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1.
The pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis in 4-week-old chickens was studied following administration of Australian T strain of IBV by the aerosol, conjunctival, intranasal, in-contact and drinking water routes.
Infected birds showed similar patterns of clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions. While the birds infected by the aerosol route had earlier and slightly more severe respiratory tract disease it was concluded that the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus nephritis was not significantly influenced by the route used to infect the birds.
In a second experiment, pathological changes produced in chickens infected with Australian S, A, A3 and T strains of IBV were compared in 18-day-old chickens infected by the aerosol route and housed in cold and warm environments. All 4 strains produced respiratory reactions and kidney lesions, and these changes were more severe and of longer duration in both respiratory tract and kidneys in the birds housed in a cold environment than those receiving supplementary heat.
The viruses differed in their virulence for the trachea and kidney and the effect of a virus on the respiratory trace was independent of the effect of that virus on the kidney.  相似文献   

2.
Virus was recovered from the faeces of chickens infected at three or four weeks of age for more than 20 weeks after infection with commercial vaccines or with the T strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Virus was not recovered from the trachea, liver, spleen, bursa or kidneys of T strain infected birds longer than 29 days after infection at which point IBV was recovered from the bursa of a single infected bird. In a subsequent experiment IBV was recovered from the caecal lymph nodes and faeces of one of five birds 14 weeks after infection with a commercial vaccine but no virus was isolated from the trachea, kidneys, duodenum, bursa, ovaries or testes of any of the five birds at this time.  相似文献   

3.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens. To understand the kinetics and relationships between the humoral (Ab) and antigen specific T cell immunity as well as pathological changes during infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection and immunization, one-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with live IBV H52 strain and challenged with IBV M41 15 days post primary infection. Chickens were sacrificed every 3 days to monitor antigen specific serum IgG and IBV nucleoprotein-specific immune responses using a chicken MHC I tetramer developed in our laboratory. The results demonstrated that T cell responses developed more rapidly than the humoral (Ab) immune response after vaccination with H52. However, serum IgG dramatically increased after M41 challenge. Chickens from the control, non-vaccinated group developed severe respiratory symptoms and demonstrated significant pathological changes in lung, kidney and bursa of Fabricius post challenge with M41. However, chickens vaccinated with H52 did not demonstrate clinical signs or histological changes post challenge with M41. These results indicated that the live IBV H52 inoculation effectively protected chickens from morbidity and pathological changes associated with IBV infection. These data facilitates the design of a new generation of IBV vaccine.  相似文献   

4.
Infectious bronchitis was diagnosed in 3-to-4-week-old pullets from an outbreak in a commercial flock in California. The disease was characterized by head swelling, watery discharge from the eyes and nostrils, and urates in kidneys. Mortality ranged from 1.8% to 12.5% per week. The isolation of a coronavirus from a suspension of pooled kidneys from clinically ill chickens at the fifth passage in 10-day-old chicken embryos, gross and histologic renal lesions, and seroconversion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in inoculated birds suggested that the virus isolated was a nephrotrophic strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus isolate was found to be a previously unrecognized serotype, based on virus neutralization tests performed in embryonated chicken eggs. Nephropathogenicity of the IBV isolate was confirmed by inoculation of the viral isolate into specific-pathogen-free chicks and demonstration of renal lesions. The isolation of nephrotropic strains of IBV has not been reported previously from poultry in California.  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在探讨不同来源的传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)诱导SPF鸡发病的免疫机制。选用140只1日龄SPF白来航鸡,随机分为4组,3组攻毒组通过滴鼻点眼途径分别接种鸡源IBV强毒株、鸡源IBV弱毒株和野鸡源IBV毒株3个毒株,对照组以同种方式接种等量灭菌的磷酸盐缓冲液。在感染后12 h、36 h、72 h、7 d和14 d,每组随机选取5只进行剖检,并分别采集法氏囊、肾脏和气管组织,剩余鸡用于观察临床症状、发病及死亡情况。应用实时荧光定量PCR检测攻毒后不同时间点采集的各组织中IBV的病毒载量、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)及部分细胞因子(白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)和干扰素(interferon,IFN))表达量的变化。结果显示,感染不同来源IBV毒株之后仅鸡源IBV强毒株感染组SPF鸡出现抑郁、翅膀下垂、甩头等典型的临床症状,且在感染后5~10 d共有7只死亡,死亡率为20%。病理剖检发现,感染鸡源IBV强毒株的鸡肾脏肿大、尿酸盐沉积和有花斑样病变,而感染野鸡源IBV毒株、鸡源IBV弱毒株和对照组的鸡无明显的眼观病变。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在鸡源IBV强毒株组的法氏囊、肾脏和气管3个组织中均检测到病毒。对照组和野鸡源IBV毒株组中均未检测到病毒,鸡源IBV弱毒株组只在部分组织中检测到病毒。在感染后72 h,鸡源IBV强毒株组与其他各组相比,TLR1、TLR2、TLR3、TLR5、TLR7和TLR15基因在法氏囊中的表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),IL-6和IFN-β参与更强烈的抗病毒免疫反应;在感染后7 d,鸡源IBV弱毒株组与其他各组相比,肾脏中TLR2、TLR3、TLR15、TLR21、IL-6和IL-18基因表达量均显著升高(P<0.05)。野鸡源IBV感染后36 h法氏囊组织中IFN-γ基因表达量显著上调(P<0.05)。综上所述,3个IBV毒株中仅鸡源IBV强毒感染引起SPF鸡典型临床发病症状与可视组织病变,且可提高SPF鸡组织中免疫相关因子的基因表达量。本研究结果揭示,不同来源的IBV对SPF鸡的不同致病性与其感染诱导的免疫反应不同有关。  相似文献   

