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1.
Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was conducted to determine whether anti- Streptococcus iniae whole sera (ASI), heat inactivated anti- S . iniae whole sera (HIASI) and normal whole sera (NWS) were protective when intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into tilapia. The ASI was produced in tilapia actively immunized (challenged) with virulent S. iniae by i.p. injection. An antibody response against S. iniae was demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 18% of the immunized fish died because of the S. iniae infection. The actively immunized tilapia demonstrated a secondary antibody response and immunity to S. iniae after challenge with S. iniae by i.p. injection. Survival was 100% in the actively immunized fish. The NWS was obtained from tilapia free of ASI antibody and susceptible to S. iniae infection (40% mortality). In two separate experiments, significantly higher mortality was noted in tilapia passively immunized with NWS (33 and 53%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (30 and 60%), in comparison with mortalities of 0 and 10% or 3.3 and 6.7% in the fish passively immunized with ASI or HIASI 14 days after S . iniae infection by i.p. injection ( P = 0.0003 and 0.0023). Results suggest that immunity provided by ASI and HIASI was because of antibody against S. iniae . Inactivation of complement in the HIASI treatment further suggests that ASI antibody plays a primary role in immunity against S. iniae infection. 相似文献
2.
广东省养殖罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈海豚链球菌感染调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用细菌分离培养方法结合特异PCR技术,对广东省珠三角地区养殖罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp.)、海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)及尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染情况进行了周年调查。每月固定时间在特定养殖区域采集目标鱼的脑、肝、脾、肾和肌肉等组织,并对其进行海豚链球菌的细菌分离培养鉴定。仅从已经患病的尖吻鲈中分离到3株链球菌,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序确定为海豚链球菌。利用海豚链球菌特异PCR技术对上述养殖鱼类不同组织进行检测,发现罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈的海豚链球菌感染率分别为30.21%、23.53%、14.55%,其中罗非鱼脑和肌肉的感染率明显较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为20.65%和23.75%;海鲈的脑部和肌肉感染率也较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为12.1%和10%;而尖吻鲈各组织感染率没有较大差异(P>0.05)。另外,研究结果还表明采集样本的海豚链球菌感染率随着其体长的增加而呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
3.
Streptococcus iniae and Gyrodactylus niloticus are two common pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We studied concurrent infection of tilapia by G. niloticus and S. iniae and evaluated whether parasitism in tilapia with Gyrodactylus increased susceptibility and mortality following immersion infection with S. iniae. Results showed that death mainly occurred in fish with G. niloticus and challenged with S. iniae (G-S group). The accumulative mortality (42.2%) was significantly higher in the G-S group than in fish not infected by the parasite (6.7%), but exposed to S. iniae. Bacteriological examination revealed S. iniae from > or =92% of dead or moribund fish challenged with S. iniae. Gyrodactylus not only damaged fish epithelium and provided entry for invasive bacteria but also was found to harbour viable cells of S. iniae for 24 and 72 h. Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 60% and 40% of G. niloticus collected from fish infected by intraperitoneal injection or immersion, respectively, at 24 h post-challenge. The present study confirms that parasitism of tilapia by G. niloticus increased host mortality following exposure to the bacterial pathogen S. iniae. 相似文献
4.
D. A. Stoffregen S. C. Backman R. E. Perham P. R. Bowser J. G. Babish 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):420-434
Streptococcal infection ( Streptococcus iniae ) was diagnosed sequentially in two tanks of hybrid striped bass Morone saxatilis male × M. chrysops female (Sunshine bass) grown in a commercial freshwater recirculation facility in western Massachusetts. The pathogen was isolated in the laboratory, biochemically and morphologically characterized, and antibacterial sensitivities determined. Streptococcus iniae -induced lesions in the Sunshine bass were character at the gross and histopathological levels. Initial treatment with oxytetracycline was unsuccessful. Based on sensitivity results, enrofloxacin-medicated feed was dosed at 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 d, while a subsequent trial was conducted at 5 mg/kg body weight for 10 d. Mortality of fish subsided promptly following initiation of enrofloxacin therapy, yielding a final mortality in the initial tank of 10.83% (control tank 55.5%) and in the second tank of 16.97% (control tank 39.8%). Tissue enrofloxacin residues, detected via a microbiologic bioassay, revealed greater quantities and longer duration of residues in various tissues from the 5-mg as compared to the 10-mg trial, potentially the result of adverse feed palatability. Enrofloxacin appears to have excellent potential as an antibacterial agent for treating susceptible bacterial diseases of Sunshine bass. 相似文献
5.
