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1.
《华北农学报》2017,(6)
为拓宽新的紫色材料资源,选育出属于中国的紫色大白菜品种,以新型紫色材料15NG28及其杂交F1、回交一代BC1F1、自交后代等为材料,研究其植物学性状、叶片的花青苷分布、基因组倍性和染色体数、基于转录组测序的差异表达基因等。结果表明,紫色材料15NG28与大白菜可以进行常规杂交,并获得F1种子,F1植株叶片颜色表现为紫色和绿色2类。在幼苗期和成株期,15NG28与紫色F1植株子叶和真叶的正反面、叶脉均表现为紫色,紫色F1叶柄正反面也表现为深紫色,但15NG28叶柄的正面为紫色,反面为绿色。同时,F1植株的基因组倍性和染色体数也不同,倍性表现为3n、4n和6n等,染色体数为24,28,36条等。其中16M-170-21叶片性状偏向于芥菜型,自交结实性好,自交后代植株表现出差异明显的性状,而16M-170-22叶片性状偏向于白菜型,在其BC1F1中31株全部表现为白菜性状,紫色与绿色植株的分离比例为14∶17,且14株紫色植株的自交结实性状好。紫色与绿色植株转录组测序结果表明,紫色植株的类黄酮、黄酮、黄酮醇和花青素合成途径的12个基因表达量均明显上调,其中2个结构基因无色花青素双加氧酶Bra013652(LDOX)和二氢黄酮醇还原酶Bra027457(DFR)表达量在紫色植株中最高,该结论不同于在紫色白菜中已报道的R2R3-MYB转录因子c3563g1i2。因此,初步认为15NG28及其后代可能为新的紫色大白菜资源,15NG28可能来源于芥菜。 相似文献
2.
为培育厚皮甜瓜单性花新品系,以雌雄异花同株系和普通两性花系为亲本进行杂交,杂交后代采用三条途径转育单性花近等基因系,通过调查转育各世代及入选品系与不同生态类型材料配制的杂交组合中花性型的遗传分离情况,检测分析雌雄异花同株性状的遗传稳定性。结果表明：Mr分别与Mm,Ym,YF,F—Y配制的4个杂交组合中,F2的花性型分离为：单性花：两性花=3：1;以Mm,Ym为轮回亲本的不同世代,花性型分离为：单性花：两性花=1：1。推测为供试材料间性型的不同仅存在于a位点的基因型差异,由等位基因A控制的单性花性状呈稳定的单显性基因遗传。用不同生态类型的优良育种材料作轮回亲本,采用连续回交、最后自交分离选择,以及杂交后代连续自交分离选择的方式,培育出4个单性花材料。 相似文献
3.
甘肃肉牛CAST基因的多态性及其与肉质性状的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究甘肃肉牛CAST基因的多态性及与肉质性状的相关性。利用PCR-RFLP对甘肃肉牛CAST基因多态性检测并利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型探索不同基因型与肉质性状间的关系。结果表明：在CAST基因3个SNP位点中发现T750C、A557G、G556T、351处DelGTT的T/C;相关分析表明：Hga I位点的各基因型与肉质性状均差异不显著;Hpy188III位点的剪切力值,AT基因型显著高于AA基因型;Acl I位点在剪切力值上Hh基因型显著高于HH基因型,HH基因型在失水率上显著高于hh基因型。鉴定了CAST基因是影响肉质性状的候选基因。 相似文献
4.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛(151头)血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白 (Tf)、后转铁蛋白 (PTf)、血清白蛋白(Alb)和后白蛋白(Pa)的遗传多态性。结果证明秦川牛Hb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Tf 位点受4个等显性基因支配;严PTf 位点受2个等位基因支配;Alb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Pa位点受2个等位基因支配。并在此基础上,分析了各多态位点不同基因型与秦川牛生长性状的关系。结果表明,HbAA型秦川母牛12月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于HbAB型母牛(P＜0.05 )。PTfFF 型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于PTfSS型母牛(P＜0.05 )。AlbBB型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重显著高于AlbAA 型母牛(P＜0.05)。而且血红蛋白与运铁蛋白组合基因型以HbAA/TfDD型母牛的初生重大,HbAB/TfDD 型 母牛的12月龄体重、18 月龄体重、24 月龄体重大。AlbB基因对A基因的替代平均效应值为12月龄体重3.9510kg,18 月龄体重1.3786kg。说明秦川牛HbAA 型母牛的AFS、AFC极显著早于其它表现型母牛,HbA频率为0.838;这与一些早熟品种,短角牛HbA1.000, 日本黑牛HbA0.975,朝鲜牛HbA0.895B频率高相一致.此种现象可能系秦川牛早熟性的遗传背景。最后,制定出各位点优势基因对基因型育种值的回归方程。说明秦川牛中Hb、Tf、PTf、Alb位点的不同表现型生长性状显著相关。 相似文献
5.
