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1.
栽培种源朱砂根播种育苗及其影响因子的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
比较了播种时期、播种方式和外源激素浸种处理对栽培种源朱砂根幼苗生长、发育和品质的影响.结果表明:朱砂根在2月底至3月下旬期间播种,出苗率高,幼苗胚根粗,胚根长;不同播种方式中,叶龄、茎长、主根长、全株干重、根冠比各项指标排序依次为地播苗＞营养袋苗＞穴盘苗;NAA浸种能促进朱砂根幼苗茎及主根的生长,适当浓度的GA3浸种对增进叶龄有效,其中,10ng/L NAA、20 mg/L NAA、50mg/L GA3浸种效果最好;而IBA浸种不促进幼苗生长. 相似文献
2.
以1年生福建山樱花和日本樱花实生苗为试材,设置对照(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(LS)、中度干旱胁迫(MS)、重度干旱胁迫(HS)4种处理,探究干旱胁迫对福建山樱花和日本樱花幼苗内源激素的影响。结果表明:2个树种在LS处理下,GA3(赤霉素)和IAA(生长素)的含量均高于对照,ABA(脱落酸)的含量和对照无显著差异。在MS和HS处理下,GA3和IAA含量呈现明显降低趋势,ABA、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA的含量呈现明显的增加趋势。随着干旱胁迫处理时间的延长,在LS处理下,GA3、IAA和ABA的含量无显著变化,而MS和HS处理中,GA3和IAA含量呈现出下降趋势,ABA含量、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA呈增加的趋势。随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,福建山樱花ABA、GA3、IAA、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA的含量均要低于日本樱花,这表明日本樱花比福建山樱花可能存在着更强的通过调节自身的激素水平来应对外界干旱胁迫的能力,这可能正是日本樱花比福建山樱花更加抗旱的生理机制之一。 相似文献
3.
外源IBA对裸花紫珠扦插生根和内源激素含量变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以药用植物裸花紫珠(Callicarpa nudiflora)1年生半木质化枝条为材料,采用吲哚丁酸(IBA)5个浓度(0、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500 mg/L)处理。每隔6 d从1 500 mg/L IBA浓度与对照处理插穗的基部取样1次,测定在生根过程中内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素核苷(ZR)含量的变化。扦插80 d后,采用隶属函数法综合评价生根效果。结果表明:不同IBA浓度处理对插穗生根影响差异显著。与对照相比,IBA处理不同程度地提高了插穗的生根率、平均生根数、最长根长和平均根长,降低了偏根率。其中,以1 500 mg/L IBA处理生根效果最好,其生根率、根体积最大,综合评价指数最高。在裸花紫珠插穗根原基诱导和愈伤组织形成阶段,1 500 mg/L IBA处理可提高插穗基部IAA和GA3含量,降低ABA和ZR含量,IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值迅速升高。在不定根形成、发生及生长发育阶段,IAA含量下降,IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值逐渐降低。较低的内源ABA、ZR含量和较高的IAA、GA3含量及IAA/ABA、IAA/ZR比值,有利于裸花紫珠插穗半木质化插穗不定根的形成和发育。 相似文献
4.
为了阐明不同抗旱类型小麦在水分胁迫条件下内源激素的变化规律,在防雨棚内的盆栽条件下,以两个不同抗旱类型的冬小麦品种为材料,采用干旱(V1,田间持水量SRWC=40%～45%)、干湿交替(V2,SRWC=40%～45%或80%～85%)和湿润(V3,SRWC=80%～85%)三种不同的水分处理,用ELISA方法测定了小麦在灌浆初期不同部位ABA、IAA、GA1 3、ZR等内源激素的含量.结果表明,在干旱条件下,旱地品种A115叶片ABA含量明显较高,但水地品种石4185根系和穗部ABA含量明显较高,水地和旱地品种对ABA反应部位明显不同;两品种IAA、ZR含量在根部和穗部有显著增加,且IAA和ZR含量增加的比例显著高于ABA.在干湿交替条件下,IAA、GA1 3和ZR含量增加,ABA含量降低.高秆旱地品种在茎秆和叶片中GA1 3的超补偿效应使株高和生物学产量明显增加.而矮秆水地品种石4185在各部位较高的GA1 3含量和积累,尤其是穗部较高的ZR含量显著提高了经济学产量.无论旱地品种A115还是水地品种石4185,在干旱条件下穗部的IAA含量都极显著高于干湿交替处理和湿润处理,说明水分胁迫使两种不同类型的品种穗部IAA含量都增加,而并非降低.在不同的水分条件下,旱地品种对IAA和GA1 3的反应要大于水地品种,而水地品种对ABA和ZR的响应要显著大于旱地品种.由此可见,在干旱条件下,促进细胞延长生长的IAA和促进细胞分裂的ZR和GA1 3对小麦生长发育起主要作用,根部产生大量的1AA促进根系下扎,吸收深层水分而缓解缺水压力.特别是穗部IAA、ZR和GA1 3的积累,有利于光合产物向籽粒的运转.说明促进生长的生长素类激素对抗旱和水分高效利用起着重要作用. 相似文献
5.
