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生物防治技术在荷兰蔬菜生产上的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
绿色食品蔬菜是一种优质、营养无污染的蔬菜,深受消费者欢迎。但在绿色食品蔬菜生产过程中病虫害的防治比较困难,如防治不当不仅会影响蔬菜产品的品质,而且会影响产量。今年我有机会到荷兰考察学习荷兰园艺生产技术时,发现荷兰在蔬菜生产中应用生防技术防治蔬菜害虫很成功,值得我们学习借鉴。荷兰的蔬菜主要是在设施内进行无土栽培,而且换茬时工作人员对温室进行彻底消毒,基本控制了土传病害,其他病害也很少发生。相对而言,虫害发生比较重。早在１９世纪荷兰人就提出了在农业生产中利用天敌来防治害虫,他们认为用生防的方法不仅可… 相似文献
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采用组培技术对植物进行快速繁殖,是一种多快好省的办法。从70年代开始,科学工作者把这一技术广泛应用到农业、林业、园艺等种植业上来,取得了很大的经济效益。估计,国内目前约有一千多个科研与生产单位正从事于组培技术的开发与应用。仅以上海为例,每年有几万棵香石竹组培苗从法国、荷兰进口;我国也有几十万棵组培苗出口到国外。 相似文献
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陈枝楠 《中国进出境动植检》1995,(1):18-19
荷兰植物检疫的执行机构是荷兰植物健康局(Plant Health Department,PHD),该局隶属于荷兰国家农业资源和渔业部,是荷兰植物检疫的监督、执行和管理机关。 历史和发展 荷兰植物健康局源于荷兰植物保护所(Plant Protection Ser-vice,PPS)。此所由著名的植物病理学家J.R.Bos教授于1899年筹建。现在,它是植物健康局的 相似文献
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荷兰的农业生产和国家植物保护局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荷兰人口1570万人,国土面积4.15万km2,大约是我国江苏省的2/5,可耕地面积约200万km2,人均耕地面积不足0.09hm2。然而,荷兰是世界最发达的国家之一,国内生产总值排名在世界前15位之内。农产品净出口额,1961～1999年间约增长了45倍,自20世纪90年代以来,每年农产品净出口额一直保持在130亿美元左右,仅次于美国、法国,居世界第3位。如果把园艺类产品(鲜花、观赏植物等)和渔业包括在内,荷兰的净出口额达176亿美元,而美国为148亿美元,则居世界第1位。为了切实保证农业生产安全,荷兰政府设立了功能齐全的国家植物保护局,全面负责农业病虫害的防治工… 相似文献
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荷兰鳞球茎花卉病毒种类及其防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
陈枝楠 《中国进出境动植检》1996,(2):31-34
荷兰被誉为花卉王国,不仅因为荷兰花卉种类繁多,品质优美,更重要的是荷兰鳞球茎花卉植物在世界花卉贸易中占有极其重要的地位。荷兰政府一贯非常重视鳞球茎花卉的生产、研究和贸易,每年在品种改良、储藏运输、鲜花保鲜和病虫害防治等方面投以巨资,从而使荷兰鳞球茎花卉的研究一直保持在相当高的水平,其中病毒病的研究及防治技术处于世界领先地位。 相似文献
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农业防治是综合运用农业“八字宪法”控制和消灭病虫发生为害、减少化学农药使用、保护生态环境的良好措施。农业防治的理论依据是从病虫、作物、环境条件的复杂关系中抓住关键．有目的地通过农业技术措施．创造对病虫发生繁殖不利而对作物生长发育有利的条件．直接或间接地消灭或抑制病虫的发生和为害。实践证明,在绝大多数情况下,农业防治措施同高产栽培措施是一致,具有经济有效、安全低碳、生态环保、保护环境、减少污染等优点。农业防治包括栽培制度,管理技术措施等。实行轮作换茬、合理布局品种、适时中耕松土除草、合理施肥、科学灌水、清洁田园、除去杂草等,可以减轻许多病虫的发生和为害。因此,农业防治在作物病虫害防治中非常重要。 相似文献
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A new method for application of minimum lethal herbicide dose (MLHD) rates is based on the assumption that a MLHD for a photosystem (PS) II herbicide can be predicted for weeds when the developmental stage of seedlings, herbicide uptake and herbicide action are taken into account. Chenopodium album 相似文献
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植物光合作用测定法确定灭草松和特丁津混用的最低致死剂量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在荷兰瓦赫宁根国际植物研究所温室内,用植物光合作用测定法研究了光合作用抑制型除草剂灭草松和特丁津桶混防除6种常见阔叶杂草的最低致死剂量。结果表明,药剂对杂草的生长有明显的抑制作用,在施药2 d后可观察到明显的灭草松的防效,在施药8 d后可观察到明显的特丁津的防效。随着施药剂量的增加,杂草叶片的植物光合作用测定(PPM)值和杂草地上部分鲜重显著下降。供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异:红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感,ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17 g/hm2;春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感,ED90值分别为96.91、114.20 g/hm2;而番茄不敏感。比较施药后2、4和6 d时杂草叶片的PPM值与施药后16 d时杂草地上部分鲜重防效的相关性可以发现,施药后4 d杂草叶片的PPM值与鲜重防效的相关性最好,相应的R2为0.924 7。表明PPM值可以较好地预测防效,在本试验条件下,施药后4 d的PPM值的预测效果最好。 相似文献