The 16S-23S intergenic spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA from ten independent isolates of Streptococcus iniae and one reference strain ATCC29178 were sequenced, aligned and used to design a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for rapid and specific detection and identification of S. iniae. This primer set amplified a 377-bp DNA fragment specifically from S. iniae, but not from other common bacterial pathogens of fish or from non-fish pathogens. The PCR conditions were optimized to allow detection of the organism from agar, broth culture or infected fish tissue. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was established by the detection of DNA as low as 0.02 ng or as few as 10 CFU bacterial cells. The establishment of the specific PCR assay provides a useful tool for the identification and diagnosis of fish infection with S. iniae. 相似文献
6.
海豚链球菌感染对不同品系罗非鱼血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼、埃及尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼为研究对象,饲养100d后,进行海豚链球菌(2.95×108CFU/mL)感染试验,分析攻毒前后各品系罗非鱼的血液生化指标和肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化规律。另从各桶中取20尾鱼进行同样的攻毒试验,统计攻毒后各时间点的累积死亡率。结果表明,感染海豚链球菌96h后,吉富罗非鱼和新吉富罗非鱼对病原较为敏感,累积死亡率分别达到36.67%和38.33%;埃及尼罗罗非鱼对病原敏感性较差,试验期间未见死亡。吉富罗非鱼、新吉富罗非鱼和红罗非鱼血清皮质醇和葡萄糖水平以及肝脏HSP70 mRNA的表达量在攻毒后明显提高,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶与溶菌酶活力也呈上升趋势,碱性磷酸酶活力与甘油三酯和胆固醇水平低于攻毒前。埃及尼罗罗非鱼可以利用糖原和脂类产生的能量,提高了HSPS与一些特定免疫蛋白(溶菌酶、球蛋白等)的合成,增强了鱼体的非特异性免疫力。罗非鱼选育过程中,需要将抗病力与生长性能进行有效的结合,在注重生长速度的同时也要增强其抗应激能力,从而为罗非鱼产业的可持续发展提供保证。 相似文献
7.
分别用迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila、链球菌Streptococcus iniae和斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus,CCRV)对斑点叉尾(鱼回)Ictalurus punctatus进行感染实验,取感染后0h、12h、24h、48h、72h和7d的头肾、肠、肝脏和脾脏,采用实时定量PCR方法检测了TLR5和TLR5S基因在这4种免疫相关组织中的时空表达特征,探讨它们与斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应的关系.结果表明,链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌能够引起TLR5和TLR5S强烈的上调表达,其中以感染链球菌12h后TLR5S在头肾中的表达上调量最为显著,与对照组相比提高了132倍(P＜0.01).在感染嗜水气单胞菌后的24h内TLR5和TLR5S基因的表达量上升,但随后却显示出了明显的下调趋势,而斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒在TLR5和TLR5S基因表达中起到了明显的抑制作用,于大部分组织中表达下调.在感染12h的脾脏中,TLR5基因的表达量仅为对照组的0.017倍(P＜0.01),而TLR5S基因表达量达到最低,仅为对照组的0.01倍(P＜0.01).从不同的组织来看,TLR5在肠中的表达上调幅度最大,而TLR5S在头肾中的表达增幅最明显,如感染链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌12h后,TLR5在肠中的表达量分别增加了50.4倍(P＜0.01)和14.8倍(P＜0.01),TLR5S在头肾中的表达量分别上升了52.8倍(P＜0.01)和132倍(P＜0.01).以上结果进一步证明了TLR5和TLR5S基因在斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,同时在抗病原侵袭过程中表现出了一定的组织特异性和病原特异性. 相似文献
8.