研究了不同浓度赤霉素（GA3）和吲哚乙酸（IAA）对丸粒化披碱草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,50mg/LGA3和100mg/LIAA对丸粒化披碱草种子萌发、株高、生物量均表现为促进作用,并且GA3对丸粒化披碱草种子发芽率的促进作用较IAA明显,而IAA对丸粒化披碱草幼苗株高、生物量的促进作用较GA3明显。当GA3浓度大于50mg/L时,对丸粒化披碱草种子萌发表现出抑制作用,而IAA各浓度均未对种子萌发表现出抑制作用。GA3和IAA处理对丸粒化披碱草幼苗根冠比均表现为抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
耕作方式对冬小麦内源激素含量及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨耕作方式对冬小麦不同生育时期内源激素含量及产量的影响,在大田条件下,设3种耕作方式(耕翻+镇压,旋耕+镇压和旋耕),在小麦各生育时期定期取样,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分离、测定小麦5种植物内源激素的含量,并测定各处理小麦的产量及其构成因素。结果表明,在小麦越冬至抽穗期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量较高;在抽穗灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、GA3、ZT含量最高,进入灌浆期,耕翻+镇压处理下小麦叶片及根的IAA、SA、GA3、ZT含量下降缓慢,且ABA含量较低。耕翻+镇压处理下的小麦产量较旋耕+镇压及旋耕处理分别提高了3.74%和9.41%,且与旋耕处理的差异达到极显著水平。因此,3种耕作方式处理下,耕翻+镇压有利于提高小麦促生长类激素含量,降低小麦促衰老类激素含量,增加小麦有效穗数,促进籽粒灌浆,提高小麦千粒重,有利于实现小麦的高产优质。 相似文献
7.
应用高效液相色谱法测定了甜菜生长发育期内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)在甜菜根尖和幼叶中的含量，分析了这些内源激素含量对甜菜生长发育的影响。试验结果表明：在甜菜生长发育过程中，根尖和幼叶，均是GA3的含量高于IAA和ABA。幼叶与幼根中IAA比值为11-29，表明甜菜IAA源于幼叶中，IAA含量提高，可促进叶丛快速生长。在糖分积累期，新叶继生时IAA含量迅速提高。随生育进程，幼根中GA3与幼叶中IAA的比值逐渐下降，与叶丛生长速度比较，表现了同步下降的关系。ABA主要存在于幼叶中，是幼根的1．6～17．4倍，随生育进程，幼根中ABA变化较小，有逐步下降趋势，而幼苗中ABA含量在生育后期明显升高。 相似文献
8.
采用水培试验的方法,探讨了不同营养元素对剑麻生长发育和内源激素的影响。研究结果表明,在所测定的4种内源激素中,GA3、IAA、ABA和ZT含量在剑麻幼苗生长发育过程中变化较大,GA3平均占4种内源激素总量的50%左右;Ca营养有利于剑麻叶片GA3的生成,从而促进剑麻生长。 相似文献
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10.
在对威廉斯香蕉矮化突变体8188-1(Musa spp.AAA group)形态特征观测的基础上,测定突变体8818-1及其野生型8818各器官GAs(包括总GA、GA1、GA3、GA4)、IAA、BR(brassinosteroid,油菜素内酯)、ABA、细胞分裂素异戊烯基腺嘌呤含量,再用不同浓度的IAA、GA3、24-表油菜素内酯(24-Epibrassinolide,24-e BL)对植株进行外源喷施处理,探讨植物激素调控对其矮化形成的影响。结果显示:除叶片外,8818-1各器官的总GA和IAA含量均低于8818,而两者间BR、ABA、CTK的含量无明显差异;8818-1幼假茎中的GA1和GA3含量均低于8818,差异显著;外源的GA3、IAA均能使8818-1株高恢复到野生型水平,GA3作用最明显,而外源24-e BL无法恢复其株高。推测8818-1矮化的可能与植株的GA和IAA含量降低有关,其中与活性赤霉素含量降低关系最为密切。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献