6.
鸡传染性支气管炎病毒免疫机制和免疫预防研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）引起的鸡传染性支气管炎（Infectious bronchitis,IB）是高度传染的全球性鸡病之一,严重危害养鸡业。IBV众多的血清型及其基因组的不断变异,给IB的免疫防控带来很大的困难。IBV主要侵害鸡的呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和消化系统,病鸡出现呼吸困难、产蛋下降、肾炎和腺胃炎等症状和病变。IBV的特点是变异频繁,血清型复杂,所致疾病的临床表现差异很大。因此,IB已成为养禽业最难控制的疫病之一。鸡对IBV的免疫机制是国内外研究的热点之一。传统疫苗已不能完全保护免疫鸡群,开发IBV基因工程疫苗,从主要免疫原性蛋白的良好表达到免疫策略的不断完善,已成为未来预防IB的趋势。  相似文献   

7.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the important viral diseases of chickens, and in spite of regular vaccination, IB is a continuous problem in Canadian poultry operations. In an earlier study using sentinel chickens we determined the incidence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Ontario commercial layer flocks. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of 5 nonvaccine-related IBV isolates recovered from the sentinel birds. The clinical signs, gross, and histological lesions in specific pathogen-free chickens indicated that all 5 isolates caused mild lesions in the respiratory tract. An important finding of this study was the significantly lower average daily weight gain among virus-inoculated groups of chickens during the acute phase of infection. Based on sequences of part of the S1 gene IBV-ON2, IBV-ON3, and IBV-ON5 formed a cluster and they were closely related to strain CU-82792. IBV-ON4 had 98.7% identity with the strain PA/1220/9, a nephropathogenic variant.  相似文献   

8.
Four-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated by eyedrop with four different strains (Gray, JMK, CV56b, and Wolgemuth) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Birds were monitored clinically and euthanatized at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days postinfection and tissues were collected for virus isolation, histopathologic examination, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Clinical disease was severe in chickens infected with Wolgemuth, but no overt disease was observed with the other strains. Virus was isolated from the kidneys of chickens infected with the Gray-, CV56b-, and Wolgemuth-strains of IBV. Histologically, interstitial nephritis was evident in chickens infected with these same 3 strains. However, viral nucleic acid and antigen were detected only with Wolgemuth-infected kidneys by ISH and IHC. These results indicate that the pathological changes in kidneys from chickens infected with Gray and CV56b may not have resulted from the cytolytic action of the virus.  相似文献   

9.
Despite the existence of an active vaccination program, recently emerged strains of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Korea have caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we assessed the pathogenic and antigenic characteristics of a K-IIb type field strain of IBV that emerged in Korea since 2003, such as Kr/Q43/06. Specific pathogen free 1-week-old chickens exhibited severe respiratory symptoms (dyspnea) and nephropathogenic lesions (swollen kidneys with nephritis and urate deposits) following challenge with the recent IBV field strain. The antigenic relatedness (R value), based on a calculated virus neutralization index, of the K-IIb type field strain and K-IIa type strain KM91 (isolated in 1991) was 30%, which indicated that the recent strain, Kr/Q43/06, is a new variant that is antigenically distinct from strain KM91. This report is the first to document the emergence of a new antigenic variant of nephropathogenic IBV in chicken from Korea.  相似文献   

