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采用浓度梯度递增法对3株不同生物被膜形成能力的大肠埃希菌进行4种氨基糖苷类药物(阿米卡星、链霉素、庆大霉素和安普霉素)诱导,考察大肠埃希菌生物被膜对其余8种不同抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度和最小膜清除浓度的变化规律。结果表明,在氨基糖苷类药物诱导压力下,3株不同生物被膜形成能力的菌株对其余8种抗菌药物的最小膜清除浓度比最小抑菌浓度至少增加8倍以上,与诱导前相比,大肠埃希菌形成生物被膜后,其最小膜清除浓度增加的速率比最小抑菌浓度快。 相似文献
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细菌外膜成分布劳恩脂蛋白(Braun lipoprotein,BLP)在调控大肠埃希氏菌感染导致的宿主炎症反应过程中发挥的具体作用尚不清楚。该研究分析了野生型大肠埃希氏菌(BLP表达阳性)、大肠埃希氏菌JE5505(BLP表达阴性)和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激小鼠后,体内促炎性细胞因子(TNF-α和IL-1β)、抗炎因子(IL-10)和趋化因子(RANTES)分泌的情况,以及小鼠的存活率和脏器的损伤水平。结果表明,大肠埃希氏菌JE5505组感染小鼠后导致死亡的速度比野生型大肠埃希氏菌组和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激组更迅速;JE5505与BLP联合刺激组在感染20 h后小鼠不再出现死亡。在大肠埃希氏菌JE5505感染的小鼠血清、肝脏和肺脏中,促炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌水平显著高于、抗炎细胞因子显著低于野生型大肠埃希氏菌组和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激组的小鼠(P<0.01)。此外,BLP的存在可下调大肠埃希氏菌感染导致小鼠脏器中组织损伤标志物HMGB1和HABP2的蛋白表达(P<0.05)。说明细菌外膜成分BLP耐受可能通过调节炎症介质的产生,进而对细菌感染导致宿主脏器损伤和炎症反应发挥调控和保护作用,从而避免小鼠在被大肠埃希氏菌感染后出现快速死亡的现象。 相似文献
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大肠埃希菌在自然界中广泛存在,在一定的条件下可以引起畜禽患病,在长期治疗过程中,由于药物的选择压力可以引起其对药物的抗性,而且耐药广泛、耐药机制复杂,给疾病临床治疗带来了一定的困难。大肠埃希菌耐药机制主要包括细胞膜通透性改变、细菌产生灭活酶或者钝化酶、靶点结构改变、主动外排泵、质粒介导的大肠埃希菌耐药等。论文介绍了我国部分地区畜牧业中大肠埃希菌耐药现状、大肠埃希菌耐药机制以及应对大肠埃希菌耐药的策略,以便了解耐药大肠埃希菌的传播特点,为防治大肠埃希菌耐药性产生和临床治疗大肠埃希菌感染提供一定的理论指导。 相似文献
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大肠埃希菌多重抗生素耐药主要是由多重耐药调节基因和外输泵共同作用产生的。大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子是广泛存在于肠杆菌科细菌染色体上的抗生素多重耐药调节中心,是大肠埃希菌耐药的主要组成部分。为解决多重抗生素耐药问题,很多专家和学者对大肠埃希菌多重耐药调节子和外输泵的耐药机制进行了深入的研究,研究开发多重抗生素耐药基因消除剂和外输泵抑制剂,或增加外输泵抑制基因的表达,将成为从根本上解决多重抗生素耐药问题的最好方法。文章对大肠埃希菌AcrAB、AcrAB-Tolc,Mar和膜孔蛋白Ompf、Ompc等多重抗生素耐药调节子的组成、功能及其影响因素进行了综述。 相似文献
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近年来高度集约化饲养已成为养殖业的发展趋势。鸡大肠埃希菌和沙门菌病已成为危害养鸡业的两大重要细菌性疾病,禽沙门菌病被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)列为B类传染病。鸡伤寒是由鸡伤寒沙门菌引起的一种急性或慢性败血性疾病,在临床诊断中该病主要引起成年鸡发病,由于本病可通过种蛋垂直传播,因此也可引起雏鸡发病,雏鸡一旦感染,会造成较长时间的伤亡。大肠埃希菌是畜牧业最常见的细菌病之一,禽类大肠埃希菌和沙门菌混合感染以发病率和死亡率高,两种细菌血清型 相似文献
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生物被膜的形成是大肠杆菌引起消化道反复难治性感染的重要因素。大肠杆菌形成生物被膜后使感染易于慢性化、控制困难,具有高度耐药性的同时还能逃避免疫系统的攻击和抗菌药物的杀伤作用。生物被膜的耐药机制主要包括营养限制、渗透障碍、表型结构学说等。现就大肠杆菌生物被膜的形成、耐药机制及其防治策略等研究现状做一综述。 相似文献
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Escherichia coli can induce salpingitis and/or peritonitis, a major cause of mortality in layer hens, but also other localized and systemic infections. E. coli infections have also been described in turkeys, geese, and ducks and are thought to be the cause of significant economic losses. However little is known about the real economic impact of the disease in layer chickens. The pathogenesis of E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis has not been elucidated yet. Three routes of infection have been discussed in the literature: ascending faecal contamination from the cloaca, bacterial translocation from the respiratory tract (air sac and lungs) and bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen. Only one study has reported the occurrence of ascending faecal contamination from the cloaca to the oviduct and subsequently to the peritoneum. Regarding bacterial translocation, the only models available