罗非鱼海豚链球菌16S rRNA基因的序列测定和系统进化分析 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
为了从分子水平上对1株致病性罗非鱼链球菌进行分类学鉴定,利用原核生物16SrRNA基因通用引物对分离纯化的罗非鱼致病性链球菌进行16S rRNA基因的克隆及序列分析。结果扩增出长约1.5 kp目的片段,测序得到1条长度为1 447 bp核苷酸序列。核苷酸相似性分析表明,序列与NCB I公布的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae,S.iniae)SCCF5L菌株16SrRNA基因核苷酸序列相似性最高(99.4%),暂称为中国广西株(S.iniae-CGX)。同时,亲源关系较近的S.iniae、S.difficilis和S.agalactiae代表菌株构建的系统发育进化树显示,所得菌株与S.iniae代表菌株组成同一进化分支,与S.agalactiae代表菌株组成的另一进化分支距离较近(95.5%),而与S.difficilis代表菌株组成的进化分支距离较远(92.3%)。上述研究证实,本试验从发病罗非鱼脑组织分离到的致病性链球菌为海豚链球菌。 相似文献
9.
以Primer p14(5’-GATCAAGTCC-3’)为引物对分离自患病斑点叉尾海豚链球菌强毒株DGX07进行RAPD分析。同时参照GenBank中海豚链球菌simA基因序列设计特异性引物,以DGX07基因组DNA为模板,扩增出约1 500 bp的simA基因,并将其克隆到pMD19-T载体上,之后对重组质粒进行PCR和双酶切(BamHⅠ+XhoⅠ)鉴定,鉴定正确后送测序公司测序。RAPD分析结果显示,DGX07和标准菌株均能扩增出750 bp大小的条带。通过生物信息学软件对测序结果分析显示,simA基因全长1 566 bp,由521个氨基酸组成,与海豚链球菌simA和simB亲缘性达100%,存在1个由41个氨基酸组成的信号肽,具有Bap31和Gram_pos_anchor两个超家族的保守结构域;具有与蛋白翻译后修饰功能相关的磷酸化位点22个和N-糖基化位点2个,编码多肽链中亲水区大于疏水区,是一种膜外蛋白,并具有多个抗原优势位点区域。密码子偏爱性分析表明,斑点叉尾源海豚链球菌simA基因密码子使用频率差异较大,密码子偏爱性与酵母较为接近。获得GenBank登录号为JF330100。 相似文献
10.
应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,检测了TLR20和TLR21基因在斑点叉尾鲴Ictalurus punctatus感染迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、链球菌Streptococcus iniae、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila和斑点又尾鲴呼肠孤病毒（Channel Catfish Hemorrhage Reovirus,CCRV）后,在0、12、24、48、72h、7d,肝脏、头肾、脾脏、肠中的时空表达特征。结果显示,4种病原均能引起斑点叉尾鲴TLR20、TLR21基因在所测免疫相关组织中表达量的变化,但呈现出不同的表达模式：感染嗜水气单胞菌后这两种基因的表达差异巨大,而TLR21基因的表达变化不大,在肝脏和头肾中表达量仅在3倍以内变化。感染爱德华氏茵后,TLR20、TLR21两种基因的表达模式类似,在肝脏中表达量显著上调。链球菌引起肝脏TLR20表达量发生4360倍的变化,远远高于TLR21基因在同组织中的表达量（257．8倍）。斑点叉尾鲴呼肠孤病毒感染引起TLR20、TLR21两种基因在肝脏、头肾的上调表达,肠、脾脏的下调表达。以上结果表明了TLR20、TLR21在斑点叉尾鲴天然免疫应答中起重要作用,为研究鱼类疾病防御机制提供了理论参考。 相似文献
11.
尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是世界水产养殖业中的重要经济鱼类,但在养殖生产中易受海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染而致病致死,使用疫苗是一种相对理想的防感染措施。该研究采用海豚链球菌simA、pgmA基因构建的真核表达载体作为DNA疫苗,肌肉注射罗非鱼评估疫苗保护效果。免疫后在DNA和RNA水平上,在注射鱼体内检测到2个目的基因。首次免疫后第7至第28天,鳃、肝、肾脏、头肾中疫苗组的白介素1 (Interleukin,IL-1β)与肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)表达量高于PBS对照组;疫苗组的抗体滴度、血清抗菌活性显著(P<0.05)高于PBS对照组。攻毒后,注射pcDNA3.1-pgmA、pcDNA3.1-simA、pcDNA3.1-pgmA与pcDNA3.1-simA等比例混合疫苗的相对保护率(Relative percent survival,RPS)分别为60.7%、49.9%和75.0%。结果表明所制备的疫苗具有免疫保护效果,可作为候选疫苗。 相似文献
12.