6.
为了分析UCP3基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长及育肥性状的相关性。以118头中国西门塔尔育肥牛为研究材料,通过DNA测序和PCR-RFLP技术检测UCP3基因BglI酶切位点SNPs,并进行相关分析。UCP3-BglI酶切位点表现多态,且处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。与部分育肥性状的相关分析表明,该位点与饲料转化率性状和平均日增重性状表现显著相关(P<0.05),其中AA基因型个体均值显著优于AB和BB基因型个体,料肉比较低,日增重较高;与部分生长性状的相关分析发现在15月龄体高、体长和胸围性状,12月龄体高性状,8月龄体长性状中UCP3-BglI多态位点差异显著,AA基因型个体表型值显著高于其他或其中一个基因型值(P<0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,UCP3-BglI多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和后腿宽和背膘厚性状影响显著。其中AA和AB基因型个体胴体长、胴体胸深和背膘厚性状的表型值显著高于BB基因型个体（P<0.05）;在后腿宽性状中,AB个体表型值显著高于AA和BB个体（P<0.05）。初步认为,AA基因型与优良的生长育肥性状显著相关,对A等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。 相似文献
7.
云南高原粳稻抗白叶枯病新品系云资抗21号的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以高产优质的云南高原粳稻品种滇系4号为轮回亲本，以IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21的供体亲本，通过杂交和3次回交以及5次自交形成BC3F，代材料，并结合后代材料的白叶枯病抗性鉴定及农艺性状的评价选择，选育出高原粳稻新品系云资抗21号，对云资抗21号的21个单株采用与Xa21连锁标记RM21和RM229、以及22个独立分离的SSR标记进行检测，结果表明这21个单株在RM21位点上均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，在RM229位点上有1个单株显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型，其余的20个单株均为IRBB21的纯合基因型，而在其余22个SSR标记位点上均显示为轮回亲本的纯合基因型。该新品系白叶枯病抗性与IRBB21相近，农艺性状与轮回亲本相似，具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
8.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定了秦川牛(151头)血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、后转铁蛋白(PTf)、血清白蛋白(Alb)和后白蛋白(Pa)的遗传多态性。结果证明秦川牛Hb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Tf位点受4个等显性基因支配;严PTf位点受2个等位基因支配;Alb位点受3个等显性基因支配;Pa位点受2个等位基因支配。并在此基础上,分析了各多态位点不同基因型与秦川牛生长性状的关系。结果表明,HbAA型秦川母牛12月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于HbAB型母牛(P<0.05)。PTfFF型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重显著高于PTfSS型母牛(P<0.05)。AlbBB型母牛12月龄体重、18月龄体重显著高于AlbAA型母牛(P<0.05)。而且血红蛋白与运铁蛋白组合基因型以HbAA/TfDD型母牛的初生重大,HbAB/TfDD型母牛的12月龄体重、18月龄体重、24月龄体重大。AlbB基因对A基因的替代平均效应值为12月龄体重3.9510kg,18月龄体重1.3786kg。说明秦川牛HbAA型母牛的AFS、AFC极显著早于其它表现型母牛,HbA频率为0.838;这与一些早熟品种,短角牛HbA1.000,日本黑牛HbA0.975,朝鲜牛HbA0.895B频率高相一致.此种现象可能系秦川牛早熟性的遗传背景。最后,制定出各位点优势基因对基因型育种值的回归方程。说明秦川牛中Hb、Tf、PTf、Alb位点的不同表现型生长性 相似文献
9.
利用分子标记辅助选择聚合水稻抗病基因Pi-ta、Pi-b和Stv-bi 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
水稻稻瘟病和条纹叶枯病是长江中下游粳稻稻区两大主要病害,选育抗病品种是防治这两大病害最有效的方法。以同时含有稻瘟病抗病基因Pi-ta和Pi-b的武运粳8号,含有条纹叶枯病抗病基因Stv-bi的镇稻42为基因供体配置杂交组合。利用Pi-ta和Pi-b的基因标记和Stv-bi紧密连锁的分子标记对分离世代进行基因位点的检测,结合田间多代选育、抗性鉴定将3个抗病基因同时转育到高产品种中,选育出高产、优质、多抗水稻新品系74121。利用分子标记辅助选择,为选育多抗水稻新品种提供了一种简单、快捷的选择方法,同时也为水稻抗病育种提供了新的遗传资源。 相似文献
10.
