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[目的]探讨花榈木幼苗接种不同根瘤菌对中度干旱胁迫的生理响应,筛选促进幼苗抗旱的优良菌株。[方法]以接种不同菌株根瘤菌的花榈木幼苗和不接种的花榈木对照幼苗为研究材料,采用盆栽的方法进行持续干旱的胁迫试验。测定接种不同根瘤菌后的花榈木幼苗在中度干旱胁迫下的相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素荧光等相关生理指标,并对各处理幼苗进行隶属函数抗旱性综合评价。[结果]表明:接种根瘤菌能显著降低中度干旱胁迫对花榈木幼苗叶片质膜相对透性的影响,与对照比较降幅为29.4%73.9%。与对照相比,接菌处理的脯氨酸和可溶性糖平均含量以及SOD活性平均值分别提高了199.8%、135.3%和200.2%,而膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量降低26.2%78.0%,光合速率最高比对照提高11.6倍。受到中度干旱胁迫时,接种根瘤菌的花榈木幼苗PSⅡ反应中心内的光能转化效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性提高,对干旱胁迫的调节适应能力较强。[结论]不同根瘤菌菌株对幼苗的抗旱性影响差异显著(P0.05);抗旱性综合评价结果显示,接种10号、11号、9号、16号、7号、13号菌株的花榈木幼苗平均隶属函数值为0.62 0.81,为高抗旱处理,可初步作为优良的抗旱菌株。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):547-556
Fungi were isolated from the roots and growth substrate of bare‐rooted and containerized Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies nursery seedlings displaying a root dieback. Isolations were also made from visually healthy seedlings. The potential pathogenicity of all isolated species was determined in laboratory trials. Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma viride were frequently isolated. The isolation frequency of a uninucleate Rhizoctonia‐like fungus, Pythium spp. and Phytophthora imdulatum from diseased containerized seedlings and their pathogenicity in tests suggest that these fungi are likely involved in the root dieback disease in containers. The pathogenic Rhizoctonia‐like fungus in addition to Pythium spp. was also isolated from bare‐rooted seedlings. In greenhouse tests Pythium spp. were more pathogenic to 4‐week‐old Scots pine seedlings grown before transplantation in unsterile substrate than to those seedlings grown axenically in agar. External factors are considered to have some role in the expression of disease. 相似文献
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分别采用D20cm×H20cm、D 30 cm ×H 30 cm两种规格的k-2控根容器、美植袋和普通塑料盆作为培育3年生浙江楠苗木的试验容器,以露地栽植为对照.分析了不同规格容器对培育3年生浙江楠苗木的形态、生物量积累、生理、根系构型指标及苗木质量指数的影响,结果表明:美植袋和k-2控根容器栽植的苗木不存在根系在盆内屈曲缠绕的问题,美植袋栽植苗木的形态指标优于其他两种容器,D 30 cm ×H 30 cm的美植袋和k-2控根容器栽植的浙江楠3年生苗的生物量积累指标与对照无显著性差异,D 30 cm×H 30 cm的k-2控根容器栽植苗木的生理指标最好,其次是D 30 cm×H30 cm的美植袋,D 30 cm×H30 cm的美植袋和k-2控根容器的根系构型均优于对照且与对照存在显著性差异.因此,D 30 cm×H30 cm的美植袋和k-2控根容器是适宜3年生浙江楠育苗的栽培容器,考虑运输的方便性,美植袋优于k-2控根容器. 相似文献
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Plant roots play important roles in acquisition of water and nutrients, storage, anchoring, transport, and symbiosis with soil microorganisms, thus quantitative researches on root developmental processes are essential to understand root functions and root turnover in ecosystems,and at the same time such researches are the most difficult because roots are hidden underground. Therefore, how to investigate efficiently root functions and root dynamics is the core aspect in underground ecology. In this article, we reviewed some experimental methods used in root researches on root development and root system architecture, and summarized the advantages and shortages of these methods. Based on the analyses, we proposed three new ways to more understand root processes:(1) new experimental materials for root development;(2) a new observatory system comprised of multiple components, including many observatory windows installed in field, analysis software,and automatic data transport devices;(3) new techniques used to analyze quantitatively functional roots. 相似文献
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B. J. Wang W. Zhang P. Ahanbieke Y. W. Gan W. L. Xu L. H. Li P. Christie L. Li 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(5):835-850
A field study was conducted at Hetian, southern Xinjiang, northwest China, to investigate root morphology as affected by interspecific interactions between jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The treatments comprised (1) sole wheat, (2) 3-, 5- and 7-year-old sole jujube trees, and (3) intercropping of wheat/3-, 5- and 7-year-old jujube trees. Roots were sampled by auger in each plot down to 100 cm depth at 20 cm intervals in the soil profile and horizontally up to 150 cm away from the base of the trees at 30 cm intervals. All jujube/wheat intercropping systems had advantages of intercropping with a land equivalent ratio (LER) >1. There were significant differences in the contours of both root length density (RLD) and root diameter (RD) in intercropped wheat and jujube in the vertical and horizontal direction at corresponding soil depths but the RLD and RD of the 7-year-old jujube/wheat intercropping system were less influenced by intercropping in this respect than 3- and 5-year-old jujube intercropped with wheat. The roots of both intercropped wheat and jujube had smaller RLD, RD and larger specific root lengths (SRLs) at corresponding soil depths than did sole wheat and jujube. The older the jujube the larger were the SRL values of intercropped wheat and the smaller the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat. The greater the distance from the jujube the less influence there was on the RLD, SRL and RD of intercropped wheat and jujube and the greater the distance from the jujube the smaller was the SRL of intercropped wheat and the greater the RLD and RD of intercropped wheat (but still less than the monoculture wheat). The older the jujube the more developed were the jujube roots so that the smaller the SRL of jujube the bigger the RLD and RD of jujube. Jujube tree roots showed a mainly downward trend and extended laterally 150 cm from the trees resulting in the roots of the jujube trees and the wheat having niche overlap at a soil depth of 20–40 cm. The mechanisms underlying the thinner roots of wheat and jujube require further investigation. 相似文献
