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近年来,美国佛州南部黄果西番莲商业性生产的日益发展,促进了对其授粉生态学的研究.为了探讨自花授粉和异花授粉对座果、果重、种子数、果汁含量和果汁含糖量的影响,本研究探讨了黄果西番莲的授粉方法.研究结果表明.虽然黄果西番莲自交亲和性甚低,但是异花授粉可增加座果率、果重、种子数、果汁含量,和果汁含糖量的影响,本研究探讨了黄果西番莲的授粉法.研究结果表明,虽然黄果西番莲自交亲和性甚低,但是异花授粉可增加座果率、果重、种子数、果汁含量,且果汁含糖量也略有提高.同时,对花的生物学特性进行了研究,探明了开放花朵的花柱是否运动和如何运动;每朵花的花柱从开放时的垂直方向转向傍晚的水平方向,夜间花闭前又恢复到直立状态.对花蜜的研究表明,整个下午都会分泌花蜜.每朵花分泌的花蜜,下午5时20分至6时之间最多,平均为40.2微升.花蜜含糖量平均为46.38%.虽然预计有巨蜂(如木蜂,Xylocopa Spp.)传粉,但本试验中却从来发现.本研究只发现蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Linn.)是传粉者.造成座果率比预期低的原因,可能是蜜蜂的寻食习性,而不是其蜂体的大小. 相似文献
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澳洲坚果授粉试验及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
澳洲坚果品种HAES900的授粉试验及花粉管生长的荧光显微观察表明:HAES900×D4、HAES900×HAES695、HAES900×HAES900平均每个花序的最终座果率分别为0.56%、0.25%、0.12%,异花授粉的最终座果率比自花授粉的高出108%～367%,说明品种HAES900的异交亲和性好于自交亲和性;HAES900自花授粉的20个花序中,最终仅有20%的花序结实,说明品种HAES900可能具有部分自交不亲和性;澳洲坚果授粉后6h柱头上花粉大量萌发;异花授粉花柱基部的花粉管数量是自花授粉的2.5倍。 相似文献
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在温室内观察甘蔗开花动态,用TTC法测定甘蔗花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果表明：花穗上小蠡花开放顺序,一般是自上而下,由外至内;ROC22和科五花粉活力于开花第1 天达到80%以上,第2 天有小幅度上升,之后迅速降低,第7 天仅采到少许花粉,但活力仍在32%左右。甘蔗雌蕊柱头开花前1天具有可授性,自交授粉后的1～2 d内保持强可授性,之后柱头迅速变黑枯萎;未授粉柱头花开后的9 d内一直保持靓丽的艳红色,具强可授性。柱头可授性的最佳时期为开花后第1～9 天,甘蔗的最佳授粉期为母本开花2 d后再授以父本花粉,4 d内即可完成杂交过程。 相似文献
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皖棉25(灵杂1号),安徽省润禾棉业有限公司选育,2004年通过安徽省审定。品种高抗枯萎病、抗黄萎病、铃大、品质优良,制种推广面积迅猛扩大,其制种技术要点如下。1人工去雄1.1制种时间和人员配备。制种时间一般在7月5日至8月20日,40～45d,皖北在8月16日前、皖南在8月20日前结束制种。此期间所开的花全部去雄授粉,不允许自花授粉结桃,要求全株制种。每公顷制种田配备制种人员45～60人,质检人员每1.33～1.67hm21名。质检人员每天逐行、逐株检查3次:上午授粉前检查并去除没有去雄的花朵,授粉后检查授粉情况,已去雄的花是否漏授,授粉是否均匀;下午… 相似文献
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为了探究‘风味玫瑰’自然结果率偏低的原因,运用花部形态、花粉活力及柱头可授性测定、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)以及人工授粉试验相结合的方法,对‘风味玫瑰’生殖特性进行了初步研究.研究表明:(1)‘风味玫瑰’的花有两种类型,一种花柱高于雄蕊,另一种花柱萎缩,很短；(2)花粉活力持续3d,柱头可授性持续5d,主要访花昆虫为蜂类；(3)平均单花花粉量/单花胚珠数(P/O)值为(605.7±25.1)；(4)人工异花授粉坐果率最高可达30.19％,自花授粉坐果率为7.8％,明显比异花授粉坐果率低,表明‘风味玫瑰’交配系统类型是兼性异交、需要传粉者.研究结果认为,传粉效率低是其自然结果率低的重要原因. 相似文献
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采用单芽片贴接、双芽枝条皮质层插皮腹接、双芽砧木劈接技术对日本甜柿成活率,早花、座果率、单株产量进行研究。结果表明,单芽片贴接技术各项指标均大于另外两种嫁接技术,成活率达91.79%,开花时间提早3～5 d,座果率高出5%和8%,单株均产果量高6.9%和34.05%,抗风断枝情况好,对提高日本甜柿产量有显著效果。 相似文献
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Norgold russet,superior and red la soda strains selected for potato cultivar improvement in Nebraska
Gary Leever Warren A. Trank Gene Shaver J. Creighton Miller Alexander D. Pavlista 《American Journal of Potato Research》1994,71(3):133-143
Potato yield improvement in the United States has concentrated on cultural practices, disease eradication, and the development through breeding programs of new, disease-resistant, high yielding potato cultivars. Three strains of Norgold Russet—M, #35 and #19—have increased yields and vigor, and mature later than “regular” Norgold Russet. In trials conducted in Texas at Hereford (7 years), Olton (6 years) and Springlake (4 years), these strains have shown an average of 33, 29 and 20% increase in total yields, respectively. At Hermiston, Oregon (3 years), the mean total yield increases were 10, 17 and 12%, respectively. Strains M and #35 are more vigorous, and they mature 10 to 15 days later than Norgold Russet. Strain #19 is the most vigorous and upright of the strains; it matures 20 to 25 days later than regular Norgold Russet. Of all the Norgold Russet strains, strain M is the most popular. From Superior, a strain, New Superior, which matures 15 to 20 days later and is more vigorous, was selected. In Florida, New Superior’s yields averaged 26% greater than regular Superior but the specific gravity and chip color were not changed. Two strains of Red La Soda—#5 and #10—were selected for their earlier maturity. Strain #10 matures 7 to 10 days earlier than regular Red La Soda, and strain #5 matures 15 to 17 days earlier. However, these strains yield less. In Texas, at Olton (3 years) and Springlake (2 years), yields were reduced 23 and 34% for strains #10 and #5, respectively 相似文献
