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1.
Citrus flavonoids in fruit and traditional Chinese medicinal food ingredients in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lu Y Zhang C Bucheli P Wei D 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):57-65
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
2.
以柑橘杂交品种葡萄柚、茂谷橘橙果皮为材料,研究超声波和微波对柑橘果皮提取物中酚类物质及其抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:葡萄柚果皮中含有丰富的柚皮苷、芦丁、橙皮素等酚类物质,茂谷橘橙果皮中含有丰富的槲皮素、川陈皮素、橙皮素等酚类物质。葡萄柚果皮提取液的抗氧化活性高于茂谷橘橙。葡萄柚果皮超声波提取液中酚类物质的含量和抗氧化活性高于微波提取液。柑橘果皮提取物中酚类物质的含量与其DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力呈正相关。此结果说明超声波提取法可提高葡萄柚果皮中酚类物质的提取率和提取液抗氧化能力。 相似文献
3.
Jing Z. Dong Da Y. Lu Y. Wang 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):199-204
Leaves of Lycium barbarum are widely used as medicine vegetables and functional tea in China. The main flavonoids present in the leaves were separated
and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
mass spectrometry (LC-(APCI) MS) and ultraviolet-visible spectra with shift additives. The predominant flavonoid was identified
as rutin. Leaves are the rutin-rich parts (16.03–16.33 mg/g). In the wild and cultivated L. barbarum fruits, contents of rutin were determined very low (0.09–1.38 mg/g). The contents of total flavonoids (21.25 mg/g) of cultivated
L. barbarum leaves were much higher than those in the wild L. barbarum leaves (17.86 mg/g), so cultivated barbarum leaves are a suitable source for medicine vegetables and functional tea. 相似文献
4.
Martínez-Rocha A Puga R Hernández-Sandoval L Loarca-Piña G Mendoza S 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(1):1-5
Free essential oil methanolic extracts from three different geographical populations of Lippia graveolens in México were screened for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties by the DPPH and Kado microsuspension assay, respectively.
Total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as HPLC identification and quantification of naringenin and rosmarinic acid
were also carried out. In addition, a taxonomical phenetic analysis was performed. The L. graveolens extracts showed varying content of phenols and flavonoids. Significant concentration of rosmarinic acid was found for the
first time in the species. All the extracts were capable of scavenging DPPH radicals in a concentration dependent fashion;
the IC50 values correlate with the phenolic content. None of the extracts was toxic to TA100 and TA98 strains at the concentrations
tested; moreover, the extracts at a concentration equivalent to 200 μg of gallic acid inhibited a 39 and 30% the mutagenicity
induced by 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide, respectively. The results suggest that the Mexican oregano is a source of polar bioactive
ingredients for the food industry. 相似文献
5.
Hou Min Combet Emilie Edwards Christine Ann 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(3):383-390
Orange juice is an important source of flavanones in the Western diet. However, little is known of the variation in flavanone content of shop-bought orange juice with pulp (OJP) or without pulp (OJ), nor the impact of pulp on the fate of flavanones in the gut. Total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, hesperidin and narirutin, and dietary fibre were measured in six orange juice brands sold as OJP and OJ. The inclusion of pulp had little impact on fibre content. Apart from total phenols (OJ: 208.4?±?10.7 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ml?1; OJP: 225.9?±?16.7 μg GAE ml?1, P?<?0.05), there were no differences between OJ and OJP. The fate of flavanones in OJ and OJP (Tropicana) were further compared using in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) models. After in vitro upper GI digestion, recovery of hesperidin was higher in OJ compared with OJP (89?±?6 vs. 68?±?3%, P?=?0.033). After 2 h colonic fermentation, hesperidin was 1.2 fold higher in OJP than OJ. However, after 24 h colonic fermentation there was no significant difference between juices in terms of hesperidin, hesperetin, narirutin, naringenin and catabolites. In conclusion, the amount of pulp included in these shop-bought orange juices had little impact on flavanone metabolism in models of the GI tract. The effects of greater amounts of orange pulp remain to be determined.
