coverage.Ten-day average temperature was an important factor to promote vegetation growth in Xinjiang within a year,but the effect of precipitation on vegetation growth within a year was not strong. 相似文献
11.
近60 a渭河流域降水特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于1952-2011年渭河流域天水、宝鸡、武功、西安4个气象站的逐日、逐月、逐年降水量资料,利用线性回归、5 a滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall法以及小波分析,对渭河流域近60 a降水量变化进行趋势、突变以及周期分析。结果显示：渭河流域降水季节分配不均,主要集中在夏、秋两季,春、秋两季降水量呈现明显减小趋势,夏、冬两季降水量变化趋势不明显;各季节降水量年际变化显著;流域内除夏季以外,其他季节均存在突变点;4个站点均存在年总降水量突变点;渭河流域降水量的震荡周期为28~30 a;降水天数呈现减少趋势;小雨降水强度有增加趋势;除西安站外,其余3个站点1976-1990年的暴雨天数最多,暴雨天数年际变化较大。 相似文献
12.
基于内蒙古100个气象站点1960-2014年日降水数据,选取气候变化监测与指数专家组(ETCCDI)推荐的9个极端降水指数,采用Sen’s斜率法和Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验方法以及空间地统计方法,研究了极端降水指数时空演变特征。结果表明:研究区区域平均的全部极端降水指数均呈不同程度的下降趋势,且年际波动显著;分区的年际趋势有所差异,即东部地区潮湿日数(NW)呈增加趋势,其余极端降水指数均呈减少趋势,其中持续干燥指数(CDD)呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05);中部地区所有极端降水指数均呈减少趋势,其中年总降水量(PRCPTOT)减少趋势较明显;西部地区持续湿润指数(CWD)、强降水量(R95)、单日最大降水量(Rx1day)、5日最大降水量(Rx5day)呈减少趋势,其余指数均呈增加趋势。从极端降水指数变化趋势的空间分布特征来看,区域差异显著,总体上呈下降趋势的站点主要分布于内蒙古东部和中部地区,而呈上升趋势的站点主要分布于内蒙古东北部和西部地区。 相似文献
13.
乌鲁木齐市近47年气温降水特征与突变分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用乌鲁木齐市的气温和降水资料,运用气候趋势系数、一元回归分析法和5年趋势滑动,进行了气候变化的趋势分析。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市气温和降水的变化趋势基本与西北地区气候变化趋势一致;春季和夏季气温呈下降趋势,秋冬季呈上升趋势,冬季增温幅度最大;四季降水量呈增加趋势,冬季降水量增加趋势最明显。在此基础上,利用滑动T检验法、YAMAMOTO检验信噪比(SNR)、Cram er法和M ann-Kendall法进行气候突变分析,结果表明:气温突变比降水突变明显,气温在1962年发生突变。 相似文献
14.
处于季风边缘带的科尔沁沙地气候变化具有复杂性和敏感性特征,文中采用线性倾向估计、非参数检验等方法探讨了其变化规律。结果表明:近60年研究区的年均气温呈上升趋势,变化速率为0.37℃/10a,尤其是20世纪80年代中后期以来增温趋势更为明显。且年际极端最高、最低气温也呈上升趋势。在季节变化中,春、冬季增温明显,夏季和秋季变化略小。而年降水量呈稳中有降的总趋势,变化速率为-13.54mm/10a。且年际、季节的降水日数也出现减少趋势。在季节变化中,除了春季以外其它季节均有减少趋势,与SPI变化一致。气温与降水量总体上呈负相关关系,即气温上升与降水的减少相对应,因而该区气候变化呈暖干化总趋势。夏季气候变化与东亚夏季风强弱有一定联系。 相似文献
15.
全球气候变化下黄土高原泾河流域近40年的气候变化特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
全球气候变化对于农业生产活动和生态环境保护有着深刻的影响。本文用时间序列分析中的距平曲线和短期预测方法分析了泾河流域内14个气象站点1960~1999(1971-2000)年气温和降水量的变化趋势,并用简单气候偏差指数计算了逐年的降水量变差;同时用变异系数计算了14个站点1960~1999(1971-2000)年的降水量年际变差。结果表明:近40年来14个站点的年均温度呈现明显的上升趋势,平均增温0.7℃略高,年平均增温率为0.0225℃/a;年降水量呈现微弱的减少趋势,但是波动幅度和变异系数都在增加,降水量年际间偏差呈现先减少后又增加的趋势。年内气候变化的趋势变化表现为:冬季温度升高;春季、夏季降水量占全年的百分比有显著增加趋势,而秋季降水所占的百分比显著减少。最后分析了全球变化背景下泾河流域近40年来气候出现的这种暖干化趋势对流域农业生产和生态环境的可能影响,可为相关部门调整农业结构、种植结构,优化种植模式等决策提供指导。 相似文献
16.