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麦根腐平脐蠕孢和薏苡平脐蠕孢防治稻田稗草的生物活性和安全性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对分离自云南昆明感病稗草\[Echinochloa crus galli (L.) Beauv.\]上的病原真菌麦根腐平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris sorokiniana）和薏苡平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris coicis）开展了防治稗草潜力的评价。结果显示,B.sorokiniana和B.coicis两菌株培养5 d的发酵原液对稗草根长和芽长均有很高的抑制作用,根长最高抑制率分别为99.59%和95.78%, 芽长最高抑制率分别为91.14%和82.13%。两菌株对稗草离体叶片致病性的室内试验表明,菌丝体悬浮液处理5 d后稗草叶片病情指数最高可达100%。两菌株对稗草植株防效的温室试验表明, 菌丝体悬浮液处理稗草7 d后植株下部叶片出现萎蔫症状、脱落及死亡,处理21 d后稗草最高死亡率达到82.67%和80.00%。菌株对作物的安全性试验表明,麦根腐平脐蠕孢对作物的安全性显著高于薏苡平脐蠕孢。作为生防潜力菌株,麦根腐平脐蠕孢具有更大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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不同结荚习性大豆开花结荚鼓粒进程的比较研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
通过３年田间观测，比较研究了３种结荚习性不同的大豆品种，开花，结荚，鼓粒进程铁丰２４号出苗后第６９．５天始花，花期１８．５天，植株中部先开花，渐次向上向下开放；辽豆１０号出苗后第５２．５天始花，花期４０．５天，开花次序与辽豆１０号相同。豆Ｈ－５０６４出苗后第５４．０天始花，花期４０．天，花花次序与辽豆１０号相同。铁丰２４号全株结荚率为３３．５３％，主花序，副花序，分枝的结荚率分别为３６．８４％，４ 相似文献
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When several wilt-resistant potato clones were tested against a highly virulent strain from Mexico (No. 276) by standard stem inoculation methods, only one clone ofSolanum phureja was resistant. When different inoculum concentrations were introduced quantitatively for infectivity titrations, however, different levels of resistance were clearly defined among clones previously rated as susceptible. Linear regression was used to estimate the ED50 values (dosage required to wilt 50% of the population) for each of seven clones. These values ranged from 3 and 100 colony-forming units (CFU) for Katahdin and Russet Burbank, respectively, to 2.1 x 106 CFU for S.phureja clone 1386.15. The distribution of bacteria in stems of Russet Burbank plants inoculated with the compatible strains 276 and K-60 and the incompatible strains B1 and S-210 was very different. In all cases, incompatible bacteria were not detected 10 cm above the inoculation point in the stem, even by 12 days after inoculation, whereas compatible strains multiplied rapidly at this site by 6 days. At the inoculation site and at sites immediately adjacent to it, however, incompatible bacteria attained populations that only differed by one order of magnitude from those of compatible bacteria. Similar results were obtained when a resistant clone (MS 118.24) was inoculated with the virulent strain K-60. Thus, resistance was characterized both by reduced acropetal spread and by tolerance to large numbers of the bacterium. 相似文献
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In 2016, Russet Norkotah was the second most widely grown potato variety in the US; however, recent research has identified alternatives with excellent production economics. During 2011–2013, fresh market variety research was conducted in the Columbia Basin of central Washington, a long-season production region. Russet Norkotah was compared to five varieties–Classic Russet, Mountain Gem Russet, Russet Burbank, Targhee Russet, and Teton Russet–and four sub-clonal strains–CO-3, CO-8, TX-278, and TX-296–derived from Russet Norkotah. Each variety was evaluated for early- (104 days between planting and vine kill) and late- (150 days between planting and vine kill) harvest tuber size profile, grade, and yield, grower economic value, susceptibility to blackspot bruise and shatter