are for mammals, and these have not been applied to chickens so far Animal models could prove valuable to elucidate the pathogenesis of E. coli-induced salpingitis and peritonitis, and for assessing the value of preventive and curative intervention strategies. Little is known about risk factors for E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis. In contrast to colibacillosis in broilers, recent research has failed to demonstrate an association between several pathogens of the respiratory tract and the occurrence of E. coli pathology in layer chickens. The distance between poultry farms and the hen density in the cages were recently proposed as important risk factors for outbreaks ofcolibacillosis in flocks of layer hens, while in the past hormonal factors were implicated. The latter is an area of research that deserves more attention. Several methods for the molecular typing of E. coli have been described and might prove useful to study the epidemiology ofE. coli outbreaks in poultry, about which little is known. The presumptive diagnosis E. coli salpingitis and peritonitis is rather simple to establish, based on the anamnesis, clinical symptoms, and macroscopic findings at post-mortem. However; bacteriological analysis is required to establish a definite diagnosis because other pathogens can also cause salpingitis and peritonitis in layer hens. Antibiotics, chosen on the basis of sensitivity testing and their pharmacokinetic properties can be used as therapy; however residues in eggs may occur. Autovaccines are often used as prevention because in practice effective protection is only achieved against homologous E. coli serotypes. 相似文献
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细菌耐药性的产生机理及其控制对策 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
随着抗菌药的广泛应用,细菌的耐药性越来越高,给临床治疗带来诸多困难,因此了解细菌耐药性的产生机理具有重要意义。抗菌药主要以细菌4个必要的细胞内途径为靶位,包括细胞壁的合成、蛋白质的合成、核酸(DNA或RNA)的合成以及细菌的代谢过程。细菌耐药性产生包括生化机理和基因机理,重要的生化机理包括抗菌药破坏酶的产生、靶位的改变和主动外排系统的出现。细菌耐药性的基因机理主要包括基因的突变和外源抗性基因的获得。近年来,喹诺酮类药物耐药性机理成为了研究的热点,并且已经证明由质粒pMG252介导的耐药性具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Gomis S Babiuk L Allan B Willson P Waters E Ambrose N Hecker R Potter A 《Avian diseases》2004,48(4):813-822
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG) motifs have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents in murine models for a variety of viral, intracellular bacterial, and protozoan infections. We recently have shown that CpG ODN protects against extracellular bacterial infections in mature chickens. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CpG ODN on Escherichia coli septicemia in neonatal broiler chicks. Two-day-old chicks, or embryonated eggs that had been incubated for 18 or 19 days, received 50 microg CpG ODN. Three days after exposure to CpG ODN, a virulent isolate of E. coli was inoculated subcutaneously in the neck of each bird. Birds were examined for 7 days post-E. coli challenge and dinical, pathologic, and bacteriologic assessments were conducted. The control group of birds that received no CpG ODN had a survival rate of 0% to 20%. In contrast, groups that received CpG ODN, either by intramuscular or in ovo routes, had significantly higher survival rates (P < 0.0001). Bacterial counts in air sacs were significantly lower