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1.
随着养熊业的发展,活熊人工手术造瘘引流胆汁的时间延长,手术引流胆汁熊长期受引流管异物刺激,造成个别熊腹部腐烂穿孔,严重影响熊的健康。1991年我场对3例引流胆汁致使腹部穿孔的患熊,采用补漏手术后均治愈,现将典型病例报告如下。以供参考。 1 病例介绍棕熊,雄性,8岁龄,1987年10月进行外科引流取胆手术,胆汁引流正常。1991年7月2日,该熊食欲下降,精神不振,毛焦无光泽,喜卧。11日在腹部引流管后5厘米俏偏右侧出现6×8厘米小紫色隆凸肿块,口服消炎药联磺片地塞米松;健胃药龙胆酊大黄酊结合患部外科药物冲洗,治疗5天后食欲有增加,隆凸部破溃有2×3大小穿孔,有  相似文献   

2.
熊引流术后感染综合防制的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
熊引流手术后取胆汁所面临的一个最大问题是术后感染。由于在熊体内安置了引流管及日常取胆汁过程中的手术器械、器具、场地消毒不彻底,采用不适当的引流管及不合理的取胆汁方式和管理不当而引起术部感染发炎,进而引起胆囊炎及肝坏死、胆囊增生等疾病。这已经严重影响了胆汁生产及熊的健康。在一些熊类养殖场发病率高达85%以上。1990年至1992年,我们对6头黑熊实施引流手术,并且采取了一些综合防制措施,在一年半的时间里,无一头熊患胆囊炎、肝坏死及术部发炎。我们采取的措施如下:  相似文献   

3.
长春市动物园健康黑熊2头,年龄分别为1.5岁及10岁;兽医大学药源动物中心胆汁引流黑熊2头,年龄分别为5岁及7岁,引流时间3～4年.按常规方法进行E—玫瑰花环形成试验及C_(3b)致敏酵母花环试验.结果表明,持续胆汁引流熊比对照熊(健康熊)的T、B淋巴细胞数值显著降低(P<0.01),见附表.  相似文献   

4.
为了搞清持续胆汁引流对熊血清微量元素含量的影响,以提高引流熊的饲养管理。据兽医大学陈红,武世珍、刘光泽和长春市动物园的张建滨等四位同志报道:他们对胆汁引流3年以上的5头熊(棕熊1头,黑熊4头)与健康未手术熊5头(棕熊1头,黑熊  相似文献   

5.
选用6只胆汁产量稳定,体况相近的黑熊,随机分成2组.试验组添加1%的麦饭石复合添加剂,对照组不加.进行熊胆汁引流和熊胆粉成分分析试验.经过90d的熊胆汁引流试验,试验组和对照组的熊胆汁产量分别为233.97mL、204.58mL,差异显著(P＜0.05);干粉率分别为5.08%和4.66%,干粉率差异不显著(P＞0.05):试验期试验组和对照组的熊胆粉产量分别为11.87g和9.53g,干胆产量差异极显著(P＜0.01);熊胆粉成分分析结果表明.对照组和试验组的牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)含量分别为20.42%和37.38%,经检验差异极显著(P＜0.01).  相似文献   

6.
近年来,国内许多单位和个人经营以活体引流胆汁为主要目的的养熊业,并取得了明显的经济效益。活体引流胆汁的手术也积累了丰富的经验。为了探讨活体引流胆汁对熊的生理机能,特别是肝脏机能的影响,为合理利用熊类资源提供资料,而进行了本研究。1 材料与方法1.1 动物及分组 黑熊(西南亚种)26只,  相似文献   

7.
观察重组溶葡萄球菌酶经口给药对大鼠的急性毒性和长期毒性。急性毒性试验中,大鼠以每千克体重5 000 mg的剂量口服重组溶葡萄球菌,观察中毒症状并测定LD50。长期毒性试验中,大鼠以每天每千克体重口服72,360,1 800 mg重组溶葡萄球菌酶,连续给药180 d,观察给药后45 d、90 d、135 d和180 d时大鼠的生长发育、血液学、血液生化学、组织病理变化。结果表明,重组溶葡萄球菌酶口服对大鼠的LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,长期毒性试验未见明显毒性反应。说明重组溶葡萄球菌酶在规定剂量下使用是安全可靠的。  相似文献   

8.
探讨大鼠长期口服三黄连散的亚慢性毒性作用。将80只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、三黄连散低(2.5 g/kg·BW)、中(5.0 g/kg·BW)和高剂量组(10.0 g/kg·BW),每组20只,雌雄各半,采用混饲给药的方式连续给药30 d,每日观察临床表现,记录体重和饲料消耗量,停药后继续观察7 d。分别于给药后30 d和停药后7 d进行血液常规指标、血液生化指标和脏器解剖学、病理学检查。结果显示,给药期间和停药后,各试验组大鼠未出现中毒和死亡情况,临床症状、解剖学检查等均无异常变化,脏器指数、组织病理学检查结果均无异常;血液常规指标、血液生化指标结果表明该药物无毒副作用,仅见高剂量组大鼠的体重和饲料消耗量显著低于空白对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,三黄连散给大鼠连续饲喂30 d未见明显毒性反应。  相似文献   