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对一株进境隔离种植中疑似病毒症状的荷兰百合进行检测、鉴定。采用RT-PCR方法对疑似样品的部分基因序列进行扩增、测序,比对后,建立系统发育树进行亲缘关系分析。结果表明,采用香石竹潜隐病毒属和马铃薯X病毒属(CarlapCar1I/M4T和Potex 5/Potex 1RC)简并引物均可扩增到预期大小的片段(1 257 nts和737 nts)。序列分析显示,扩增片段与车前草花叶病毒(Plantago asiatica mosaic virus,Pl AMV)3'端序列(包含TGBp2、TGBp1、CP,3’-NTS)和部分依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶基因序列一致性可达79.9%~99.5%和80.5%~99.3%。利用PlAMV的特异性引物(PlAMV-cpup/PlAMV-cpdw)进行检测,结果进一步证实该百合样品含有PlAMV。通过建立系统发育树得出,该病毒分离物与来自荷兰的PlAMV百合分离物优先聚为一簇,表明二者的亲缘关系最近。这是我国口岸首次截获车前草花叶病毒的报道。 相似文献
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我国除草剂登记使用现状及存在问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了我国除草剂登记和使用的基本现状,探讨了除草剂登记和使用中存在的主要突出问题,并分析了为解决这些问题可采取的有效措施或建议等。我国按《农药管理条例》的要求,农药实行登记制度。农药生产和登记随着国家工业技术的蓬勃发展,由原来主要依靠进口,主要以跨国公司的产品登记,到现在以国内企业产品登记为主,我国除草剂原药和制剂都有大量出口。但在新除草剂创制和使用中,仍然存在一些突出问题,如创制新品种能力弱、开发新技术少、除草剂药害和抗药性等问题日益突出。科学、有效的解决这些问题,将有利于保证我国农产品质量安全和我国现代农业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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我国土壤熏蒸消毒60年回顾 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
熏蒸剂棉隆和氯化苦于20世纪60年代在我国曾用于棉花黄萎病的防治,由于缺乏施药机械、相关施药标准和方法,加之与国外交流甚少,虽然发现熏蒸剂对土传病害有一定的效果,但一直未形成规模化应用。我国大量使用熏蒸剂进行土壤消毒处理始于20世纪90年代,随着溴甲烷的引进与广泛应用,溴甲烷的替代技术及产品研发,开启了我国土壤熏蒸消毒的新纪元。伴随着土壤消毒技术与理论的不断丰富,新型配套机械装备的成功研发,社会化服务模式的广泛运用,土壤熏蒸消毒在我国进入快速发展时期,大批专业化服务组织应运而生,为我国农作物病虫害的绿色防控、实施乡村振兴战略提供了强有力的技术支撑。该文从土壤熏蒸剂的种类、发展历史、基础理论的建立与阐明3方面综述了我国土壤熏蒸发展情况,并对我国土壤熏蒸消毒未来发展方向提出了展望。 相似文献
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I. V. Surkov W. Van Der Werf O. Van Kooten A. G. J. M. Oude Lansink 《EPPO Bulletin》2007,37(2):395-403
As of January 1st 2005, a system of reduced checks for phytosanitary inspections of certain plants and plant products imported into the European Union (EU) is in place. Under this system, plants and plant products satisfying special criteria may be inspected with a reduced frequency. These criteria are based on EU‐wide data on historical volumes of import and interceptions of harmful organisms in particular products. The objective of this paper is two‐fold. Firstly, the paper analyses whether proportions of interceptions of harmful organisms associated with cut flowers imported into the Netherlands – the largest EU importer of cut flowers – support the application of reduced checks for certain genera and trades (commodity‐exporting country combinations) of cut flowers. Secondly, the paper analyses how effective the reduced checks system is in minimizing the expected costs of introduction of harmful organisms in the EU. For that, a theoretically optimal system for allocating inspection effort to commodities is described. Using an illustrative example and stochastic simulations, the expected costs of introduction of harmful organisms under the theoretically optimal system and the current system of reduced checks are compared. Examination of interceptions of harmful organisms supports application of reduced checks for most genera and trades of cut flowers in the Netherlands. The results of stochastic simulations show that reduced checks may not minimize the expected costs of introduction of harmful organisms into the EU. Accounting for possible economic impacts of harmful organisms in determining the frequencies of reduced checks may help optimize the current system. 相似文献