为鉴定与马铃薯根系性状相关联的StDRO1基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点,本研究对110份同源四倍体马铃薯材料StDRO1基因的编码区进行了克隆和测序,筛选其SNP,并对StDRO1的SNP位点与马铃薯总根表面积、总根体积和平均根系直径等主要根系性状参数进行了关联分析。结果显示,StDRO1第2外显子上检测到1个SNP位点,命名为G64C;第3外显子上检测到10个SNP位点,分别命名为G152A、A214G、A297G、C314T、A337T、T353C、T560A、C577A、C620A和C625A;在第4外显子上检测到1个SNP位点,命名为T793A。关联分析结果表明,StDRO1基因G152A位点在总根体积表现为GA类基因型>GG类基因型(P<0.05);C314T位点在平均根系直径表现为CC类基因型>CT类基因型(P<0.05); A337T位点在总根表面积、鲜重和干重均表现为AT类基因型>AA类基因型(P<0.05),而在平均根系直径则表现为AA类基因型>AT类基因型(... 相似文献
11.
利用叶片高光谱指数预测水稻群体叶层全氮含量 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
通过测定叶片高光谱来快速估测整个水稻叶层全氮含量对于水稻氮素诊断有重要意义。本文通过连续3年不同施氮水平和不同品种类型的4个大田试验,分生育期同步测定了不同叶位叶片的高光谱反射率及叶层全氮含量,并系统分析了叶片水平多种高光谱指数与水稻叶层全氮含量的定量关系。结果表明,不同叶位叶片的光谱反射率与叶层全氮含量的相关程度不同,顶二叶(L2)表现最好、顶三叶(L3)次之,而L2和L3的平均光谱(L23)有助于进一步提高光谱指数的敏感性,是估测叶层氮含量的适宜叶位组合。绿光560nm和红边705nm波段附近光谱反射率与叶层全氮含量呈极显著负相关关系,两者分别与近红外波段组合而成的光谱比值指数可较好地监测水稻叶层全氮含量,其中绿光、红边窄波段比值指数SR(R780,R580)和SR(R780,R704)表现较好,与叶层全氮含量的决定系数分别为0.887和0.884;独立试验数据检验的RMSE分别为0.216和0.235。将上述2个窄波段比值指数中的近红外、绿光波段和红边波段宽度分别扩展至100、20和10nm,从而构建的宽波段比值指数SR[AR(750-850),AR(568-588)]和SR[AR(750-850),AR(699-709)]与叶层全氮含量相关性仍具有较高水平,线性回归模型的拟合精度(R2)为0.886和0.883,检验RMSE值分别为0.218和0.237。从而在叶片水平,确立了适于叶层全氮含量估测的基于绿光、红边与近红外波段的比值组合和波段适宜宽度。 相似文献
12.
Summary Electrophoretic variants of peroxidase in mulberry (Morus spp.) were demonstrated by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing. Of these variants, three isozyme band groups were found to be controlled by codominant alleles at a single locus. The gene symbol Px
1 was given to this locus, with alleles Px
1
1 and Px
1
2 assigned to the A6-A7-A8 and A7-A8-A9 band groups, respectively. The A6-A7-A8-A9 band group proved to be controlled by the Px
1
1 and Px
1
2 heterozygote.Additional experiments showed that among the three banding types, there were no statistically significant differences in leaf blade length, leaf blade width, length-width ratio of leaf blade, internode length, phyllotaxis, leaf shape, tree vigor and resistance to powdery mildew, but there were significant differences in leafstalk length. 相似文献
13.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) has been studied by applying a preselection test to F2 progenies of a half diallel cross between 11 coffee varieties with different degrees of resistance and to sets of parental, F1, F2, B11 and B12 generations of crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties. True resistance to CBD appears to be controlled by major genes on three different loci. The highly resistant variety Rume Sudan carries the dominant R- and the recessive K-genes. The non-allelic interaction between these two genes is of a duplicate nature. The R-locus has multiple alleles with R
1R1alleles present in Rume Sudan and the somewhat less effective R
2R2alleles in a variety like Pretoria, which also has the K-gene. The moderately resistant variety K7 carries only the recessive K-gene. The arabica-like variety Hibrido de Timor (a natural interspecific arabica x robusta hybrid) carries one gene for CBD resistance on the T-locus with intermediate gene action. It probably inherited this gene from its robusta parent. There is circumstantial evidence that the resistance to CBD is of a stable nature, but it is advisable to accumulate in one genotype as many resistance genes as possible by combining in the breeding programme the resistance of Rume Sudan with that of Hibrido de Timor. 相似文献
14.
The leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 7AL of ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum, was transferred to durum wheat by standard backcrossing. In ‘Agatha’ and ‘Indis’ a leaf rust resistance gene from Thinopyrum ponticum and Thinopyrum ponticum respectively, is found on a translocated segment on chromosome arm 7DL. The use of the ‘Langdon’ disomic D-chromosome substitution lines for 7A and 7B resulted in the recovery of tetraploid leaf-rust resistant lines from the crosses with ‘Agatha’ in the B2F1 generation. Tetraploid lines carrying the ‘Indis’ translocation segment were recovered in the B2F2 generation. The F2 segregation ratios for rust resistance after selfing or back-crossing generally fitted a 1: 1 ratio indicating non-transmission of the translocation segments in the male gametes. Homozygous resistant plants were not obtained. Meiotic instability was observed in 28 chromosome B2 F2 derivatives of the crosses between ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 and durum wheat. 相似文献
15.
S. H. Jalikop 《Euphytica》2010,173(2):161-171
Atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. × A. squamosa L) and A. reticulata L. possess several contrasting foliage characteristics. Two hundred and fifty trispecies hybrids of atemoya and A. reticulata were therefore studied to investigate the inheritance of four foliage characteristics. Segregation for leaf colour (green
or dark green), leaf angle (erect or drooping), leaf apex shape (rounded or pointed) and time of leaf fall (early or late
or intermediate) into discreet phenotypic classes revealed that their inheritance followed simple Mendelian genetics. Based
on phenotypes of parents and the segregating population, and the genetic ratios obtained, allelic symbols were assigned to
four leaf characteristics. Duplicate dominant gene interaction governed the leaf colour and leaf position. Thus individuals
with single or both the dominant genes (A-B-, A-bb, aaB-) produce green colour leaves and those with recessive genes (aabb) dark colour leaves. Likewise erect leaf individuals are C-D-, C-dd, ccD- and those with drooping leaves are ccdd. Further a single gene determined shape of leaf apex that was either rounded (Rr) or pointed (rr). Segregation of progenies for leaf fall into early (J
E
J
E
), intermediate (J
E
J
L
) and late (J
L
J
L
) suggested that codominant alleles were responsible for time of leaf fall. The inheritance studies reported in this paper
should guide in Annonaceous fruit breeding for foliage characteristics or could be used as selection criteria for those important
traits with which they are associated. 相似文献
16.
A study was made on the quantitative inheritance of seven characters viz., flowering time, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of curable leaves, green weight and cured weight for two crosses of flue-cured tobacco Chatham x Delcrest and 232 x Hicks. Six genetic populations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 were observed in each cross.Small and significant values of heterosis were observed for almost all the characters for the two crosses. Significant average inbreeding depression was found for all the characters in both the crosses.Significant additive and dominant effects were found for the various characters in the cross Chatham x Delcrest in which the dominance gene effects were high. While in 232 x Hicks cross, additive gene effects contributed much in controlling the characters studied.Significant epistatic effects were found for leaf length and number of leaves in the cross Chatham x Delcrest, flowering time and plant height in 232 x Hicks by 2 test. Indications of exploiting these above two characters in plant breeding were revealed by these studies and a systematic approach in planning for such exploitation would be possible by further investigations. 相似文献
17.
外源水杨酸对Cu胁迫下水培烟草生长及营养元素吸收利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以耐Cu性较强的烟草品种W38(Nicotiana tabacum cv.W38)和耐Cu性较弱的本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)为试验材料,设置水培处理组即CK(Cu2+0 mg L–1,SA 0μmol L–1,即对照组)、T1(Cu2+4 mg L–1,SA 0μmol L–1)、T2(Cu2+4 mg L–1,SA 100μmol L–1)、T3(Cu2+4 mg L–1,SA 300μmol L–1)、T4(Cu2+4 mg L–1,SA 500μmol L–1),探讨SA对烟草生长特性及根、茎、叶不同器官中元素吸收规律的影响。结果表明,经过4 mg L–1 Cu胁迫15 d后,2个品种的烟草生长均受到一定程度的抑制,不同器官中Cu含量均显著升高,K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、B、Mn的吸收受到抑制,而在营养液中添加适宜浓度的SA能够有效缓解Cu胁迫对2个品种烟草根长、株高、鲜重的抑制作用,并降低烟草体内Cu含量。与T1处理组相比,本氏烟的根、茎、叶中Cu含量最大分别下降25.05%、39.78%和22.91%,W38的根、茎、叶中的Cu含量最大分别下降23.27%、37.30%和28.88%,并促进了营养元素K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn的吸收,但是对Zn、B元素的吸收影响并不明显。由此可知,高浓度的Cu胁迫会抑制烟草的生长及营养元素的吸收和运输,施加适宜浓度的外源水杨酸有利于营养元素的吸收和促进烟草的生长发育,在本试验浓度范围内施加300μmol L–1的水杨酸可显著缓解Cu胁迫对烟草的抑制作用。 相似文献
18.