9.
探讨紫锥菊粉对大鼠的毒性作用,评价其临床用药的安全性。将80只SD大鼠随机分均为4组,每组20只。每组分别以0mg/kg（Ⅰ组）、250mg/kg（Ⅱ组）、500mg/kg（Ⅲ组）、1000mg/kg（Ⅳ组）浓度灌胃,1次/d,连灌90d。观察灌胃紫锥菊粉45d和90d大鼠生理及生化指标,并进行病理解剖及病理组织学检查。试验结果表明,试验组各项指标均在正常范围内,与对照组无显著差异。在试验条件下,未发现紫锥菊粉对大鼠的生长发育产生影响,长期重复应用无亚慢性毒性。  相似文献   

10.
动物活体胆汁引流的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
胆汁 (Ｂｉｌｅ)是由肝细胞连续分泌的一种黏性、昧苦的微碱性液体。动物胆汁作药用 ,在我国有悠久的历也。长久以来 ,动物胆汁的获取主要靠宰后摘取胆囊 ,胆汁来源的局限性限制了胆汁药用的发展。在 2 0世纪 6 0年代初 ,我国开始了对胆汁获取技术的研究 ,随后 ,以胆汁引流为目的的猪、牛活体胆汁引流技术获得重大进展 ,从而开拓了以利用胆汁为目的的生产性胆汁引流的科研和应用新领域。1　引流动物的选择在引流动物的选择上 ,牛、羊、猪、狗、熊等都有进行引流并获成功的报道。但在对其选择上 ,董建平等[1] 认为选择猪进行引流效果较理想。…  相似文献   

11.
Production of bile lgA and serum lgG antibody responses against whole worm antigens and worm metabolic product antigens occurred by 7 to 14 days after a single infection with N. brasiliensis and was similar in adult rats, lactating rats and baby rats. Production of bile lgA antibodies against phosphorylcholine was greater in adult rats, 7 days after infection, than in baby rats or lactating rats. lgA antibody production by baby rats may be affected by immaturity of the intestinal lgA system, and diversion to the mammary gland of lgA-plasma cell precursors may occur in lactating rats. Such effects may be involved in the failure of baby rats and lactating rats to expel parasites by day 21 at which time in adult rats expulsion was complete.  相似文献   

12.
The cell proliferation activity of proliferating bile ducts produced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats was examined histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally. Proliferating bile ducts, which were similar to normal bile ducts, increased with time after BDL. The cell proliferation activity of proliferating bile ducts, measured using proliferating-cell nuclear antigen and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine antibodies, tended to be high at 1 and 3 days after BDL and decreased progressively at 2 to 4 weeks after BDL. On the other hand, alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblast-like cells increased continuously after BDL. These findings indicate that there is a negative correlation between the cell proliferation activity of proliferating bile ducts and that of myofibroblast-like cells.  相似文献   

13.
The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.  相似文献   

14.
Two trials were conducted on steers implanted with zeranol (Ralgro) to determine the edible tissue residues and the secretion pattern in faeces, urine and bile of zeranol residues throughout and beyond the recommended withdrawal period (70 days) for this drug. In the first trial there was considerable variation in the zeranol residue concentration in all edible tissues, the highest concentrations found in the liver being significantly above the control values (P less than 0.05). In the other tissues, only fat sampled 14 days after implanting was significantly above the control value (P less than 0.05). The zeranol concentration in bile samples obtained at slaughter [70 days (18), 90 days (5) and 120 days (2)] were all higher than the apparent concentration in the bile of untreated steers. The mean concentration of zeranol in the faeces and urine varied from day to day and between animals sampled on the same day following implantation. The highest mean concentrations were observed during the first 40 days following implanting, declining steadily to approach the control values 70 days after implantation. The second trial using steers prepared with bile duct re-entrant cannulae resulted in a similar pattern of zeranol excretion in bile, faeces and urine. The highest concentrations of zeranol were observed in bile and ranged from 24 to 34 micrograms/l; there was considerable variation between animals and within animals sampled on successive days. Although the concentration declined steadily, zeranol was still readily detectable 120 days after implanting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Rats were successfully infected with Japanese Fasciola sp. by transplantation of juvenile worms (JW) or metacercariae (MC) into the abdominal cavity. Moreover, the rat was investigated on its suitability for different experiments with liver flukes. JWs or MCs transplanted intraperitoneally (IP) matured in the bile duct of rats. Moreover, more stable infections were established by inoculation of JWs than MCs. About 3 of 10-15 JWs transplanted into the abdominal cavity of a rat matured and laid eggs in the bile duct. The mean prepatent period was 63.5 days in the JW inoculated group. EPG values were kept constant at a level of 10(2)-10(3) about 100 to 230 days after the transplantation of JWs. The life span of Japanese liver flukes was estimated to be about 400 days in rats. From these results, it was concluded that the rat is suitable for various experiments with Fasciola sp.  相似文献   

