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1.
Four derivatives, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl trifluoroacetate and the corresponding trichloroacetate, N-methyl-(Z)-9-tetradecenyl carbamate and (Z)-12-heptadecen-2-one, have been shown to inhibit the response of Heliothis virescens to its natural pheromone. This inhibition was demonstrated to be reversible and has been suggested to be based on an associative interaction between the receptor site and the carbonyl group of the antipheromone. 相似文献
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The aggregation pheromone of strawberry blossom weevil [Anthonomus rubi Herbst (Col.: Curculionidae)], a 1:4:1 blend of Grandlure I, II and racemic lavadulol, has been available for pest monitoring for several years but shows low attractancy. Attempts to control A. rubi using the pheromone alone were also unsuccessful. This paper reports the finding that addition of the major flower volatile from wild strawberry flowers [Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae)], 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (comprising 98% of the volatiles emitted from wild strawberry flowers), to the aggregation pheromone increased trap catches by over two fold compared to the pheromone alone. There was no significant difference between the response of overwintered or summer emerged adults. Field trials in 2007–2008 in central and southern Norway, Denmark and southern England used green funnel traps with white cross vanes for the evaluations. (-)-Germacrene D, previously shown to be emitted by plants in increased amounts in the presence of pheromone producing weevils, did not improve trap catches. Thus, the combined use of the aggregation pheromone and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene is promising for improved monitoring and possibly control of this important pest of strawberry. 相似文献
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Matthew S. Siderhurst Eric B. Jang Lori A. F. N. Carvalho Janice T. Nagata Nathan T. Derstine 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
Identification of the Darna pallivitta (Moore) pheromone component n-butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (E7,9-10:COOn-Bu) has made it possible to investigate communication disruption to control this lepidopteran pest. Conventional communication disruption trials showed marked decreases in the mean number of male moths captured in E7,9-10:COOnBu-treated fields compared with control fields. For traps baited with E7,9-10:COOnBu, percent disruptions were 94.4% and 92.1% for septa (1 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration) and spirals (6 g pheromone/ha, 8-wk trial duration) respectively. For traps baited with virgin female moths, percent disruption was 73.3% using septa disruptors (1 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration). Mobile communication disruption using Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) as carriers for E7,9-10:COOn-Bu was evaluated in the following three areas: fly survivorship, attraction of male moths to treated flies, and moth disruption in a small-scale field trial. Topical application of E7,9-10:COOnBu showed no significant decrease in survivorship at 50 and 80 µg/fly. However, decreased survivorship was observed at 100 µg/fly and linear regression showed E7,9-10:COOnBu dose was significantly correlated with B. cucurbitae survivorship. Traps containing honey–pheromone-fed flies attracted and caught D. pallivitta over a 1-wk period, demonstrating the attractiveness of the carrier. Releasing E7,9-10:COOnBu-fed B. cucurbitae (∼2 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration) resulted in significantly reduced trap catches in treatment fields compared with control fields on the first 2 d of the field trial. Percent disruptions were 84.7% (day 1) and 56.0% (day 2). These results suggest that both conventional communication disruption and mobile communication disruption have potential to control D. pallivitta. 