暖水鱼类链球菌病研究概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鱼类链球菌病在世界各主要鱼类养殖国家均有发生，对温带和热带、亚热带地区养殖鱼类危害尤为严重。该病主要是由海豚链球菌和无乳链球菌所引起。本对暖水性鱼类链球菌病的流行病学情况如疾病的分布、易感鱼种类、发病特征、病样的采集、运输及保存，病原菌的分离鉴定，病原菌药敏试验，疫苗的开发等诸多方面进行综述。重点在详细介绍病原菌的基础上阐述现代化分子生物学技术在鱼类链球菌的快速鉴定上的应用及利用疫苗防治鱼类链球菌病的可行性及成果，以期能对鱼类链球菌病的临床防治有指导意义。[编按] 相似文献
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14.
A X Li 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(12):1007-1015
Streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen that results in considerable economic loss to fish farms. Restricted availability of iron is a huge obstacle to survival for pathogenic bacteria during infection, and iron acquisition is important in bacterial virulence. In this study, S. iniae HD‐1 was shown not to produce siderophores (low‐molecular‐weight compounds) but rather to require iron‐containing proteins for growth under iron‐restricted conditions. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding‐cassette (ABC) transporter system (ftsABCD), which is cotranscribed by four downstream genes, namely, ftsA, ftsB, ftsC and ftsD, was identified as responsible for haem utilization of S. iniae. Analysis of the corresponding recombinant protein, FtsB, indicated that it is a putative lipoprotein which plays a role in haem utilization and is produced in vivo during infection with S. iniae HD‐1, and therefore may be a potential candidate antigen for a streptococcal vaccine. 相似文献
15.
为研究黄连等30种中草药对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的抑菌、杀菌作用,通过水煎煮法对30种中草药进行提取,采用牛津杯打孔法,在观察鲟鱼源海豚链球菌对30种中草药敏感性的基础上,进一步采用二倍稀释法测定中草药对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度。试验结果表明,鲟鱼源海豚链球菌对黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香高度敏感,其中黄连的体外抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈直径为(28.35±0.65) mm;对秦皮、山楂、女贞子、苦楝皮、石榴皮等均中度敏感;对丹参、猪苓、苍术、茯苓、贯众和生首乌低度敏感。黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香、秦皮对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度分别为1.95 mg/mL和3.90 mg/mL、1.95 mg/mL和15.62 mg/mL、3.90 mg/mL和7.81 mg/mL、3.90 mg/mL和15.62 mg/mL、7.81 mg/mL和7.81 mg/mL,其余中草药对病原菌的最小抑菌质量浓度和最小杀菌质量浓度均高于15.62 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL。综上可知,黄连、黄芩、连翘、丁香、秦皮对鲟鱼源海豚链球菌具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
16.
分别用热酸抽提法、碱抽提法和胃蛋白酶消化法分离豚链球菌NUF849的类M蛋白，通过SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting印迹法分析比较三种方法所提类M蛋白的组成和抗原性差异。结果表明，热酸抽提法分离制备的类M蛋白得率和纯度都较其它两种方法高，蛋白的抗原性保持较好。采用热酸提取法提取5株豚链球菌NUF633、NUF693、 NUF701、 NUF812、 NUF849和2株停乳链球菌SD、L2的类M蛋白，其SDS-PAGE图谱明显不同，种间差异明显, 豚链球菌主要类M蛋白的分子量分别为60、48、37、30、27、24和15kDa，停乳链球菌主要类M蛋白的分子量分别为68、48、42、37、29、26、23、21、19、17、15、14和11kDa。Western-blotting结果显示，兔抗豚链球菌血清可与豚链球菌的两条类M蛋白带结合，分子量分别为60和37kDa；与停乳链球菌的两条类M蛋白带结合，分子量为68和37 kDa。两种链球菌主要类M蛋白组成及其抗原性差异明显。 相似文献
17.