16.
Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.  相似文献   

17.
A polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant (Firemaster FF-1) was responsible for the widespread environmental contamination and animal losses in Michigan during 1973 and 1974. In Fischer 344/N rats orally given 30,100,300, and 1,000 mg/kg (5 days/week, 22 total doses) for 4.5 weeks and observed for 90 days after the start of treatment, the LD50 was determined to be 65 mg/kg/day (total 1.43 g/kg) for the female rat and 149 mg/kg/day (total 3.28 g/kg) for the male. All female rats given the dosage of 100 mg/kg/day (22 doses, total 2.20 g/kg) died between 41 and 53 days after the start of treatment, whereas 38% of the males died between 50 and 73 days. Pathologic changes in treated rats were large liver, accentuation of the hepatic lobular markings, and atrophy of thymus and spleen. Microscopically, hepatic changes were characterized by congestion, fatty metamorphosis, and multifocal liquefactive necrosis. Male rats given 100 mg/kg/day and dying after 90 days had subacute to chronic hepatitis with marked focal proliferation of bile ducts. Exposure to Firemaster FF-1 may produce atypical liver nodules in the rat as early as 6 months after they were first given the preparation. Marked hepatotoxic effect persisted in surviving rats when examined after 6 months.  相似文献   

18.
It has been shown that some dietary plant proteins beneficially influence lipid metabolism in animals. The effect of pea protein in this respect however has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we studied the effect of purified pea protein on the lipid metabolism in rats. Twenty-four rats received diets with either 200 g/kg of casein or purified pea protein for 16 days. Concentrations of triacylglycerols in liver, plasma and lipoproteins did not differ between both groups of rats. However, rats fed the pea protein diet had a lower concentration of total cholesterol in the liver and the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) fraction than rats fed the casein diet (p < 0.05); cholesterol concentration in plasma, low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) did not differ between both groups. Rats fed pea protein moreover had an increased mRNA concentration of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase in the liver and an increased amount of bile acids excreted via faeces compared with rats fed casein (p < 0.05). Concomitantly, mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 and its target genes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and LDL receptor in the liver were increased in rats fed pea protein (p < 0.05). The data of this study suggests that pea protein stimulates formation and excretion of bile acids, which leads to a reduced hepatic cholesterol concentration and a reduced secretion of cholesterol via VLDL. An increased gene expression of SREBP-2 and its target genes HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor may be a means to compensate for the increased loss of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis.  相似文献   

19.
Experimental infection of pigeon squabs and rats with encysted metacercariae from the Western Carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris klunzingeri) showed them to be infected with a new strigeid trematode, Apatemon hypseleotris. Growth and development of A. hypseleotris in pigeons were significantly higher than in rats. Eggs appeared in pigeon faeces within 7-14 days; miracidia hatched within 15-21 days and in the snail Lymnaea tomentosa released within 21 days. Cercariae experimentally encysted in the leeches Helobdella papillornata (86.7%) and Alboglossiphonia australiensis (73.3%). In fish, encystation occurred in the abdominal cavity (100%) and muscles (40%) of Hypseleotris klunzingeri, in the abdominal cavity (80%) and head (30%) of Gambusia affinis and in the abdominal cavity (62.5%) of Oncorhynchus mykiss but no encystation occurred in Moenkhausia pittieri. Freezing (-7 degrees C for 3-7 days or -21 degrees C for 8-12 hours), chilling (6 degrees C for 12 days), boiling (3 minutes) or salting for 3-5 days of encysted metacercariae did not significantly reduce infectivity. In vitro excystation of metacercariae was achieved using pepsin followed by trypsin and/or bile salts.  相似文献   

20.
On 32 calves (age 3 to 14 days) with spontaneously occurring diarrhoea, the following investigations were carried out: Regular examination of serum bile acid concentrations, collection of the entire faeces with determination of bile acid concentrations, as well as microbiological examinations. Six clinically healthy calves served as control group. In addition, bile acids in bile were determined in 16 other calves of the same age group and in 6 beef bulls. There was no significant influence of daytime or feed intake on serum bile acid concentration in diarrhoeic or healthy calves. Possibly due to the low concentrations of bile acids in the bile of young calves (4.8 +/- 3.7 mmol/l, compared to 57 +/- 13 mmol/l in the bulls), the concentrations in faeces were also rather low (control group 623 +/- 92, calves with diarrhoea 318 +/- 277, after diarrhoea. 794 +/- 935 mumol/kg). Most of it was cholic acid, whereas only traces of desoxycholic acid were found. In spite of the comparatively low concentrations of fecal bile acids, the diarrhoeic calves excreted larger amounts of bile acids than the healthy calves (12.7 +/- 13.5 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.8 mumol/kg), but this was independent of the type of enteropathogen or pathogen combinations which were detected. There were no indications for a direct influence of the diarrhoea by bile acids. However, through enteral bile acid losses, profuse diarrhoea lasting several days can cause a reduction in the total bile acid pool.  相似文献   

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