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾的生物防治及潜在入侵风险 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是世界重要农业害虫,原产于美洲地区。2018年底入侵我国,2019年4月30日,在海南省,草地贪夜蛾在海口首次发现,目前该虫已在海南省18个县市定殖。本文在收集、整理草地贪夜蛾入侵地生物生态学、地理分布等信息的基础上,综述国内外草地贪夜蛾的天敌如寄生蜂、线虫、病原真菌、病毒及信息素诱杀的研究和利用情况;同时,利用Maxent生态位模型和ArcGIS对草地贪夜蛾在我国的潜在适生区进行了风险评估,结果表明长江流域以南和华中地区在气候条件、寄主等方面利于草地贪夜蛾的生存和为害。海南省可满足草地贪夜蛾周年生存,可成为迁飞虫源地,且海南是国家南繁科研育种基地,该虫在海南的发生会影响我国种业安全,因此亟需加强对其监测和防控。 相似文献
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《Crop Protection》2007,26(6):837-844
Field studies were carried out from 2002 to 2004 in an olive grove near Cairo, Egypt, to evaluate the efficacy of the mating disruption to control the olive pest Palpita unionalis, during the 1st (May–June) or the 1st and the 2nd (September–November) distinct flight periods. The binary blend of the two pheromone components, E-11-hexadecenyl acetate and E-11-hexadecenal, at the ratio of 70:30 in hexane was dispensed from polyethylene (PE) vials or absorbed into montmorillonite and dispensed from PE bags at a dose of 80 g active ingredients per hectare. Efficacy was measured considering suppression of pheromone trap catches, reduction of the moth population and fruit damage during harvest in the pheromone treated compared to the control (CO) plots. Male captures in treated plots were reduced by 91.3% (2002), 91.8% (2003) and 80.6% (2004) during trapping periods of 8, 21 and 20 weeks, respectively. The number of eggs recorded and fruit damage were lower in the pheromone treated than in CO plot. The fruit infestation accounted to 13.6±2.7% vs. 37.8±3.9% in 2003, a low fruiting year and 9.7±0.75 vs. 34.8±2.8% in 2004, a high fruiting year in treated and CO plots, respectively. Capillary GC analysis indicated that the release rate of E-11-hexadecenyl acetate was effective for the testing period; whereas the release and degradation of E-11-hexadecenyl were high, the inclusion of a photostabilizer into the pheromone-clay complex during 2004 improved substantially the release rate and photooxidation of the aldehyde. 相似文献
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采用乙醚超声萃取法提取马来西亚产小果沉香所结沉香的挥发性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术分析其化学成分,并与马来西亚产白木香、柯拉斯那沉香和近全缘沉香结香样品进行对比分析。结果表明,小果沉香结香样品挥发性成分的组成的主要为5,8-二羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、对映-4(15)-桉叶烷-11-醇-1-酮、6-甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮和(1β,4αβ,7β,8αβ)-八氢-7-[1-(羟甲基)乙烯基]-1,8α-二甲基萘-4α(2H)-醇（相对百分含量均超过10%）,栽培结香样品与野生结香样品区别较大,前者倍半萜类化合物相对百分含量明显高于色酮类化合物,而后者则是色酮类化合物相对百分含量高于倍半萜类化合物或相当,前者倍半萜和色酮种类均较多,其中倍半萜的种类也多于色酮类化合物,其相对百分含量也较高,色酮的种类较少,其相对百分含量也较低,而后者倍半萜和色酮的种类均较少,其中倍半萜的种类多于色酮类化合物,但相对百分含量较低,而色酮的种类少,但相对百分含量却较高。另外,有一种倍半萜类化学成分,即11,13-二羟基-9(10)-烯-8α,12-环氧艾里莫芬烷只在栽培小果沉香结香样品中检测到。此外,将小果沉香与白木香、柯拉斯那沉香、近全缘沉香结香样品中挥发性成分对比分析发现,其种类、相对百分含量与后三者均具有较大差异,所有样品中仅有2种共有成分,即5,8-二羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮和6-甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮。 相似文献