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Root respiration may account for as much as 60% of total soil respiration. Therefore, factors that regulate the metabolic activity of roots and associated microbes are an important component of terrestrial carbon budgets. Root systems are often sampled by diameter and depth classes to enable researchers to process samples in a systematic and timely fashion. We recently discovered that small, lateral roots at the distal end of the root system have much greater tissue N concentrations than larger roots, and this led to the hypothesis that the smallest roots have significantly higher rates of respiration than larger roots. This study was designed to determine if root respiration is related to root diameter or the location of roots in the soil profile. We examined relationships among root respiration rates and N concentration in four diameter classes from three soil depths in two sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forests in Michigan. Root respiration declined as root diameter increased and was lower at deeper soil depths than at the soil surface. Surface roots (0-10 cm depth) respired at rates up to 40% greater than deeper roots, and respiration rates for roots < 0.5 mm in diameter were 2.4 to 3.4 times higher than those for roots in larger diameter classes. Root N concentration explained 70% of the observed variation in respiration across sites and size and depth classes. Differences in respiration among root diameter classes and soil depths appeared to be consistent with hypothesized effects of variation in root function on metabolic activity. Among roots, very fine roots in zones of high nutrient availability had the highest respiration rates. Large roots and roots from depths of low nutrient availability had low respiration rates consistent with structural and transport functions rather than with active nutrient uptake and assimilation. These results suggest that broadly defined root classes, e.g., fine roots are equivalent to all roots < 2.0 mm in diameter, do not accurately reflect the functional categories typically associated with fine roots. Tissue N concentration or N content (mass x concentration N) may be a better indicator of root function than root diameter. 相似文献
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Variations of fine root diameter with root order in Manchurian ash and Dahurian larch plantations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiangrong Wang Zhengquan Wang Youzhi Han Jiacun Gu Dali Guo Li Mei 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2007,2(1):34-39
Fine root lifespan and turnover play an important role in carbon allocation and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Fine
roots are typically defined as less than 1 or 2 mm in diameter. However, when categorizing roots by this diameter size, the
position of an individual root on the complex lateral branching pattern has often been ignored, and our knowledge about relationships
between branching order and root function thus remains limited. More recently, studies on root survivals found that longevity
was remarkably different in the same branching level due to diameter variations. The objectives of this study were: (1) To
examine variations of fine root diameter from the first-to fifth-orders in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr and Larix gmelinii Rupr roots; and (2) To reveal how the season, soil nutrient, and water availability affect root diameter in different branch
order in two species. This study was conducted at Maoershan Forest Research Station (45°21′–45°25′N, 127°30′–127°34′E) owned
by Northeast Forestry University in Harbin, northeast China. Both F. mandshurica and L. gmelinii were planted in 1986. In each plantation, fine roots of two species by sampling up to five fine root branch orders three
times during the 2003 growing season from two soil depths (i.e., 0–10 and 10–20 cm) were obtained. The results showed that
average diameters of fine roots were significantly different among the five branch orders. The first-order had the thinner
roots and the fifth order had the thickest roots, the diameter increasing regularly with the ascending branch orders in both
