共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Thomas L Hayashi M Jiang X Moriya R Rettner C Parkin S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1553-1556
The current-induced motion of magnetic domain walls confined to nanostructures is of interest for applications in magnetoelectronic devices in which the domain wall serves as the logic gate or memory element. The injection of spin-polarized current below a threshold value through a domain wall confined to a pinning potential results in its precessional motion within the potential well. We show that by using a short train of current pulses, whose length and spacing are tuned to this precession frequency, the domain wall's oscillations can be resonantly amplified. This makes possible the motion of domain walls with much reduced currents, more than five times smaller than in the absence of resonant amplification. 相似文献
2.
The motion of magnetic domain walls induced by spin-polarized current has considerable potential for use in magnetic memory and logic devices. Key to the success of these devices is the precise positioning of individual domain walls along magnetic nanowires, using current pulses. We show that domain walls move surprisingly long distances of several micrometers and relax over several tens of nanoseconds, under their own inertia, when the current stimulus is removed. We also show that the net distance traveled by the domain wall is exactly proportional to the current pulse length because of the lag derived from its acceleration at the onset of the pulse. Thus, independent of its inertia, a domain wall can be accurately positioned using properly timed current pulses. 相似文献
3.
All computers process information electronically. A processing method based on magnetism is reported here, in which networks of interacting submicrometer magnetic dots are used to perform logic operations and propagate information at room temperature. The logic states are signaled by the magnetization direction of the single-domain magnetic dots; the dots couple to their nearest neighbors through magnetostatic interactions. Magnetic solitons carry information through the networks, and an applied oscillating magnetic field feeds energy into the system and serves as a clock. These networks offer a several thousandfold increase in integration density and a hundredfold reduction in power dissipation over current microelectronic technology. 相似文献
4.
Acremann Y Back CH Buess M Portmann O Vaterlaus A Pescia D Melchior H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5491):492-495
We report on imaging of three-dimensional precessional orbits of the magnetization vector in a magnetic field by means of a time-resolved vectorial Kerr experiment that measures all three components of the magnetization vector with picosecond resolution. Images of the precessional mode taken with submicrometer spatial resolution reveal that the dynamical excitation in this time regime roughly mirrors the symmetry of the underlying equilibrium spin configuration and that its propagation has a non-wavelike character. These results should form the basis for realistic models of the magnetization dynamics in a largely unexplored but technologically increasingly relevant time scale. 相似文献
5.
Current-controlled magnetic domain-wall nanowire shift register 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The controlled motion of a series of domain walls along magnetic nanowires using spin-polarized current pulses is the essential ingredient of the proposed magnetic racetrack memory, a new class of potential non-volatile storage-class memories. Using permalloy nanowires, we achieved the successive creation, motion, and detection of domain walls by using sequences of properly timed, nanosecond-long, spin-polarized current pulses. The cycle time for the writing and shifting of the domain walls was a few tens of nanoseconds. Our results illustrate the basic concept of a magnetic shift register that relies on the phenomenon of spin-momentum transfer to move series of closely spaced domain walls. 相似文献
6.
C Stamm F Marty A Vaterlaus V Weich S Egger U Maier U Ramsperger H Fuhrmann D Pescia 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5388):449-452
Single two-dimensional (2D) atomically thick magnetic particles of cobalt and iron with variable size and shape were fabricated by combining a mask technique with standard molecular beam epitaxy. Reduction of the lateral size of in-plane magnetized 2D cobalt films down to about 100 nanometers did not essentially modify their magnetic properties; although the separation of boundaries decreased greatly, neither domain penetrated the particle, nor was any sizable shape anisotropy observed. The mutual interaction of 2D cobalt particles was negligible, and the magnetic state of a single particle could be switched without modifying the state of the neighbors. Perpendicularly magnetized iron particles did not exhibit such responses. These results suggest that only a few atoms forming a 2D in-plane magnetized dot may provide a stable elementary bit for nanorecording. 相似文献
7.
Allwood DA Xiong G Cooke MD Faulkner CC Atkinson D Vernier N Cowburn RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5575):2003-2006
An all-metallic submicrometer device is demonstrated experimentally at room temperature that performs logical NOT operations on magnetic logic signals. When this two-terminal ferromagnetic structure is incorporated into a magnetic feedback loop, the junction performs a frequency division operation on an applied oscillating magnetic field. Up to 11 of these junctions are then directly linked together to create a magnetic shift register. 相似文献
8.