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大豆对光周期极为敏感,单一品种的适应范围狭窄。大豆品种在不同纬度间的适应性与开花期密切相关。为了获得更多的大豆开花期相关QTL,了解在豆适应机制,利用开花主效位点E1~E4基因型均相同的滑皮豆和齐黄26（E1e2asE3-HaE4）杂交衍生的重组自交系群体及前期基于特异长度扩增片段测序（Specific Length Amplified Fragment-sequencing, SLAF-seq）构建的高密度遗传图谱,对大豆开花期性状进行了QTL定位。共获得了分布在7条染色体上的11个QTL位点,其中4个位点（qFT8,qFT20-2,qFT14和qFT16）为本研究新发现的QTL。同时,研究发现6个QTL（qFT6-1,qFT8,qFT11-1,qFT19,qFT20-1和qFT20-2）在2013年和2014年两个环境中稳定存在。对稳定QTL位点间的基因进行生物信息学分析,筛选出4个可能参与开花期调控的候选基因。本研究结果能够为阐明大豆适应性分子机制和广适性分子育种提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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本研究对太阳能自控多方式诱虫灯诱捕槟榔害虫的效果进行了评价。结果表明,经过240 d,诱虫灯共诱捕害虫255 924头,共计8个目、26科、46种昆虫,其中鳞翅目害虫达到64.33%;诱虫灯诱虫数量、重量在8—11月增加,12—2月减少,3月后再增加,其诱虫数量变化与当地虫害发生规律相一致,且益虫仅占总虫量的0.80%;灯控区槟榔受虫害等级比非灯控区少1~3个等级,虫害发生等级控制在++以内。灯控区坐果率在开花结果初期、收获期明显高于非灯控区,明显降低落果率,单株产量达到10.96 kg,比非灯控区提高36.61%。因此,该型诱虫灯在槟榔园使用具有诱虫谱广,诱杀作用强的特点,可大幅减少虫害发生,提高坐果率,增加产量。 相似文献
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In Southeast Asia, upland rice (Oryza sativa) is an annual crop typically grown for subsistence on hilly lands that are at risk for soil erosion. If perennial cultivars of upland rice were developed, they would provide farmers with an inexpensive tool to produce a preferred food while conserving soil. O. rufipogon, the undomesticated progenitor of O. sativa, includes perennial and stoloniferous forms. To evaluate the feasibility of developing perennial cultivars by combining genes of O. sativa and O. rufipogon, four trials were conducted in an upland field at IRRI: O. sativa/O. rufipogon F1 clone and cutting height trial, F2 family trial, and two O. sativa/stoloniferous-selection factorial mating design trials. Plants were established at the beginning of the rainy season, then subjected to a 6-month dry season and evaluated for survival after 1 year. Of the 2101 cultivar control plants, only three IR47686-1-4-B individuals survived and none produced stolons. The 18 F1 clones, which were selected from previous trials with less drought stress, ranged in survival from 4.4 to 91.4%. Cutting height at harvest did not affect survival. Survival among the F2 families ranged from 9.4 to 31.9%. Segregation for stolon presence did not differ from a 3:1 ratio for five of the six F2 families, suggesting the effect of a single dominant gene. Average yields per plant for the F2 families were 1/3 to 1/9 of yields for the cultivars. However, by crossing the F1s to cultivars, yield potential was almost fully recovered. For the full-sib families of the factorial trials, survival ranged from 0.0 to 48.6%. Azucena and IR47686-1-4-B, both japonica cultivars, exhibited greater general combining ability for survival relative to the six other cultivar parents. Thus, the process of developing perennial cultivars of rice should include screening annual cultivars to identify those with the best combining ability for survival. To develop cultivars of perennial upland rice, drought avoidance and/or tolerance from annual upland cultivars must be combined with the capacity for perennial growth from wild perennial species. The frequency of stolonifereous testcross progeny was lower than expected and was affected by the O. sativa parent. Thus, additional genes likely affected stolon penetrance and expression. Analyses of covariance indicated that stolons improved the likelihood of survival for progenies of the factorial trials but the effect was small (b < 0.1), and that yield (g/plant) had a small negative effect on percent survival (b = −0.13 to −0.32). This study demonstrated that it was possible to introgress genes for perennial growth from wild O. rufipogon accessions into domesticated O. sativa. Additionally, strategies for developing perennial cultivars of upland rice were improved. 相似文献