10.
鸡传染性支气管是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒引起鸡的一种急性高度接触性呼吸道传染病,由于病毒血清型较多,易于发生变异而难以免疫预防,成为养鸡业发展的重大阻力。文章就该病毒的致病机理方面的研究情况做一综述,为防制鸡传染性支气管炎提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
Naqi S  Gay K  Patalla P  Mondal S  Liu R 《Avian diseases》2003,47(3):594-601
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious and economically significant disease in chickens. Establishment of a carrier state in IBV infection and the potential for the persistent virus to undergo mutations and recombination in chicken tissues have important consequences for disease management. Nevertheless, whether chickens can maintain persistent IBV infection in the absence of reinfection from exogenous sources or the presence of antibody in the host can modulate virus persistence remains unclear. Indeed, whether or not IBV genome can undergo genetic changes during in vivo infection has not been demonstrated experimentally. In the present study, IBV shedding and tissue persistence were monitored in individual chickens maintained under strict isolation that precluded reinfection from exogenous sources. In the first of two experiments, intranasal exposure of 6-wk-old antibody-free chickens to IBV vaccine virus resulted in intermittent shedding of the virus from both trachea and cloaca of individual birds for up to 63 days. Also, the virus was recovered from the internal organs (spleen, gonad, kidney, lung, cecal tonsil, and cloacal bursa) of six of eight birds killed at various intervals between 27 and 163 days postinoculation (DPI). In the second experiment, IBV exposure of 1-day-old maternal antibody-positive chicks led to periodic virus shedding from the trachea and cloaca in all chickens until 77 days; however, internal organs (lungs and kidneys) of only one of seven birds (killed at 175 DPI) were virus positive, suggesting that presence of antibody at the time of infection protects internal organs from IBV infection. When the lung and kidney isolates of IBV from the latter experiment were compared with the parent-vaccine virus, no changes in their antigenicity, tissue tropism, or the nucleotide sequence of the S1 glycoprotein gene were observed. These findings indicate that, unlike the mammalian coronaviruses, propensity for frequent genetic change may not be inherent in the IBV genome.  相似文献   

12.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) disease progression in vaccinated chickens after challenge was evaluated in a single commercial line of layer chickens presenting two different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B complex genotypes. MHC B genotypes were determined by DNA sequence-based typing of BF2 alleles. In total, 33 B2/B15 and 47 B2/B21 chickens were vaccinated with an Ark-type IB virus (IBV) attenuated vaccine and challenged with Ark-type IBV field isolate AL/4614/98 14 days later. Additional chickens of both genotypes served as unvaccinated/challenged and unvaccinated/nonchallenged controls. Clinical signs, histopathologic analysis, detection of IBV genomes in tears, and IBV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in tears were used to evaluate disease progression and immune response. The incidence of IBV respiratory signs was significantly higher in B2/21 than in B2/B15 MHC genotype birds. However, neither the severity and duration of respiratory signs nor the severity and incidence of histologic lesions differed significantly with MHC genotype. The levels of IBV-specific IgA in tears of vaccinated and challenged chickens did not differ significantly between MHC genotypes. IBV genomes were present in the tears of vaccinated and challenged birds, and the incidence of detectable IBV genomes did not vary significantly with MHC B genotype. From an applied perspective, these results indicate that vaccinated commercial outbred chickens with these MHC genotypes are equally resistant to IBV.  相似文献   

13.
Attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus by cold-adaptation.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Arkansas-type DPI strain was passaged 10 times in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos incubated at 28 C and 37 C. Virus grown at 28 C acquired cold-adapted (CA) and temperature-sensitive (TS) characteristics based on more-rapid growth at 28 C and a reduced ability to grown at 41 C, respectively, compared with non-cold-adapted (non-CA) virus grown at 37 C. The pathogenicity and immunogenicity were determined for CA and non-CA IBV in 1-day-old SPF chickens following intratracheal inoculation. The percentage of CA IBV-vaccinated chicks exhibiting respiratory disease exceeded 30% on only 1 day postinoculation (PI) (day 5 PI), compared with 8 days (days 2-9 PI) for birds given non-CA IBV. Mortality was 0% for CA IBV-vaccinated chickens and 6% for non-CA virus-vaccinated chickens. Microscopically, both CA and non-CA IBV caused diffuse tracheal deciliation, although mucosal hyperplasia, necrosis, and heterophil infiltration were more severe with non-CA IBV. Virus was reisolated from kidneys of chickens given CA IBV, suggesting the loss of the TS property. The instability of the TS property was confirmed by growth of the reisolated virus at 41 C. Both CA and non-CA viruses induced complete protection against homologous challenge virus infection of the upper respiratory tract.  相似文献   

14.
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an economically important viral disease with worldwide distribution. Every country with an intensive poultry industry has infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus rapidly spreads from bird to bird through horizontal transmission by aerosol or ingestion. Sentinel bird studies were carried out in southern Ontario and IBV has been isolated from layer flocks. Genetic analysis of the S1 region of the strains showed that they were not vaccine related. The pathogenicity of selected Ontario variants of IBV isolates was studied and the subsequent work was to determine the degree of protection against field isolates provided by a commonly used vaccine MILDVAC-Ma5 in Ontario. The protection was evaluated by challenging immunized chickens with the respiratory (IBV-ON1) and nephropathogenic (IBV-ON4) viruses. The mean vaccine efficacy for IBV-ON1 was 66.7% indicating that a Massachusetts serotype vaccine would provide some protection against IBV field isolates.  相似文献   