Slow temporal variations in Earth's magnetic field originate in the liquid outer core. We analyzed the evolution of nonaxisymmetric magnetic flux at the core surface over the past 400 years. We found that the most robust feature is westward motion at 17 kilometers per year, in a belt concentrated around the equator beneath the Atlantic hemisphere. Surprisingly, this motion is dominated by a single wavenumber and persists throughout the observation period. This phenomenon could be produced by an equatorial jet of core fluid, by hydromagnetic wave propagation, or by a combination of both. Discrimination between these mechanisms would provide useful constraints on the dynamics of Earth's core. 相似文献
9.
Wiesendanger R Shvets IV Bürgler D Tarrach G Güntherodt HJ Coey JM Gräser S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,255(5044):583-586
The topographic and magnetic surface structure of a natural single crystal of magnetite (Fe(3)0(4)), a common mineral, has been studied from the submicrometer scale down to the atomic scale with a scanning tunneling microscope having nonmagnetic tungsten as well as ferromagnetic iron probe tips. Several different (001) crystal planes were imaged to atomic resolution with both kinds of tips. A selective imaging of the octahedrally coordinated Fe B-sites in the Fe-O planes, and even a selective imaging of the different magnetic ions Fe(2+) and Fe(3+), has been achieved, demonstrating for the first time that magnetic imaging can be realized at the atomic level. 相似文献
10.
Crook R Prance J Thomas KJ Chorley SJ Farrer I Ritchie DA Pepper M Smith CG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1359-1362
We present data from an induced gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum wire that exhibits an additional conductance plateau at 0.5(2e2/h), where e is the charge of an electron and h is Planck's constant, in zero magnetic field. The plateau was most pronounced when the potential landscape was tuned to be symmetric by using low-temperature scanning-probe techniques. Source-drain energy spectroscopy and temperature response support the hypothesis that the origin of the plateau is the spontaneous spin-polarization of the transport electrons: a ferromagnetic phase. Such devices may have applications in the field of spintronics to either generate or detect a spin-polarized current without the complications associated with external magnetic fields or magnetic materials. 相似文献
11.
Measurements of the particle size distribution at the outlets of six coal-fired utility boilers showed a peak at a particle diameter near 0.1 micrometer. This submicrometer mode appears to be a general feature of coal combustion that results from a volatilization-condensation process in the boiler. At the boilers tested, the submicrometer mode contained 0.2 to 2.2 percent of the total fly ash mass. The importance of this mode is greater than its small quantity suggests because particles in the submicrometer size range are often much more difficult to collect with conventional particulate control devices than larger particles. Thus, the submicrometer mode may significantly influence the design and selection of future power plant emission controls. The particle mass in the submicrometer mode was correlated with the nitric oxide concentration in the flue gas. This correlation suggests that control of nitric oxide by modification of the combustion conditions may reduce the generation and emission of submicrometer particles. 相似文献
12.
分析和测试了超磁致伸缩材料剩磁效应对动态磁机特性以及磁场传感特性的影响,提出了一种具有自偏置功能的SmFe_2/PZT多铁异质结构。利用负超磁致伸缩材料SmFe_2兼有明显铁磁性和磁致伸缩性双重特型,在材料磁滞和剩磁的作用下其压磁系数、杨氏模量及品质因数等反映动态磁机特性的参数都表现出滞回特性,并从微磁学180°畴璧能量的角度分析了各个参数滞回特性产生的根源。研究结果表明,仅依靠材料剩磁的作用下,SmFe_2/PZT异质结构在反谐振频率点120 kHz和非反谐振频率点1 kHz的灵敏度分别为0.86 V·Oe~(-1)和1.2 mV·Oe~(-1),且磁电电压输出与施加激励电流之间呈近似线性变化关系,具有较好的线性度。所提出的SmFe_2/PZT多铁异质结构摆脱了传统磁电传感器对外加永磁体作为偏置磁场的束缚,减小了封装磁传感器件的体积,有利于实现器件的微型化,并具有制作简单、成本低以及灵敏度高等优点。 相似文献
13.
We observed negative Coulomb drag for parallel coupled quantum wires, in which electrons flow in the opposite directions between the wires. This only occurred under the conditions of strong correlation in the wires, that is, low density, high magnetic field, and low temperature, and cannot be addressed by a standard theory of momentum transfer. We propose a Coulomb drag model in which formation of a Wigner crystal state in the drag wire and a particle-like state in the drive wire is taken into account. 相似文献
14.