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J. V. CROSS 《EPPO Bulletin》1988,18(4):587-594
Since the early part of the century, a steady move in England towards lower volume spraying of orchards has coincided with the progressive introduction of improved spraying techniques. In recent years many growers have adopted very low volume (VLV) spraying (50 litre ha-1) using spinning-disc nozzles with greatly reduced dose rates, often only 25% of the product label recommendation. On well managed farms, this method of spraying has been successful for several years and considerable savings have been made in pesticide use and labour for spraying. On other farms there have been pest and disease control problems but few growers have reverted to spraying at conventional volume or pesticide rates. Trials evidence from the UK and the Netherlands shows the VLV reduced dose-rate spraying technique to be generally less effective than conventional spraying but usually sufficiently effective for commercial purposes. In the Netherlands a compromise method of low volume spraying (150–200 litre ha-1) is being adopted on the recommendation of research and advisory services. This method of spraying is gaining popularity in England. Unfortunately, the method of application stipulated on product labels is usually restricted to a minimum water volume and a pesticide dose per ha. It might be desirable for experimental work for registration purposes to be done to explore optimum application methods for individual pesticides. This information on labels, in a simple form, might lead to the more efficient use of pesticides as well as reflecting the range of application methods in use in the industry. 相似文献
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D. J. Van Der Gaag G. Sinatra P. F. Roversi A. Loomans F. Hérard A. Vukadin 《EPPO Bulletin》2010,40(2):176-187
Eradication efforts are described at 5 sites where infestations of Anoplophora chinensis have been detected in Europe since 2003. The infestations were in France (declared eradicated in 2006), in Croatia, in Italy (Rome) and in the Netherlands (Westland and Boskoop). Each of these infestations was on or nearby a nursery or location where plants originating from Eastern Asia had (probably) been stocked or sold. Infested plants were all found within a distance of 30 m from the presumed source of infestation except in the Rome‐infestation where infested plants, in total 40, were found within 500 m of the presumed source of infestation. The history of plant imports and local observations at 3 sites (France, Croatia and Westland in the Netherlands) suggests that larvae arrived in imported plants and adults emerged and laid eggs on plants in the surroundings between 1 and 5 years before the infestation was detected. It was not possible to make such an estimate for the Boskoop infestation in the Netherlands and the Rome infestation in Italy. 相似文献