species. If the diameter of fine roots was defined as being smaller than 0.5 mm, the first three orders of F. mandshurica roots and the first two orders of L. gmelinii roots would be included in the fine root population. The diameter ranges of the fine roots from first-order to fifth-order
were 0.15–0.58, 0.18–0.70, 0.26–1.05, 0.36–1.43, and 0.71–2.96 mm for F. mandshurica, and 0.17–0.76, 0.23–1.02, 0.26–1.10, 0.38–1.77, and 0.84–2.80 mm for L. gmelinii. The average coefficient of variation in first-order roots was less than 10%, second-and third-order was 10–20%, and fourth-and
fifth-order was 20–30%. Thus, variation in root diameter also increased with the ascending root order. These results suggest
that “fine roots”, which are traditionally defined as an arbitrary diameter class (i.e., <2 mm in diameter) may be too large
a size class when compared with the finest roots. The finest roots have much shorter lifespan than larger diameter roots;
however, the larger roots are still considered a component of the fine root system. Differences in the lifespan between root
diameter and root order affect estimates of root turnover. Therefore, based on this study, it has been concluded that both
diameter and branch order should be considered in the estimation of root lifespan and turnover.
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Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 871–877 [译自: 植物生态学报] 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):233-242
Scots pine and different provenances of lodgepole pine were compared in regard to root characteristics and the distribution of biomass within individual trees. Tap root formation was more frequent and the root/shoot ratio was higher on Scots pine than on lodgepole pine but significant variation of these traits was found between provenances of planted lodgepole pine. A non‐destructive method for estimation of root biomass was developed. 相似文献
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Fine root distribution and structural root characteristics of four-years-old multipurpose woody species with potential for
use in agroforestry systems were investigated on an Alfisol in the forest savanna transition zone of south-western Nigeria.
Rooting patterns of woody species studied differed considerably. Lonchocarpus sericeus had the lowest percentage (21%) of
total fine roots confined to the upper (0 to 30 cm) soil layer, compared to 84% with Tetrapleura tetraptera. Despite the superior
tap root system of Enterolobium cyclocarpum and the fine root form of Nauchlea latifolia however, their extensive distribution
and very large lateral woody root volume density may pose a major problem for seedbed preparation and tillage operations in
simultaneous agroforestry systems. Lonchocarpus sericeus appears to have the most desirable structural and fine root architecture
among the species studied for simultaneous agroforestry systems. The total root density below the underlying distal soil layers
was linearly related to the sum of square of tap root diameter and the corresponding soil depths.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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By influencing belowground processes, streamside vegetation affects soil processes important to surface water quality. We
conducted this study to compare root distributions and dynamics, and total soil respiration among six sites comprising an
agricultural buffer system: poplar (Populus × euroamericana‘ Eugenei), switchgrass, cool-season pasture grasses, corn (Zea
mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). The dynamics of fine (0--2 mm) and small roots (2--5 mm) were assessed by
sequentially collecting 35 cm deep, 5.4 cm diameter cores from April through November. Coarse roots were described by excavating
1 × 1 × 2 m pits and collecting all roots in 20 cm depth increments. Root distributions within the soil profile were determined
by counting roots that intersected the walls of the excavated pits. Soil respiration was measured monthly from July to October
using the soda-lime technique. Over the sampling period, live fine-root biomass in the top 35 cm of soil averaged over 6 Mg
ha-1 for the cool-season grass, poplar, and switchgrass sites while root biomass in the crop fields was < 2.3 Mg ha-1 at its maximum. Roots of trees, cool-season grasses, and switchgrass extended to more than 1.5 m in depth, with switchgrass
roots being more widely distributed in deeper horizons. Root density was significantly greater under switchgrass and cool-season
grasses than under corn or soybean. Soil respiration rates, which ranged from 1.4--7.2 g C m-2 day-1, were up to twice as high under the poplar, switchgrass and cool-season grasses as in the cropped fields. Abundant fine roots,
deep rooting depths, and high soil respiration rates in the multispecies riparian buffer zones suggest that these buffer systems
added more organic matter to the soil profile, and therefore provided better conditions for nutrient sequestration within
the riparian buffers.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献