when birds or embryos were treated with CpG ODN as compared with controls. A dose as low as 10 microg of CpG ODN, administered intramuscularly, was able to protect birds significantly against E. coli challenge. Formulation of CpG ODN with 30% Emulsigen did not enhance the protection. This study demonstrates that CpG ODN has systemic protective effects in broiler chicks against E. coli infections. This is the first time that CpG ODN has been demonstrated to have an immunoprotective effect against a bacterial infection in chicks following in ovo delivery. 相似文献
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细菌性肠道感染是畜禽养殖过程中的常见疾病，易引起畜禽采食量下降、生产性能降低等问题，严重者甚至造成死亡。在养殖过程中多采用抗生素对其进行治疗，但由于抗生素长期大量使用，特别是不合理使用，使药物残留和细菌耐药性问题日益凸显。因此，发展安全可靠的抗生素替代品已然成为当今畜牧行业的研究热点。卵黄抗体（egg yolk immunoglobulins，IgY）是通过免疫接种产蛋鸡后，在蛋黄中表达的一种免疫球蛋白，可用于相应疾病的预防和治疗。IgY具有产量大、性质稳定、安全高效等诸多优点，目前IgY作为抗生素替代品已被广泛用于畜禽养殖过程中，并取得了显著的效果。文章介绍了IgY的分子结构、理化性质和作用机理，总结并比较了5种IgY提取方法的去脂率、抗体效价、总蛋白含量等指标，最后详细介绍了IgY在防治畜禽常见细菌性感染中的研究现状和应用前景，以期为IgY的高效生产及疾病防治提供研究依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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细菌鉴定是细菌耐药性监测过程中的重要工作环节之一,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-off flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)能够高效鉴定细菌。为了快速监测五家养殖场来源的大肠杆菌和肠球菌的临床耐药特征,本研究利用MALDI-TOF MS和微量肉汤稀释法,快速鉴定临床分离的大肠杆菌和肠球菌,并对其进行耐药表型检测。结果显示,MALDI-TOF MS实现了对临床分离菌株(31株大肠杆菌和34株肠球菌)的快速鉴定;鸡源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的耐药情况最为严重,其次为羊和牛。其中,鸡源的大肠杆菌均对四环素(100%)和氨苄西林(91.67%)耐药率最高,肠球菌对苯唑西林(62.07%)耐药率较高。研究结果表明,不同动物源细菌临床耐药性表型严重程度有所不同,与此同时,MALDI-TOF MS技术可以同时实现对动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的快速鉴定,值得在动物源细菌耐药性检测领域推广应用。 相似文献
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Melchior MB Vaarkamp H Fink-Gremmels J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):398-407
Mastitis remains one the most important diseases in dairy cattle despite the progress made in improving general udder health in recent years. Epidemiological studies have revealed that following treatment with antimicrobials, bacteriological cure rates vary between 0% and 80% but with no evidence of a significant loss of activity of the major classes of antibiotics licensed for the treatment of bovine mastitis. Recurrent infections are often attributable to biofilm growth of bacteria and this review provides an overview of those mechanisms related to bacterial biofilm growth in mastitis. Biofilm formation is accompanied by significant genetic and subsequent physiological changes in the microorganisms resulting, inter alia, in a loss of sensitivity to virtually all classes of antibiotics. 相似文献
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The pathogenesis of edema disease in pigs. A review. 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Edema disease is known to cause important losses in the period shortly after weaning. Although the disease is known for many decades, intensive studies with bacterial lysates of pathogenic E. coli, followed by biotechnological research the last ten years, has led to a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Especially the impact of the toxin is clearly established. Evidence also exists that adhesion factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of edema disease. 相似文献