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Verena Schefer-Immel 《Journal of pest science》1960,33(2):22-24
Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ermöglichte durch Bereitstellung von Mitteln die Durchführung der vorliegenden Untersuchungen, wofür auch an dieser Stelle bestens gedankt sei. 相似文献
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Lei Hua 《Journal of pest science》1987,60(3):41-44
Zusammenfassung Die GetreidehähnchenOulema melanopus (L.) undO. lichenis (Voet) traten im Jahre 1986 in Mittelhessen nur in relativ geringer Anzahl auf.Der EiparasitAnaphes flavipes (Förster) parasitierte 8 bis 19% derOulema-Eier an Getreide, 12% an Quecke und 0% anBromus sp. Larvenparasiten (wahrscheinlich 3 Arten) parasitiertenO. lichenis zu 60%.
A. flavipes konnte im Labor in Eiern von beidenOulema-Arten bis zur 5. Generation gezüchtet werden.EinAnaphes-Weibchen hatte maximal 22 Nachkommen, im Durchschnitt 8,6. Aus einemOulema-Ei schlüpften durchschnittlich 2,8 Parasiten bei einer Entwicklungsdauer von 10–13 Tagen (bei Temperaturen zwischen 22 und 25°C).Für eine Massenzucht vonA. flavipes wäre am besten, 20 bis 30Oulema-Eier mit 3 bis 4 Parasiten zusammenzubringen (: =2–31). Unbefruchtete Weibchen haben nur männliche Nachkommen.Die Möglichkeiten des praktischen Einsatzes vonA. flavipes werden diskutiert.
Mit 3 Tabellen
Nordwest-Universität für Landwirtschaft, Wugong, Shaanxi, VR China. Die Arbeiten wurden während eines Gastaufenthalts in Gießen durchgeführt.
Kontaktadresse: Dr.Th. Basedow, Institut für Phytopathologie und Angewandte Zoologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstr. 23, D-6300 Gießen 相似文献
Occurrence and parasitisation of the cereal leaf beetles (Oulema spp.) in central Hesse in 1986, and experiments for rearing of the egg parasiteAnaphes flavipes (Foerster)
The cereal leaf beetles (Oulema spp.) were rare in Hesse in 1986. The mymarid waspAnaphes flavipes parasitised 8 to 19 per cent ofOulema-eggs on cereals, 12 per cent on couch grass and zero onBromus spp. Larval parasites (presumably 3 species) parasitised 60% ofO. lichenis cocoons. A. flavipes was reared in the laboratory in eggs of bothOulema spp. up to the fifth generation. One female produced a progeny of 22 at maximum, at the average 8.6.From oneOulema-egg 2.8 parasites emerged at the average, 10 to 13 days after oviposition by the parasites, at temperatures between 22 and 25°C.The optimal number of parasites should be achieved with 20 to 30Oulema-eggs exposed to 3 to 4 parasites (including 1 male). Unmated females have male progeny only.The possibilities of usingA. flavipes for biological control of cereal leaf beetles in the field are discussed.
Mit 3 Tabellen
Nordwest-Universität für Landwirtschaft, Wugong, Shaanxi, VR China. Die Arbeiten wurden während eines Gastaufenthalts in Gießen durchgeführt.
Kontaktadresse: Dr.Th. Basedow, Institut für Phytopathologie und Angewandte Zoologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Ludwigstr. 23, D-6300 Gießen 相似文献
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During a mass propagation ofPityogenes chalcographus in Southern Bavaria the pteromalid waspKarpinskiella pityophthori Bou?ek, a parasitoid of the bark beetle which is not very well known, occurred in increased density. The wasps were attracted by the pheromone lure “Chalcoprax” which has kairomonal effect uponK. pityophthori. Investigations with the aid of pheromone baited traps and a new electronical instrument produced detailed knowledge about swarming behaviour and population density of this bark beetle antagonist. A high degree of correspondence between the pteromalid wasp andP. chalcographus could be shown concerning pheromone mediated activity, environmental thresholds and abundance dynamic. While parasitoids are not presumed to have considerable regulative potency during mass propagations of bark beetles, we found from investigations in laboratory and in the field thatK. pityophthori showed high productivity and parasitizing effectivity and so had significant influence on the density ofP. chalcographus. This effectivity was additionally increased by the fact that in the gradation area the population density of the wasp considerably adapted to the abundancy of the local bark beetle populations forming so-called “spot populations”. Because of this concentration of parasitoids in the areas of high bark beetle density we had high numbers of trapped wasps at the culmination point of the bark beetle propagation, which makes an extensive use of pheromone traps for monitoring or control ofP. chalcographus ecologically dubious. 相似文献
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J. Langewald 《Journal of pest science》1989,62(5):88-90
Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte Aspekte der Habitatselektion beim AmeisenbuntkäferThanasimus formicarius L. (Col., Cleridae).Der Ameisenbuntkäfer zieht vertikale Baumstammsilhouetten horizontalen vor. Optische Habitatmerkmale werden ollaktorischen Merkmalen vorgezogen. Borkenkäferpheromon und volatile Stoffe der Wirtsbäume wirken erst im Zusammenhang mit Baumstammsilhouetten attraktiv.