相似文献6.
K. Goto 《Potato Research》1981,24(2):171-176
Summary Total sugar, reducing sugar, glucose, fructose, and sucrose of scabbed (Streptomyces scabies) and scab-free harvested tubers of several potato cultivars were analysed in four portions (pell and tube flesh separtely,
from basal and apical halves), and also in small whole growing tubers.
The peel of scabby harvested tubes had higher reducing sugar (glucose and fructose) contents than that of corresponding scab-free
tubers. The sugar contents in the flesh and in small growing tubers did not show significant difference beween the scabbed
and scab-free state.
Tubers of scab-susceptible cultivars had more scab and a higher reducing sugar content than those of resistant cultivars.
The results indicate that the contents of reducing sugar (glucose and fructose) in tuber peel are positively correlated with
scab severity. 相似文献
7.
J. F. Wanink T. van Vliet M. J. R. Nout 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(2):117-126
With the view of preparing semi-liquid weaning foods of high energy content, the influence of roasting (stationary hot air treatment) and fermentation (with natural and pure culture inocula) on the viscosity of maize-sorghum-soya porridges was investigated. Roasting resulted in porridges of significantly higher viscosity (cooked porridge cooled to 40 °C). Porridges made from the individual ingredients (maize, sorghum, soya) did not show this behaviour. Natural fermentation of mixed ingredients resulted in lower porridge viscosities (cooked porridge cooled to 40 °C, as well as hot-paste peak viscosity) when pH was 5.0–5.5. At lower pH the viscosity of the final porridges increased. Fermentation experiments of individual ingredients inoculated with pure cultures ofLactobacillus plantarum andCandida famata lead to the conclusion that various factors contribute to the effect of fermentation on porridge viscosity. Porridges of minimum viscosity are obtained at pH 5.0–5.5 corresponding with a moderate extent of fermentation. From a consumer safety point of view, it would be preferable to acidify to lower pH values (pH<4.5). If necessary, viscosity adjustments could be made using malted cereals. 相似文献
8.
Comparison of the seed oil of Moringa pterygosperma (moringa) and Sclerocarya birrea (marula) showed a marked difference in fatty acid composition and oxidative stability. Moringa, with 1000 ppm tocopherols, had an oil stability index (OSI) of 133 h at 110 °C while marula with 1000 ppm tocopherols yielded 37 h at 110 °C. This correlated well with the fatty acid composition of these two oils. Moringa had less than 1% polyunsaturates and marula had 6.7% of these oxidatively unstable materials. In addition, fatty acid compositions of seven species of moringa are presented. All of these species had levels of behenic acid ranging from 1 to 7% with oleic acid levels from 68 to 79%. The highest amount of polyunsatures was found in the moringa species was in Moringa drouhardii with 3.6%. 相似文献
9.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
10.
低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基在面包和面条食品加工过程中起着十分重要的作用。为了便于对含有LMW-GS优良基因的亲本筛选,选取来源于不同麦区包括地方品种和育成品种在内的208份核心种质为供试材料,用特异PCR方法检测Glu-A3位点LMW-GS基因的等位变异。结果表明,Glu-A3d出现频率(26.4%)明显高于其他等位类型,在地方品种和育成品种中的分布频率分别为26.7%和26.0%;分布频率从大到小依次为Glu-A3d>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3b>Glu-A3e>Glu-A3g>Glu-A3f;在来源于冬春兼播麦区的育成品种中未检测出Glu-A3e和Glu-A3f。对面筋强度贡献较大的Glu-A3b在地方品种和育成品种中的分布频率分别为10.7%和18.2%,说明我国小麦总体品质水平有了较大的提升。 相似文献
11.