bruise, emergence, stem and at-harvest tuber numbers, tuber length-to-width ratios, and quality. When harvested early, Classic Russet and Mountain Gem Russet produced 30% and 15% more gross revenue than Russet Norkotah, respectively. All other varieties and Russet Norkotah strains except CO-3 produced as much early-harvest gross revenue as Russet Norkotah. CO-3 early-harvest revenue was close to 50% lower than that of Russet Norkotah. All varieties and Russet Norkotah strains produced significantly greater late-harvest yields and gross returns than Russet Norkotah. Late-harvest gross revenue for Targhee Russet and Mountain Gem Russet was 38% and 34% higher than Russet Norkotah, respectively. Classic Russet, Mountain Gem Russet, Targhee Russet, and Teton Russet had significantly more shatter bruise following the late harvest than Russet Norkotah and all Russet Norkotah strains. Russet Burbank was among the most susceptible to blackspot and Targhee Russet the least, with 32% and 2.1%, respectively. If bruising is mitigated, Mountain Gem Russet, Classic Russet, and Teton Russet may be suitable alternatives to Russet Norkotah and Russet Norkotah strains for both early and late harvests. 相似文献
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W.A. Smirnoff 《Crop Protection》1983,2(3):353-360
A research programme was initiated to develop biological control methods for the European skipper, Thymelicus lineola Ochs. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) after its appearance in the Province of Quebec. A baculovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis could both be used to control T. lineola in the field. With B. thuringiensis a dose of 2·5 × 109 International Units/ha resulted in 100% mortality of second- to fourth-instar larvae in 6–15 days; dosages of 5 and 10 × 109 I.U./ha caused 100% mortality within 3–6 days. Field application of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus caused 50, 80 and 100% larval mortality after 15, 19 and 27 days respectively. B. thuringiensis provided a curative method of control, whereas the virus can be used either as a curative or as a preventive method of controlling T. lineola because it is transmitted to the progeny. It is suggested that the best way to control T. lineola is by the combined use of both micro-organisms. 相似文献
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经3年研究建立了一套用离体稻叶检测稻种带细条病菌的方法，应用该方法成功地将44份自然发病的细条病病种接种到离体稻叶上并产生菌脓。甩1％水琼脂加90 ppm无毒苯口并咪唑．在30℃下可使水稻幼苗的离体叶保持15～20 d，可满足细条病接种发病的时间需要。应用纯菌测定该方法的灵敏度，最低可检测浓度为5×10^3 Cells／ml。由于选择了最佳的温度、湿度/光照、苗龄及其它有关环境条件， 使1．2～4．0 g的病种经研碎浸泡后浓缩针刺接种干离体稻叶上在3 d后出现病斑，5.5～8.5 d后产生菌脓，与其它血清学检测方法相比，离体检测法具有直观、可靠、简便、稳定等优点。特别可避免由于种子携带丧失活性的细条病菌或其它病菌而引起的误诊。 相似文献
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以黑龙江大豆产区主栽品种合丰25、合丰30等为寄主。将从本地区不同品种采集的根瘤中分离的十多株快慢生大豆根瘤菌及引入的其它菌株接种上述栽培大豆。从中筛选出2178、2187等优良菌株.接种后大豆植株干重、全氮、全磷量分别较61A76(美国引进菌株)提高10～17％、56.7～78.3和14.6～19.6％。采用丸衣化的2178菌剂接种效果更佳。较61A76接种的植株干重、全氮、全磷分别提高27％、83.2％和39.2％。田间小区试验初步证明2178、2187接种后,增加了大豆植株的鲜重、干重、增加结荚数和百粒重;从而提高产量10％以上。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆低温纤维素分解菌的筛选及分解效果测定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在低温条件下,从腐烂的秸秆与土壤的混合样品中分离出降解纤维素能力强的4株菌株,测定这4株菌在玉米秸秆发酵中的CMC酶活。结果表明,菌株A14和A41在整个培养过程中CMC酶的活性比较高,分别为8.341 U/g和8.792 U/g。采用A14、A41处理玉米秸秆10 d,降解率分别达30.80%和31.52%。确定菌株A14和A41的最佳产酶条件为摇床转速150 r/min,接菌量为菌悬液(108个孢子/mL)与秸秆用量比1/10(质量比)。 相似文献
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对3个玉米自交系遗传差异不同的株系自交3代后株系间产量及相互间杂交优势进行分析。结果表明,同一自交系在遗传上存在微小差异的株系,产量水平及其产量构成因素仍然存在一定差异。自交系初始遗传差异越大,后代株系间的产量差异越大;初始单株遗传差异较小的两个玉米自交系昌7-2和郑58具有微小遗传差异株系间杂交组合的超中亲优势分别达到10.55%、4.77%,超高亲优势分别达到3.69%、3.94%。对杂交优势贡献主要来自行粒数,其次是千粒重。通过关联分析找出行粒数相关基因的SNP标记14个(-Log P4),千粒重相关基因的SNP标记3个(-Log P3)。在开放授粉的条件下,株系间微小遗传差异有利于提高亲本和杂交制种产量。 相似文献