Mit 4 Abbildungen 相似文献
Studies on the habitatselection of the bark-beetlepredatorthanasimus formicarius L. (Col., Cleridae)
Optical and olfactory cues for habitatselection of the barkbeetle-predatorThanasimus formicarius were compared. In alternative choices,T. formicarius preferred black-coloured trunk-models in vertical position, if single trunk-models of equal size in vertical and horizontal position were offered. When a source ofIps typographus-pheromone and a vertical trunk-model were offered,T. formicarius preferred the trunkmodel. If in the same display a trunk-model was placed beside the pheromone-source, it showed a vice versa effect. The combination of both is more attractive toT. formicarius, than a trunkmodel only. The habitatselection appears to be mostly influenced by the optical signal stem.
Mit 4 Abbildungen 相似文献
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V. Skuhravý 《Journal of pest science》1999,72(4):95-99
An overview of knowledge about the horse chestnut minerCameraria abridella Desch. & Dem. (Lep., Gracillariidae), a pest developing in leaf mines ofAesculus bippocastanum, spread gradually from the Ohrid-Lake (Macedonia) through Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia up to the central Europe (fig.). At
present (1999) it occurs in northern Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, southern and central
Germany and in southern Poland. Usually three, but up to five generations develop a year in central-European conditions.C. obridella develops also in leaf mines onAcer pseudoplatanus andA. platanoides. The parasitation is 1–8% and seems not to increase. Heavily attacked trees do not die; only rarely the dying of heavily
damaged trees have been observed. Several insecticides may be used to control of this pest. The most successful was the growth-regulator
Dimilin with active substance of Diflubenzurol. In the future it will be possible to control populations ofCameraria obridella by pheromones. The future development of this pest and its control is discussed.
相似文献
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Erich Kirchberg 《Journal of pest science》1961,34(1):6-7
Summary
S. carnaria was successfully reared from natural infected earthworms of a given population. 6% of the worms were parasitized by the fly. The possible role of this fleshfly as important factor influencing the populations of earthworms is discussed. 相似文献
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O. Jancke 《Journal of pest science》1949,22(4):51-57
Zusammenfassung Über die Lebensweise des Birnprachtkäfers besteht vor allem dank der Arbeiten von Glasgow und Garman in den Hauptezügen Klarheit. Einige Punkte, wie die Dauer der Eiablage und der Embryonalentwicklung, die Anzahl der Larvenstadien, Beginn und Dauer des Fluges unter unseren Verhältnissen bedürfen noch eingehender Untersuchungen, die von mir bereits in Angriff genommen sind.Die Bekämpfung muß sich entsprechend der Lebensweise des Schädlings gegen die Käfer und die Eier, bzw. die Junglarven vor dem Einbohren richten. Hier liegen amerikanische Erfahrungen vor, die für uns unter Benutzung neuartiger Insektizide auszuwerten sind. Auch dazu sind umfangreiche neue Untersuchungen erforderlich.Vorläufige Mitteilung über den Stand der Kenntnisse. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung In ersten, orientierenden Versuchen wurde die Wirkung des tschechischenBeauveria bassiana-Präparates Boverol allein und in Kombination mit Pheromonfallen auf die Mortalität und das Brutverhalten des Buchdruckers,Ips typographus, untersucht. Pathogenitätstests ergaben eine Verpilzungsrate von 88,0 bis 96,7%. Wurden Käfer nach der oberflächlichen Kontamination sofort zur Brutablage an frische, berindete Fichtenstücke gesetzt, so betrug die Reduktion der Brutleistung gegenüber der Kontrolle nur etwa 23 bis 29%. Bei der geschlüpften F1-Generation von kontaminierten Altkäfern konnten keine Unterschiede zu den vergleichbaren Jungkäfern aus der unbehandelten Kontrolle festgestellt werden. Eine Übertragung des Pilzes vom Altkäfer auf den Jungkäfer fand nur in Ausnahmefällen statt. Im Freiland wurde die Wirkung einer Kombination von Pheromonfalle mitB. bassiana getestet, wobei das Einbohrverhalten und die Brutleistung der Käfer in einer darunter eingekäfigten Fichtenrolle überprüft wurden. Die Zahl der Einbohrlöcher war in der BOVEROL-Variante um etwa 15% verringert, die F1-Generation jedoch um nahezu 60%. Mögliche Einsatzstrategien vonBeauveria bassiana mit Hilfe von Pheromonfallen beiIps typographus werden erörtert.