Public hatchery facilities increasingly respond to recreational fishing demands for larger catchable salmonids and to production programs that require a variety of species. The result of this tendency is to require more complexity in hatchery design and operations involving the simultaneous rearing of several species that results in overlapping production schedules for crops of fish that carryover from 1 year to the next. This paper presents a highly accessible spreadsheet based computer simulation model for use by culturists, designers, and program planners in designing hatchery facilities with these expanded program demands. It addresses trade offs between budget constraints, stocking objectives, available water resources, and production technologies. The model is structured so that all the assumptions for any facility program simulation can be entered on a single spreadsheet. The essential fish growth, density, flow, and feeding relationships used within the model are those based on widely used paradigms developed by Piper et al. (1982) and others. The program information assumptions include all of the essential information to simulate production runs for each group of fish within the facility, each with specific characteristics such as growth rate, feed conversion, calendar day stocking and harvest dates, and duration of the crop. Those program assumptions are linked to a series of other spreadsheets within the spreadsheet workbook that calculate weekly model simulation results for rearing space, first-pass and rearing flows, feed consumption, and phosphorus discharge for each group of fish and then for the combined results of the entire facility. The facility simulation results are automatically plotted in a graphic format for comparative evaluation of any series of production program assumptions that the operators consider in the design process. The graphic results for simulated rearing space, flow, and feeding are presented in an annual format in weekly increments. The graphic results readily present the utilization of facility space and water resources and clearly indicate opportunities to improve facility efficiency in a new simulation providing a rapid means of iterating design changes until the exercise generates the most favorable facility. Several case studies provide examples of this process for the user. 相似文献
18.
Tissue depletion studies of antibacterials are an important part of data packages required to obtain a label from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States for use of therapeutants in food fishes. Currently, withdrawal tima are set based on results of such studies obtained from healthy animals. Bacterial infection can lead to dramatic physiological changes in affected fish. In this investigation, the impact of bacterial infection on depletion kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) was examined in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Streptococcus iniae (a model Gram positive bacterium) or Vibrio vulnificus (a model Gram negative bacterium). An additional group of fish injected with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth was included as a non-infectious stimulus. Although some differences in elimination kinetics of OTC were observed between treated fish and non-treated controls, OTC was rapidly eliminated from tilapia in all groups. In all cases, mean concentration of OTC was below the current 2.0 ppm (μg/g) FDA tolerance for OTC in the edible portion (muscle plus skin) after day 3 postdosing. 相似文献
19.
PCR survey for Paramoeba perurans in fauna,environmental samples and fish associated with marine farming sites for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by the amoeba Paramoeba perurans is an increasing problem in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. In the present PCR survey, the focus was to identify reservoir species or environmental samples where P. perurans could be present throughout the year, regardless of the infection status in farmed Atlantic salmon. A total of 1200 samples were collected at or in the proximity to farming sites with AGD, or with history of AGD, and analysed for the presence of P. perurans. No results supported biofouling organisms, salmon lice, biofilm or sediment to maintain P. perurans. However, during clinical AGD in Atlantic salmon, the amoeba were detected in several samples, including water, biofilm, plankton, several filter feeders and wild fish. It is likely that some of these samples were positive as a result of the continuous exposure through water. Positive wild fish may contribute to the spread of P. perurans. Cleaner fish tested positive for P. perurans when salmon tested negative, indicating that they may withhold the amoeba longer than salmon. The results demonstrate the high infection pressure produced from an AGD‐afflicted Atlantic salmon population and thus the importance of early intervention to reduce infection pressure and horizontal spread of P. perurans within farms. 相似文献
20.
Use of a probiotic to control lactococcosis and streptococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
From a comparison of 125 bacterial isolates recovered from the digestive tract of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, Cyprinus sp., a culture was obtained which was effective at preventing clinical disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae when used as a feed additive. The culture, Aeromonas sobria GC2, was incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trout (average weight = 20 g) for 14 days at a dose equivalent to 5 x 10(7) cells g(-1) of feed. Whereas the untreated controls experienced losses of 75-100% when challenged intraperitoneally with L. garvieae and S. iniae, the probiotic-treated groups remained healthy with total mortalities of only 0-6%. Formalized and sonicated preparations of GC2 and cell-free supernatant fared less well. The mode of action reflected stimulation of innate immunity, namely an increased number of leucocytes and enhanced phagocytic and respiratory burst activity. 相似文献