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Heavy infestation of faba bean fields by Orobanche foetida is an emerging problem in Tunisia. Field trials during three consecutive crop seasons demonstrated the resistance of three genotypes to O. foetida, including the cv. Baraca, selected for resistance to O. crenata, and two Tunisian breeding lines, Bader and XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1. Resistant genotypes displayed a parasitism index two-fold lower than that of the susceptible checks. They carried 2–8 times less of tubercle attachments and 2–3 times less of emerged parasite spikes at pod setting stage and at crop maturity, respectively. Seed-yield losses by parasitism reached 90% for the susceptible checks and were two-fold lower for the resistant genotypes. Parasitism affected negatively the protein/starch ratio of seeds of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. The line XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 was the best candidate for registration because of better productivity in non-infested fields and production of high-weight seeds. 相似文献
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Liang Zhou Jin-Kai Wang Qiong Yi Yi-Zhong Wang Ying-Guo Zhu Zhi-Hong Zhang 《Field Crops Research》2007,100(2-3):294-301
Previous QTL studies on seedling vigor in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were conducted all based on laboratory germination tests. In the current study, a set of recombinant inbred lines derived from a rice cross were assessed for seedling vigor related traits in natural field environments including two treatments (drained soil and flooded soil). Composite interval mapping identified nine QTL for seedling vigor traits that correlated positively with each other. Individual QTL explained 4–14% of the total trait variation. Among the QTL, three and four were specific to the drained and flooded treatments, respectively, while two others were common between the two treatments. Four QTL (qFV-1-1, qFV-3-2, qFV-5-1 and qFV-10) each simultaneously showed effect on two or more traits with additive effects always in the same direction. The QTL qFV-5-1 could be further resolved into at least two linked loci, qFV-5-1a controlling seedling height and qFV-5-1b controlling seedling dry weight while the QTL qFV-10 could be a single locus with a pleiotropic effect on both seedling height and dry weight. The QTL qFV-1-1 and qFV-3-2 expressed specially under the flooded conditions, each pleiotropically controlling both coleoptile and seedling emergence. These two QTL were completely different from that affecting seedling emergence in the drained conditions. Comparison of the QTL indicated that the QTL mapping results based on field assessments could to some extent coincide with those based on lab tests but the discrepancy between the two kinds of experiments could not be overlooked. 相似文献
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Z. Basky 《Crop Protection》1993,12(8):605-609
A yellow water pan trap was used to collect Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) in Central Hungary in 1989. In 1990 a Rothamsted-type suction trap collected 31 individuals. A D. noxia infestation was found in an autumn-sown wheat field in October 1990. The D. noxia population that overwintered was holocyclic. The life-span of fundatrices was 43.2 days at 18–22°C. The number of nymphs produced per fundatrix was 46.6. Average progeny numbers of first-generation apterae and alatae were 29.4 and 21.4, respectively. Second-generation apterae produced an average of 48.8 nymphs; 35.9% of nymphs were alatiform. The D. noxia population reached its peak on 3 July in the field, at which time the mean number of individuals per wheat plant was 3953.6. By 20 July, the wheat plants had matured and the D. noxia colonies had disappeared from the wheat. 相似文献