Mit 4 Abbildungen 相似文献
Preliminary trials on the combination of pheromone traps with the entomopathogenic fungusBeauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. against the bark beetle speciesIps typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae)
In first, preliminary experiments, the efficacy of the CzechBeauveria bassiana product Boverol alone and in combination with pheromone traps on the mortality and the breeding behavior of the bark beetle,Ips typographus, was investigated. Pathogenicity tests resulted in a mortality due to the fungus of 88.0 to 96.7%. When the beetles were given directly after superficial contamination on fresh spruce pieces with bark, the reduction of the breeding efficacy was 23 to 29% compared to the untreated control. No differences between the hatched beetles from the F1-generation of contaminated beetles and those of the untreated control beetles were observed. A transfer of the fungus from the parent beetle to the young beetle was noticed only in a few cases. In the field, the efficacy of a combination of a pheromone trap withB. bassiana was tested. The number of bore holes and the breeding was measured using a caged spruce log. In the combination, the number of bore holes was reduced by 15%, but the F1-generation nearly by 60%. Possible strategies for the use ofB. bassiana in combination with pheromone traps againstIps typographus are discussed.
Mit 4 Abbildungen 相似文献
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Results of testing of three formulations of sex pheromone analogue ofCydia strobilella L. (Lep., Tortricidae) are given. The studies were carried out from 1996 to 1997 in the Beskid Śląski Mountains being under
effect of industrial emissions and the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. almost free of such effect. Traps were hung in spruce stands at
every 100 m in altitude between 700 m and 1200 m above the sea level. During studies 3054 moths ofC. strobilella were trapped including 2458 in the Beskid Śląski Mts. Concentration Cs3−Z8−C12:OH-100 was the best formulation of the pheromone.
Trapping results using this formulation (1947 moths) were statistically analized. There were no significant differences between
the numbers of moth trapped at different altitude in both areas. However, there were significant differences in case of trapping
in the Beskid Śląski Mts. in 1997, but at the 0.06 level.
Part of investigations under the problem G P06M00108. 相似文献
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我国胡桃属(Juglans L. )种质资源与核桃(Juglans regia L. )育种 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
我国是胡桃属的分布中心,原产5种,已引进5种。本文提出将我国核桃的栽培实生群划分为新疆、华北山地、秦巴山地、西藏高地四个地理生态型;并对它们的分布区域及主要生态特征以及各个地理生态型内的重要实生类群作了简要论述。 相似文献
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K. Hellrigl 《Journal of pest science》1998,71(4):65-68
The examples of two species of Gracillariidae,Phyllonorycter robiniella andCameraria ohridella, show how fast the expansion can take place: The robinia-leafminerP. robiniella was first noticed in South Tyrol in 1991 and an outbreak occured on False Acacias near Brixen, already in 1996.—The horsechestnut leafminerC. ohridella was first noticed in the Pusteria Valley near Toblach-Dobiacco, in 1992 (Butin &; Führer, 1994). The latest research, of autumn 1997, shows that they are now distributed on Horse Chestnut Trees (Aesculus hippocastanum) in the whole Isarco Valley, between Fortezza and Bozen-Bolzano (Tab. 1), whereas in the Adige Valley at south and west of Bolzano no occurrence could be found as yet. 相似文献
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Henning Lemche 《Journal of pest science》1941,17(6):68-70
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Mit 2 Abbildungen 相似文献
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Von O. Eichhorn 《Journal of pest science》2000,73(1):13-16