Most materials freeze when cooled to sufficiently low temperature. We find that magnetic dipoles randomly distributed in a solid matrix condense into a spin liquid with spectral properties on cooling that are the diametric opposite of those for conventional glasses. Measurements of the nonlinear magnetic dynamics in the low-temperature liquid reveal the presence of coherent spin oscillations composed of hundreds of spins with lifetimes of up to 10 seconds. These excitations can be labeled by frequency and manipulated by the magnetic fields from a loop of wire and can permit the encoding of information at multiple frequencies simultaneously. 相似文献
15.
Many animals rely on Earth's magnetic field for spatial orientation and navigation. However, how the brain receives and interprets magnetic field information is unknown. Support for the existence of magnetic receptors in the vertebrate retina, beak, nose, and inner ear has been proposed, and immediate gene expression markers have identified several brain regions activated by magnetic stimulation, but the central neural mechanisms underlying magnetoreception remain unknown. Here we describe neuronal responses in the pigeon's brainstem that show how single cells encode magnetic field direction, intensity, and polarity; qualities that are necessary to derive an internal model representing directional heading and geosurface location. Our findings demonstrate that there is a neural substrate for a vertebrate magnetic sense. 相似文献
16.
实现以RFID卡仿真磁卡的模块设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沈文龙 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,36(4):435-439
设计一种能从射频识别(RFID)卡读取数据,而后又仿真磁卡格式输出的模块,借助这种模块,能在不改变原有应用系统的基础上,将系统的磁卡替换为RFID卡.本文介绍的模块选择H4001作为替代磁卡的RFID卡,模块本身则主要由天线、非接触式射频卡读写基站芯片U2270B和单片机AT89C2051构成.在介绍应用电路的同时,分析了RFID卡、磁卡的相关编码格式,提出实现RFID卡信息读取、磁卡仿真输出的方法和步骤,并给出了相应的程序流程图. 相似文献
17.
Lapointe C Hultgren A Silevitch DM Felton EJ Reich DH Leheny RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5658):652-655
Anisotropic particles suspended in a nematic liquid crystal disturb the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules and experience small forces that depend on the particles' orientation. We have measured these forces using magnetic nanowires. The torque on a wire and its orientation-dependent repulsion from a flat surface are quantitatively consistent with theoretical predictions based on the elastic properties of the liquid crystal. These forces can also be used to manipulate submicrometer-scale particles. We show that controlled spatial variations in the liquid crystal's alignment convert the torque on a wire to a translational force that levitates the wire to a specified height. 相似文献
18.
V Madhavan W Chen T Jamneala MF Crommie NS Wingreen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5363):567-569
The Kondo effect arises from the quantum mechanical interplay between the electrons of a host metal and a magnetic impurity and is predicted to result in local charge and spin variations around the magnetic impurity. A cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope was used to spatially resolve the electronic properties of individual magnetic atoms displaying the Kondo effect. Spectroscopic measurements performed on individual cobalt atoms on the surface of gold show an energetically narrow feature that is identified as the Kondo resonance-the predicted response of a Kondo impurity. Unexpected structure in the Kondo resonance is shown to arise from quantum mechanical interference between the d orbital and conduction electron channels for an electron tunneling into a magnetic atom in a metallic host. 相似文献
19.
Rosensweig RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,204(4388):57-60
Fluidization of magnetizable particles by a gas stream in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic field oriented parallel to the flow prevents the hydrodynamic instability that otherwise leads to bubbles and turbulent motion within the medium. The fluidized emulsion expands uniformly in response to gas flow speeds in excess of that at the incipient fluidization point, with transition from the quiescent stable state to bubbling occurring suddenly at a characteristic increased rate of flow. Experimental data demonstrate the dependence of this transition velocity on the intensity of the applied magnetic field, length of the bed, and type of magnetic solids. Data illustrate the pressure distribution through the bed medium, the bedflow characteristics, and other phenomena. 相似文献
20.
The process of osmoregulation in a unicellular blue-green alga, Synechococcus sp., has been studied by natural-abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intact cells and cell extracts. 2-O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosylglycerol was identified as the major organic osmoregulatory solute. This demonstrates the presence of a major osmoregulatory solute in a blue-green alga and is also an example of an osmoregulatory role for glucosylglycerol. 相似文献