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本研究对5个木薯品种进行核型分析以揭示其核型特征,通过聚类分析来自4个产地的5个品种间的相似性,以探讨其亲缘关系。实验采用压片法,以木薯嫩叶为材料,运用DPS软件对核型资料按照最长距离法进行聚类分析。结果表明,木薯5个品种的染色体数目均为2n=36,其中,SC12的核型公式为2n=36=34m+2sm,SM2300-1的核型公式为2n=36=36m(4SAT)、桂热5号的核型公式为2n=36=36m,云南8号与ZM8752的核型公式均为2n=36=34m(4SAT)+2sm。核型不对称系数范围在56.58～58.85之间,核型类型依次为1A、1B、1B、2A、1A,对称程度较高。聚类结果显示,在遗传距离为0.4时,5个品种分为3类。第Ⅰ类为云南8号,第Ⅱ类包括ZM8752与SM2300-1,第Ⅲ类包括SC12和桂热5号,5个品种存在一定的核型差异,说明具有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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运用去壁低渗火焰干燥法制备大麦和玉米染色体片,然后对玉米、大麦的染色体核型进行研究.结果表明:该法使细胞质残留较少和染色体更分散,为细胞学研究提供清晰度高的染色体制片;通过核型分析得到,大麦根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=14,核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m(2SAT)+2sm(2SAT),玉米根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=20,其核型公式为2n=20=12m+8sm(2eats). 相似文献
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中国山茶属4种植物核型的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用去壁低渗法对山茶属4种茶组植物进行了核型分析,根据Levan的命名系统,各个种的核型简式为大苞茶2n=30=24m 6sm,大厂茶盘2n=30=22m 8sm,老黑茶2n=30=20m 6sm 4st(1 SAT),高树茶2n=30=20m 10sm。它们约核型都为Stebbins核型分类的2A型核型。其中大厂茶、老黑茶和高树茶的核型与高树茶的染色体数目为首次报道。本文还讨论了这几种植物之间核型的进化趋势。 相似文献
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对小葱一个种群的38个个体进行染色体计数和核型分析。共发现5种核型,除核型具有多态性外,笔者还发现非整倍体和B染色体。在这一种群中,3个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=12m+2sm+2st(2SAT),17个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=14m+2st(2SAT),7个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=12m+2sm+2st+1B,5个个体的染色体组型是2n=13m+2st(2SAT),6个个体的染色体组型是2n=10m+2m(2SAT)+2sm+1st。并对小葱染色体多态性的成因进行讨论。 相似文献
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2个辣椒栽培种的核型分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了一年生辣椒与中国辣椒各3个品种(系)的染色体核型.结果表明,3个一年生辣椒品种"05Ca58M"、"05Ca60M"和"5860"的核型分类均为"2A"型,染色体数目均为2n=24.但它们的核型公式不同,"05Ca58M"的核型公式为22 m 2 sm,"05Ca60M"的核型公式为20 m 4 sm,而"5860"的核型公式为20 m 2 sm 2 st.3个中国辣椒品种(品系)的核型分类也都为"2A"型,染色体数目均为2n=24.它们的核型公式也各不相同:03YB03为22 m 2 st; 05YBll为20 m 4 sm;03YB03×05YBll为22 m 2sm. 相似文献
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甘蔗与斑茅割手密复合体(GXAS07-6-1)杂交后代的染色体遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究的目的是明确甘蔗与斑割(斑茅割手密)复合体杂交后代F_1材料的染色体核型构成和遗传行为,为有效利用甘蔗野生种质提供细胞遗传学的理论依据。采用甘蔗根尖细胞酶解去壁低渗法分别对3个不同甘蔗品种(系)与斑割复合体GXAS07-6-1的杂交后代进行染色体数目鉴定和核型分析。结果表明:各亲本和后代材料染色体数目在不同细胞中不恒定,染色体变幅为6~11条。粤糖93-159与GXAS07-6-1的F1材料GXASF108-1-1染色体核型公式为2n=94=91 m+3 sm;桂糖01-53与GXAS07-6-1的F_1材料GXASF108-2-28染色体核型公式为2n=98=88 m+10 sm(1SAT);桂糖02-761与GXAS07-6-1的F_1材料GXASF108-3-7染色体核型公式为2n=92=87m+5 sm;3个F1材料的核型均为2B型。推断甘蔗与斑割复合体杂交亲子间的染色体基本按"n+n"方式传递,同时可能存在部分染色体加倍现象,它们的杂种F_1核型均为较原始的染色体2B类型。 相似文献
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云南昌宁大叶茶和腾冲大叶茶的染色体数目都是2n=30。15对同源染色体中,有11对m型染色体和4对sm型染色体,没有发现具随体的染色体。根据Levan等的分类体制鉴定,这2个品种的核型为2n=22m 8sm,属于Stebbirs核型分类的1A型。 相似文献
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采用染色体压片技术对鹤蕉属植物8个品种的染色体数和核型进行研究。结果表明,8个品种的染色体数目均为24条,各品种的核型分别为:多毛鹤蕉2n=2x=24=24m,凯西鹤蕉2n=2x=24=10m+14sm,光辉鹤蕉2n=2x=24=10m+14sm,火鸟鹤蕉2n=2x=24=12m+12sm,艳红鹤蕉2n=2x=24=16m+8sm,佩德罗鹤蕉2n=2x=24=10m+14sm,绿嘴垂鸟鹤蕉2n=2x=24=10m+14sm,札昆利鹤蕉2n=2x=24=2m+22sm;多毛鹤蕉、凯西鹤蕉和火鸟鹤蕉的核型类型为"1B"型,其他5个品种为"2B"型。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD600值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。 相似文献
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2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编... 相似文献