In the East Pontic mountains at Giresun (Black Sea shore) three species of the genus Dreyfusia have been established: D. nordmannianae Eckst. and D. prelli Grosm. on Abies nordmanniana Link. and Picea orientalis Link. and Dreyfusia nov. spec. on A. nordmanniana. The latter species, earlier known from Greece and the Balkans, but not yet described is most probably unholocyctic on fir.In the Zigana mountains between Trabzon and Gümüsane a species producing plenty galls on young P. orientalis trees and closely resembling D. merkeri Eichh. has been observed. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate whether or not it lives unholocyclic on spruce.In the West Pontic mountains near Bolu D. nordmannianae was intensively studied in twig infestations on A. bornmülleriana Mattf. The pattern of attack differs greatly from the one experienced in central Europe in that almost exclusively the current year's shoots are attacked whereas the leader and the older twig axis remain free of attack. In Europe all parts of the trees are colonized.Considering the known facts about generation- and morph sequences, morph determination and phenological behaviour of D. nordmannianae the characteristics of their population dynamics in Turkey and the interactions of the curious mode of attack and the extraordinary efficiency of their special predators have been completely evaluated. 相似文献
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A survey on the present distribution of the horse chestnut leafmining moth, Cameraria ohridella Desch. & Dimic 1986, in Europe and in Italy is given: In Europe, within a period of 15 years, the leafminer – recently introduced into Central Europe – has settled in an area that spreads over 13 latitudinal and about 20 longitudinal degrees; in Northern Italy, an area of approximately 50,000 km2 has been afflicted in the 5 years since the leafminer's introduction in South Tyrol and Julian Venetia in 1993.The development of the distribution in the region of South Tyrol and Trentino is shown: In the province of Bozen-South Tyrol, between 1995 and 1999 the moth has spread in all the three principal valleys (Eisacktal, Pustertal, Etschtal); in the Trentino province, first local attacks began only in 1998, near Trento and Riva, but spread over the entire Etschtal/Adige Valley in 1999. While in South Tyrol C. ohridella was introduced from the North (North Tyrol), the introduction into the Trentino occured from the South (Verona).At present the attacks in Trentino province are preponderantly low (resulting heavy only in the city of Trento and in Riva del Garda) and limited to altitudes ranging from 70 to 700 in. In South Tyrol, attacks are mainly heavy in altitudes ranging from 250 to 900/950 m, while they are low in the increasingly affected higher altitudes of 1,000 to 1,230 m. Numeric attack parameters are given to show attack intensities.The number of generations per year depends on the respective climatic conditions: in lower-altitudes, usually three generations develop in a year, but in higher altitudes (800 to 1,100 m) only two generations; in the climatically favoured area around the Lake Garda a (partial) fourth generation appears possible.The question of host plants (Aesculus sp., Acer sp.) and the larval parasitism of C. ohridella is discussed. The parasitism of the larvae, principally by Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), was ascertained already in the first years of attack: In South Tyrol, 16 species of parasitoids appeared, and 8 in the Trentino province, but only two species were dominant: Minotetrastichus sp. and Pnigalio sp. The level of parasitism reached was low, comparable to other Central European countries. 相似文献
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Experiments on monoterpenes in combination with Pheroprax® and Chalcoprax® in pheromone traps for catching the bark beetlesIps typographus L. andPityogenes chalcographus L. (Col., Scolytidae) It is highly evident that monoterpenes of the host tree serve as olfactory stimulants for “pioneer-beetles” colonizing first a tree before any bark-beetle-produced aggregation pheromones can lure those beetles to the host. The findings ofRedemann (1993) about a significant increase of spruce engraver catches by addition of both (?)-alpha-pinen and (+)-limonen simultaneously to pheroprax-baited bark beetle traps (PheropraxR being the aggregation pheromone ofIps typographus) induced us to conduct field experiments testing the same host volatiles in comparable bark beetle traps baited with either Pheroprax® or Chalcoprax® (aggregation pheromone ofPityogenes chalcographus). Despite we used methods considering the influence of place and time on the bark beetle flight activities, in 3 experiments with 30 repetitions in total no monoterpene-induced enhancement oftypographus-catches could be found; the same was true withP. chalcographus (2 experiments, 18 repetitions in total). With respect to the important role of host volatiles also from a practical point of view, it is strongly recommended to repeat experiments like these under different conditions to reveal the reasons of the different findings. 相似文献