Effect of processing method on the quality of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) flour for akara preparation
Olopade A.A. Akingbala J.O. Oguntunde A.O. Falade K.O. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):1-10
An indigenous food mixture containing rice flour, milk coprecipitate, sprouted green gram paste and tomato pulp (2: 1: 1: 1 w/w) was developed and called a RCGT food mixture. It was autoclaved (1.5 kg/cm2, 15min, 121 °C), cooled and fermented with 2% liquid culture (containing 106 cells/ml broth). Two types of fermentations were carried out i.e. one step single culture fermentation [L. casei or L. plantarum (37 °C, 24 hr.)] and sequential culture fermentation [S. boulardii (25 °C, 24 hr.) +L. casei (37 °C, 24 hr.)]; [S. boulardii (25 °C, 24 hr.) + L. plantarum (37 °C, 24 hr.)]. All fermentations drastically reduced the contents of phytic acid, polyphenols and trypsin inhibitor activity while significantly improving the in vitro digestibilities of starch and protein. Sequential culture fermentations brought about further changes compared to one step single culture fermentation. 相似文献
12.
禾谷缢管蚜病毒(RhPV)是一种寄生在禾谷缢管蚜体内的小RNA病毒。为了探讨RhPV在我国禾谷缢管蚜种群中的分布和感染情况,从我国11个省16个不同地区麦田采集禾谷缢管蚜,利用RT-PCR检测RhPV在不同种群共212个禾谷缢管蚜个体中的感染情况,并对获得的RhPV基因序列进行了差异比较和系统发育分析。结果表明,16个禾谷缢管蚜地理种群中均检测到了RhPV,感染率介于50%~100%之间。序列比对分析表明,克隆得到的RhPV基因片段在不同种群中非常保守,所有分析的蚜虫个体中仅得到6条不同的基因序列,这些序列与其他国家已经报道的RhPV序列相似性都在98%以上;系统发育分析表明,6条不同的RhPV基因序列可以分为2个亚进化枝,国外报道的两条RhPV相应序列构成其中的一个进化枝,本研究获得的6条序列构成另外一个进化枝。本研究所选用的基因片段能够准确检测RhPV在禾谷缢管蚜中的感染率,为进一步分析RhPV对禾谷缢管蚜的发育繁殖、行为、种群动态和种群微进化的影响奠定了基础。 相似文献
13.
Ipomea carnea Jacq, a common weed known as ‘Beshram’ was introduced in India, as an ornamental plant. Surprisingly, except fiber length, other morphological characteristics like, cell wall thickness, lumen diameter, flexibility coefficient and wall fraction of I. carnea resemble with softwoods like, Pinus kesiya, and Picca abies. Cannabis sativa L., a common weed known as soft hemp consists of both bast fiber as well as core fiber. The unique morphological characteristics of I. carnea like, cell wall thickness and flexibility coefficient, which resembles with softwoods along with long fibers of C. sativa, in which I. carnea deficits in a proper blend ratio, can be used in a better way for the development of high quality value added paper. The optimum kraft cooking conditions for I. carnea and C. sativa were: active alkali 16%, sulfidity 20%, temperature 165 °C, time (at temperature) 120 min and wood to liquor ratio of 1:4 for I. carnea and 1:3.5 for C. sativa. The screened pulp yield of I. carnea and C. sativa were found to be 49.3 and 54.3% at Kappa number of 29, respectively. An anthraquinone (AQ) dose of 0.1% increases the pulp yield to the tune of around 0.6% as well reduce the Kappa number to the tune of 22%. CEHH bleaching of C. sativa produces pulp brightness of 82% (Elrepho) at total chlorine demand of 5.07%. On contrary to this the I. carnea kraft pulp at same chlorine demand produce a pulp with improved brightness of 85.4% (Elrepho). 相似文献
14.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献
15.
A. M. Rizk F. M. Hammouda S. I. Ismail N. M. Hassan M. M. El-Missiry F. A. Ahmad 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(1):1-3
The study of the flavonoids of the unripe fruits ofGlossonema edule, resulted in the isolation and identification of apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucoside (violanthin) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside. 相似文献
16.