董进国 《干旱区资源与环境》2012,(11):36-41
基于辽宁省暖和洞2支石笋6个230Th年龄与190个δ18O数据,建立了晚全新世3500～200a B.P.东亚季风降水序列。3个百年尺度的弱季风事件已被证实:2800-2600、1500-1200和400-200a B.P.,其与北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件在发生时间上具有较好的一致性。与内陆高精度、高分辨率石笋δ18O记录对比结果显示:1)轨道-千年尺度季风降水长期趋势变化相一致;2)百年-数十年尺度上季风降水具有明显的区域性,如距今1200-500 a B.P.,东北地区降水逐渐增加,西部干旱-半干旱地区降水逐渐减少,长江中下游以及南方地区降水变化趋势不明显。太阳活动与北大西洋气候波动可能对百年尺度东亚夏季风的强弱变化施加了重要影响。 相似文献
17.
乌鲁木齐市近40多年降水演变特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过分析1960-2004年乌鲁木齐市各年代际的年平均降水、各季降水、大降水(中量以上)日数以及5～9月短时强降水的演变特点和变化趋势.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市平均年降水量20世纪60年代最少,70年代开始递增,80年代以后增幅明显且呈偏多趋势,90年代平均降水量各年份差异较大,气候异常加重;冬季增减幅度最大, 80年代以后平均冬季增幅最大;近几年大雨(雪)日及暴雨日呈迅速增多趋势;各年代5～9月短时强降水变化,60年代天气最少,以后逐渐增多,80-90年代迅速增多,近几年来短时强降水呈频发趋势.揭示和认识气候变化趋势,对提高预防城市内涝、局地洪水能力和应急建设具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
18.
通过非参数检验法(Mann-Kendall)分析三江平原挠力河流域19个气象站点近50年(1956-2004)降水序列的变化趋势,并利用Surfer8.0做出流域降水量及倾斜度β值等值线图,研究该流域降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:时间上,总体上挠力河流域降水以年均1.500mm/a的幅度逐渐减少,其中9月份降幅最大,为-0.439mm/a;同时,夏秋两季(6～11月)降水都是减少的,特别是夏季(6～9月),降幅达-1.485mm/a;此外,流域降水年内分布不均,其中夏季降水最多,占全年降水总量的69.8%。空间上,对于年序列而言,降水大致以七星河流域为中心向下游逐渐增加,同时,龙头站附近出现了降水减少的低值中心;对于季序列而言,挠力河流域春季降水逐渐增加,最大值为0.338mm/a(八五三),而夏、秋、冬季降水逐渐减少,其中夏季降水变化较复杂,秋季降幅均值最大,冬季降幅最小。 相似文献
19.
从气候标准的改变分析西北地区的气候变化 总被引：21，自引：11，他引：10
利用中国西北地区122个气象站旬降水量和平均气温资料,比较了1960-1990年与1970-2000年气候标准的差异,并由此分析了西北地区气候变化的地域特征。说明西北地区在气温显著升高的同时,西部降水增加,由暖干向暖湿转型的事实,但是西北地区东部干旱的形势比前期更加严峻。西北地区30a气候标准的差异,主要是由于20世纪60年代与90年代气候状态的显著差异造成的。新气候标准的应用对于气候统计分析、评价和预报产生重要影响。 相似文献
20.
近45年内蒙古乌审旗气候变化对沙尘天气的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1961-2005年内蒙古乌审旗气象台站的地面观测资料,分析气候年代际变化特征,探讨气候变化对沙尘天气的可能影响。结果表明:近45年来,乌审旗年平均气温以0.48℃/10 a的趋势变暖,近5年气温比20世纪60年代升高了1.8℃,1961-1996年为偏冷时段,1996-2005年为偏暖时段。降水量以15.15 mm/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60年代至21世纪经历了一个"少、多、少、多"的年代际变化过程。降水量变化分4个多雨时段和4个少雨时段。年大风日数以3.53 d/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60年代是大风天气的频发期,近5年大风日数较60年代减少了197 d。年沙尘天气日数以14.96 d/10 a的趋势减少,20世纪60-70年代是沙尘天气的频发期,近5年较20世纪60-70年代减少了624.5 d;从季节变化来看,沙尘天气多的季节大风也多,气温回升快,降水量偏少;不同年代气候要素的不同组合对沙尘天气的影响有所差异,春季沙尘日数与同期大风日数的正相关较显著,与同期的气温和前一年夏季降水也显现出较好的负相关关系,夏季降水对第2年沙尘天气的预报有一定参考意义。 相似文献