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水稻穗顶部小穗退化在水稻生产中普遍存在,严重影响了水稻产量。本文对水稻穗顶部小穗退化突变体paa1-2进行表型观察,同时测序分析突变体paa1-2中已报道的TUTOU1和PAA1基因序列。结果表明,突变体paa1-2穗顶部退化表型是在幼穗发育6期后产生的。突变体paa1-2和野生型的TUTOU1基因序列一致,然而其PAA1基因存在突变,在第1512~1515 bp处存在4个碱基缺失,导致基因移码突变并使得蛋白翻译提前终止,PAA1-2可能是已报道PAA1基因的新等位突变基因。 相似文献
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为了研究红树林来源真菌Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2的次生代谢产物及其生物活性,综合利用多种色谱技术对该菌株发酵产物进行分离纯化,结合波谱学与理化常数分析进行化合物结构鉴定,分别采用液体浸泡法和Ellman比色法对化合物的全齿复活线虫致死活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行测试。从Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2发酵产物乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离鉴定了7个异香豆素类化合物,分别为 (S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein (1),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O- methylmellein (2),(3S,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (3),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxymellein (4),(3S,4R)-(+)-4- hydroxymellein (5),(3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (6)和(3R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (7)。其中,化合物1具有较强全齿复活线虫致死活性,化合物1~3、6和7具有一定的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。本研究首次发现化合物(S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein具有较强的抗线虫活性,为相关杀线虫药物的研发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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灰茶尺蠖性信息素田间应用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灰茶尺蠖是我国茶树重要的食叶害虫,严重影响茶叶的质量和产量。为了给灰茶尺蠖性信息素的田间应用提供指导,本文对其性信息素缓释载体类型、诱捕器类型、诱捕器高度以及使用间距等参数进行了研究。结果显示,灰茶尺蠖性信息素以异戊二烯橡胶塞为缓释载体对灰茶尺蠖雄虫具有最好的引诱效果,效果优于硅胶塞和PVC毛细管;5种测试诱捕器中,船型诱捕器最适合引诱灰茶尺蠖;当诱捕器置于茶树上部25βcm时,引诱效果最好;诱捕器保持15βm的间距时,诱捕效率最高。本研究结果可为灰茶尺蠖性信息素应用于雄虫诱杀提供科学依据。 相似文献
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WD40是转录因子大家族,具有调节花青素苷生物合成、植物生长发育及非生物胁迫响应等功能,LWD（LIGHT-REGULATED WD）基因是该家族中已知的生物钟调节因子,但目前有关植物LWD基因的报道较少,其功能还有待深入研究。为探究LWD基因对滇水金凤花色的影响,本研究以滇水金凤花器官为材料,采用RT-PCR等技术克隆得到2个滇水金凤LWD基因,分别命名为IuLWD1和IuLWD2,其cDNA全长分别为1041 bp和1032 bp,分别编码347个和344个氨基酸。基本理化性质分析显示,IuLWD1和IuLWD2的GC含量分别为46%和50%,相对分子量分别为38 838.47 kDa和39 029.65 kDa,理论等电点分别为4.71和4.70。IuLWD1和IuLWD2的不稳定指数分别为53.60和52.58,均属于不稳定蛋白;其总平均亲水指数分别为-0.388和-0.366,均为亲水性蛋白。结构域分析显示,IuLWD1和IuLWD2均含有6个典型的WD40-repeat保守结构域,属于WD40超家族。多序列比对发现,IuLWD1和IuLWD2氨基酸序列与牡丹、葡萄及杨梅等氨基酸序列相似度较高。系统发育分析表明,IuLWD1与葡萄和牡丹聚为一支,同源性达85%;IuLWD2与杨梅聚为一支,同源性达90%,然后共同聚类在一支,推测2个基因为旁系亲缘关系。qRT-PCR分析表明,IuLWD1和IuLWD2基因在4种不同花色滇水金凤及其4个不同发育阶段均有表达,均以深红色表达量最高,白色表达量最低,2个基因的表达量均与花色呈正相关,且IuLWD1基因的表达量高于IuLWD2基因的表达量,表明IuLWD1和IuLWD2基因均在滇水金凤花色素苷的生物合成中发挥了作用,且IuLWD1基因对滇水金凤花色形成的调控作用更强。该研究结果为进一步探究滇水金凤花色形成及变异机理、凤仙花花色改良及新品种培育奠定基础。 相似文献
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本研究克隆了尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, Foc4）转录因子FoSkn7一个候选的下游基因,结果表明该基因cDNA编码序列全长1737 nt,编码一个含578个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。对其编码的蛋白进行了结构域和进化分析,结果表明该蛋白质含有胁迫诱导蛋白（stress-in-ducible protein-1, STI1）结构域和多个三角形4肽重复序列结构域（tetratricopeptide repeat, TPR）。该蛋白质与尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型的磷酸化应激诱导蛋白1（STIP1）亲缘关系最近,因此初步将其确定为Foc4的磷酸化应激诱导蛋白并命名为FoSTIP1。采用相对荧光定量PCR方法分析了该基因在野生型B2菌株入侵香蕉苗根部及在外源H2O2诱导情况下的表达变化,也分析了FoSKN7基因缺失突变体中该基因在外源H2O2诱导情况下的表达。结果表明在入侵香蕉苗根部及在外源H2O2诱导情况下,B2菌株中的FoSTIP1表达均有上调,而FoSKN7基因缺失突变体中FoSTIP1即使有H2O2诱导,其表达也远低于B2菌株中的FoSTIP1。推测FoSTIP1可能是FoSkn7的靶基因并参与了Foc4抗外源氧化胁迫。 相似文献