我国燕麦秆锈菌生理小种与毒力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解当前我国燕麦秆锈菌生理小种及其毒力现状,利用12个北美燕麦秆锈菌单基因鉴别寄主,对2013年采集的7份和2012保存的4份燕麦秆锈病标样进行小种与毒力鉴定,并用Pg a-code字母命名系统命名小种,以16个单基因系测定毒力频率。结果表明,从11份燕麦秆锈菌标样中分离成活了26个单孢子堆菌株,鉴定出TKR、TJM和TKM三个生理小种,出现频率分别为61.6%、30.8%和7.6%。26个菌株对Pg 6和Pg 15无毒力,对Pg 10、Pg 13、Pg a和Rodney 0的毒力频率分别为69.2%、61.6%、61.6%和84.6%,对Pg 1、Pg 2、Pg 3、Pg 4、Pg 8、Pg 9、Pg 12、Pg 16和Marvellous毒力频率高达100%。说明当前我国燕麦秆锈菌优势小种为TKR,次优势小种为TKM;Pg 6和Pg 15为有效抗病基因,Pg 1、Pg 2、Pg 3、Pg 4、Pg 8、Pg 9、Pg 12、Pg 16和Marvellous则为无效抗病基因,Pg 10、Pg 13、Pg a和Rodney 0对我国燕麦秆锈菌具有一定的区分作用。 相似文献
17.
利用特异性引物对2017年采自7个省(自治区)的84份玉米瘤黑粉病菌进行交配型a位点鉴别,采用相关序列扩增多态性(ISSR)分子标记技术对供试菌株进行遗传多样性分析,分析我国北方玉米主要产区玉蜀黍黑粉菌交配型a位点基因型种类及其遗传多样性水平。结果表明,玉蜀黍黑粉菌交配型a位点基因型主要有mfa1、mfa2和mfa1+mfa2三个种类,84株菌株中,mfa1基因型和mfa1+mfa2基因型均有31株,占鉴定株数的36.9%;22株为mfa2位点,占鉴定株数的26.2%。通过筛选出的8条ISSR引物共扩增出61条清晰条带,特异性条带55条,多态性位点所占比例为90.2%。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,供试菌株遗传相似系数介于0.59～0.92,在遗传相似系数为0.65时供试菌株被分为6个类群,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。ISSR揭示的玉蜀黍黑粉菌遗传多样性、交配型a位点基因型以及地理来源之间的关系分析结果表明,菌株的遗传类群和交配型a位点基因型之间无密切关系,并且两者与菌株地理来源也无明显相关性。 相似文献
18.
Ibtissem Hamrouni Sellami Emna Maamouri Thouraya Chahed Wissem Aidi Wannes Mohamed Elyes Kchouk Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):395-402
The variation in the content and composition of Origanum majorana L. essential oil has been studied. Plant material has been harvested at four phenological stages (early vegetative, late vegetative, budding and full-flowering). Essential oil yield varied from 0.04 to 0.09% reached during the full-flowering stage. Analysis of the essential oils by GC and GC/MS revealed the presence of 38 components represented mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (64.01–71.4%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (21.73–29.92%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (1.47–4.05%). The main components were terpinen-4-ol (29.13–32.57%), cis-sabinene hydrate (19.9–29.27%), trans-sabinene hydrate (3.5–11.61%), γ-terpinene (2.11–8.20%), bornyl acetate (1.52–2.94%) and linalool (1.05–1.39%). On the other hand, phenolic contents varied from 2.706 to 6.834 mg/g of dry weight obtained during the later vegetative stage. RP-HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of O. majorana L. dried aerial parts showed the predominance of phenolic acids during the early vegetative stage whereas flavonoids predominate during the other stages of growth. The main phenolic acids identified were trans-2-hydroxycinnamic, rosmarinic, vanillic, chlorogenic, gallic and cinnamic whereas the main flavonoids were amentoflavone, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, coumarin and rutin. Results obtained showed that later vegetative stage is characterized by the highest contents of bioactive compounds and therefore it could be considered as the best stage for harvesting marjoram plants. 相似文献
19.