15.
Infectious bronchitis virus CA99 serotype was isolated from several broiler flocks in Northern California. The virus caused late-onset respiratory disease and increased airsacculitis condemnation in affected flocks despite the use of an established infectious bronchitis virus vaccination program. An experimental study compared Holland/Arkansas and Massachusetts/Arkansas vaccination protocols to determine the efficacy of commercial infectious bronchitis virus vaccines in reducing respiratory disease and airsacculitis lesions found at processing that were associated with a CA99 field isolate. All vaccination groups were given Massachusetts/Connecticut strains of infectious bronchitis virus vaccines at age 1 day followed by vaccination with either Holland/ Arkansas or Massachusetts/Arkansas vaccine strains at 18 days of age. Birds were challenged at age 31 days with a CA99 field isolate. Gross pathology, histopathology, and virus isolation were evaluated. Chickens vaccinated with Holland/Arkansas had marginally better protection against CA99 challenge than chickens vaccinated with Massachusetts/Arkansas, although differences were not statistically significant.  相似文献   

16.
A stable recombinant fowl poxvirus (rFPV) expressing the C-terminal region (119 amino acids) of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain Ch3 was constructed by inserting the coding sequence within the thymidine kinase gene of fowl poxvirus (FPV) by homologous recombination. The N protein was expressed under control of the vaccinia virus promoter P7.5 in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures as seen in immunofluorescence assay and in rFPV-inoculated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens by detecting antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A homologous IBV strain (Ch3) and two heterologous IBV strains (Ch5 and H4) were used to inoculate SPF chickens in a challenge to examine the protective efficacy of the rFPV. When the chickens were challenged with IBV Ch3 or Ch5, the control birds had respiratory signs of infections bronchitis, whereas all the vaccinated birds were clinically normal although low levels of the IBV infection were detected by a differential ELISA. In contrast, in the chickens challenged with IBV H4, all control birds and vaccinated birds suffered from the highly lethal IBV H4 infection. Our results suggest that the C-terminal 119 amino acid of the nucleocapsid expressed by FPV is a host-protective antigen and may induce cross-protective immunity against illness among some IBV strains.  相似文献   

17.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens, which occurs world-wide, and is responsible for severe losses in poultry industries. In birds surviving an acute infection, lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius are destroyed, resulting in B-cell-dependent immunodeficiency. This causes increased susceptibility to diseases by otherwise harmless agents. The decisive role in the pathogenesis of IBD is played by the bursa, representing the target organ of the aetiological agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). By adaptation of IBDV to chicken embryo cells, we obtained several variants of a pathogenic wild type strain. These variants had altered abilities for replication in actively dividing B lymphocytes and, consequently, had altered pathogenic properties. An IBDV isolate from turkeys, non-pathogenic for chickens, was used to create reassortant virus strains. The virological and the biological characterization of these IBDV variants is reported.  相似文献   

18.
Two field strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus were tested in specific pathogen-free chickens for interferon induction, growth and stimulation of virus-neutralizing antibody. Both strains induced interferon in lungs and trachea and neither strain induced it in kidneys. Strain Kagoshima-34, isolated from the kidneys of a chicken that had died of nephrosis/nephritis, induced interferon earlier than Strain Tottori-2, which was isolated from the trachea of a chicken with respiratory disease. Virus growth was generally more prolonged with Kagoshima-34, especially in the kidneys, but Tottori-2 persisted longer in the lungs.  相似文献   

19.
从山东省发病鸡群中分离鉴定了一株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV）强毒株SDIB821/2012,对其进行S1基因序列测定分析和免疫保护试验。S1基因遗传进化分析结果显示,SDIB821/2012属于以QXIBV为代表的基因型,与同属一个基因型的IBV参考株氨基酸同源性为91.6%～98.5%,与疫苗株491同源性为77.6%,与H120和MA5同源性均为74.8%。免疫保护试验结果显示,根据试验鸡临床症状和发病死亡情况,弱毒活疫苗491对SDIB821/2012的保护率为90%,而H120和MA5对SDIB821/2012的保护率分别仅为40%和33%。攻毒后各免疫组喉头、泄殖腔棉拭样品以及气管、肺脏和肾脏组织均可检测到病毒,表明3种IB疫苗均不能对SDIB821/2012提供完全的免疫保护。  相似文献   

20.
通过病毒形态学观察、血凝试验、病毒干扰实验、动物回归实验等分离鉴定了1株鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒.利用RT-PCR技术对分离毒株的N基因进行了扩增,经克隆、序列测定和分析,证实分离株为肾型IBV.  相似文献   

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