大豆苗期耐盐性的简便鉴定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐胁迫是影响大豆产量的重要非生物胁迫因素,筛选耐盐种质资源对培育耐盐大豆品种具有重要的意义。本研究利用4个耐盐品种和4个盐敏感品种进行苗期耐盐性鉴定,以蛭石为培养基质,在大豆真叶展开时,分别用100、200和250 mmol L–1的NaCl溶液处理,每2 d浇一次盐溶液,每天测定大豆真叶SPAD值。盐处理8 d后,分别取各品种的根、茎、叶,用原子吸收光谱仪测定其Na+含量。结果表明,用200 mmol L–1 NaCl处理的耐盐品种和盐敏感品种表型差异明显,但叶片Na+含量差异不显著;用250 mmol L–1 NaCl处理后,表型差异明显且叶片Na+含量差异显著。200 mmol L–1和250 mmol L–1 NaCl处理下叶片失绿明显,盐敏感品种叶片积累的Na+含量与SPAD值极显著负相关。本研究建立了一种以蛭石为基质,用200 mmol L–1或250 mmol L–1 NaCl处理,8 d即可进行大豆苗期耐盐性鉴定的简便方法,为大豆种质资源苗期耐盐性的大规模鉴定及耐盐品种选择和耐盐机理的研究提供了方法。 相似文献
19.
新疆小麦Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、TaLox-B1等位变异对面粉色泽的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用已开发的面粉色泽相关性状基因的分子标记,检测了182份新疆小麦品种(系)的Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Ta Lox-B1等位变异,并结合表型鉴定结果,分析不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响。结果表明,单基因等位变异对面粉色泽的影响不同,其中4个基因等位变异L*值的差异均不显著;对a*值的效应,Psy-A1a高于Psy-A1b(P0.01),Ppo-A1b高于Ppo-A1a(P0.05),Ta Lox-B1a高于Ta Lox-B1b(P0.05);Psy-A1a基因型的b*值高于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01);Psy-A1a基因型的Wht值低于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01)。说明Psy-A1是影响面粉色泽(红度、黄度和白度)的重要基因,而Ppo-A1和Ta Lox-B1基因的等位变异只对面粉红度有显著影响。4个检测基因共有12种等位变异组合,对a*、b*和Wht值有显著效应(P0.01),但对L*值影响不显著(P0.05);Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1b组合具有最高的Wht值和最低的a*、b*值,Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1a组合具有最低的Wht值和最高的a*、b*值。182份品种的Wht值平均为86.86,其中审定品种平均为86.87,冬小麦品种为86.42,春小麦品种为87.32。青春5号具有优良的基因型和较高的面粉白度,应加强利用。总体来看,改良新疆小麦面粉的白度,应重点加强对Psy-A1基因的选择,提高Psy-A1b比例。 相似文献
20.
O. Dobrovolskaya T. A. Pshenichnikova V. S. Arbuzova U. Lohwasser M. S. Röder A. Börner 《Euphytica》2007,155(3):285-293
Two major genes controlling leaf pubescence were mapped on chromosomes 4BL (Hl1) and 7BS (Hl2
Aesp
) in wheat (Saratovskaya 29) and a wheat/Aegilops introgression line (102/00I), respectively, together with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining hairiness of the leaf margin (QHl.ipk-4B, QHl.ipk-4D) and auricle (QPa.ipk-4B, QPa.ipk-4D) on the long arms of chromosomes 4B and 4D, respectively. The QTLs on chromosome 4D were contributed by a synthetic wheat
and, therefore, originated from Aegilops tauschii. The homoeologous group 4 wheat/A. tauschii genes/QTLs detected in the present study were aligned with the barley pubescence genes Hln/Hsh and Hs
b
and the hairy peduncle rye gene Hp1. The locus seems to be pleiotropically responsible for the pubescence of different plant organs in different species of the
Triticeae. Another homoeologous series may be present on the short arms of the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes, based on
the results of an allelic test cross between the Chinese local cultivar Hong-mang-mai carrying Hl2 and the wheat/Aegilops speltoides introgression line 102/00I. 相似文献