共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
太行山地区侧柏人工林主要养分元素分配及循环特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林养分循环特征,以太行山丘陵区侧柏人工林为研究对象,采用样地标准木收获法,对其生物量和养分循环进行了研究.结果表明:(1)侧柏人工林(26 a)生物量约45.55t/hm2,林分净生产力为2.07 t/hm2;生物量分配排序为;树干树根树皮树枝树叶.(2)林分营养元素积累量为455.23 kg/hm2,积累量的排序为:CaNP.(3)灌草植被层营养元素积累量顺序为:CaNP,灌草层3种元素总贮量仅占乔木层的5.5%.(4)凋落物营养元素年归还量为337.12 kg/hm2,3种营养元素归还量排序为:CaNP,Ca的年归还量最高,为271.66 kg/hm2,分别是N和P的4.42倍和69.12倍.(5)年吸收量、年存留量、养分年归还量和富集系数排序均为CaNP;吸收系数排序为CaNP;利用系数、循环系数排序是NCaP,侧柏对N的利用系数最大;Ca的富集能力最强.分别是N,P的1.9和2.8倍.侧柏的N周转时间最短(1.22 a),P周转时间最长(3.63 a),Ca周转时间居中(1.43 a). 相似文献
2.
天津滨海生态防护圈植物群落盐分积累与分配规律研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对天津滨海生态防护圈 4种植物群落盐分离子积累和分配规律研究表明 ,除未计叶片与枯落物外 ,K、Na、Ca、Mg和Cl 5种元素年均积累量草本群落 (343.89kg/hm2 ) >乔灌草群落 (5 9.79kg/hm2 ) >灌木群落(5 5 .4 6kg/hm2 ) >灌草群落 (18.87kg/hm2 )。各植物群落土壤主要盐分离子Na和Cl年积累量有较大差异 ,海滨滩涂草本群落Na、Cl分别为 6 0 .2 2kg/hm2 和 2 18.35kg/hm2 ,灌草群落为 2 .0 4kg/hm2 和 5 .775kg/hm2 ;改良土壤的乔灌草群落为 2 .385kg/hm2 和 11.76kg/hm2 ,灌木群落为 3.95kg/hm2 和 16 .74kg/hm2 。植物各器官盐分积累乔木以根系积累为主 ,灌木枝条积累量略大于根。复层结构群落盐分离子积累呈现极强的层次性 ,乔灌草群落各层次 5种盐分离子积累量占总量百分比为乔木层 >灌木层 >草本层 ;而灌草群落则为灌木层 >草本层。 相似文献
3.
对湖南汨罗桤木人工林5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的季节动态、空间分布及生物循环进行研究。结果表明:桤木叶片营养元素含量均为春季最高,干材养分含量偏低,且大部分元素在春季达最低点,所以建议桤木干材在春季采伐;树皮有大量Ca富集,根系中营养元素季节变化不明显。林下植被元素含量从春季到冬季有下降的趋势,枯落物、土壤层中元素含量季节变化趋势不明显,K元素各个土层各个季节含量变化都不是很大。桤木人工林生态系统各组分养分含量变化差异较大,以树叶中养分含量最高,30-60cm土壤层中含量最低;乔木层各器官排序为树叶>树皮>树枝>树根>树干,各器官中养分元素含量以N最高,P最低。桤木人工林生态系统养分总贮量为167 809.80kg/hm2,其中乔木层5种元素总量为754.77kg/hm2,占生态系统养分总贮量的0.45%,林下植被与枯落物层二者的养分积累量为254.04kg/hm2,占生态系统养分总贮量的0.15%。营养元素的年积累量为350.18kg/hm2,以N的积累量最大。桤木年吸收量、归还量、存留量分别为449.38,348.23,101.15kg/hm2。营养元素的循环系数为0.77,利用系数为0.60,周转期为2.17年,循环速率依次为N>Ca>Mg>K>P。 相似文献
4.
田林老山中山杉木人工林生产力及营养元素循环的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
林卫江 《广西农业生物科学》1991,(4)
广西田林县老山林场中山区气候冷凉潮湿,土壤肥力较高,能满足杉木速生要求。17年生杉木人工林乔木层的生物量达138.46t/ha,平均净生产量为8.15t/ha·a,与杉木中心产区相当。乔木层对N,P,K,Ca,Mg5种营养元素的吸收量为224.04kg/ha·a,其中42.3％存留在林木层,42.5％通过凋落物,15.2％通过降雨淋洗归还土壤。通过凋落物归还是N,P,Ca,Mg归还的主要途径,K的归还主要通过降雨淋洗;K,Ca,Mg的循环系数较大,分别达到0.58,0.68和0.60;N,P相对较小,分别为0.48和0.33。林木正处于生长旺盛阶段,杉木对5种营养元素的吸收量、存留量和归还量以及循环系数都有较高水平,生物量积累也较大。 相似文献
5.
太行山低山区枯落物分解及主要营养元素变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
应用分解袋法研究了太行山低山区枯落物的分解及主要营养元素的动态变化。结果表明,不同植被类型的枯落物分解损失率差异明显,表现为:刺槐林薄皮木灌草荆条灌草草丛;损失率变化趋势与温度和降雨量变化一致。分解过程中,K,Mn,N元素发生净释放;Na元素有净积累;Ca元素先释放后积累;Zn,P与Ca恰好相反,元素先积累后释放。分解1a后,枯落物各元素总体释放率的大小顺序为:KNMgPMnZnNaCa。太行山各种植被枯落物分解1a来元素归还量都以K量最高,Ca量为负值,各元素总归还量大小依次为:KPMgMnNZnNaCa。太行山22a土壤养分变化,与枯落物归还量大体吻合。 相似文献
6.
为定量分析植被恢复进程的变化特征,以太行山丘陵区的栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,在样方调查的基础上,对其各器官N、P、Ca 3种营养元素的含量、积累、分配和养分循环变化情况进行研究。结果表明：1）不同植物器官中,营养元素含量差异明显;各龄级中,营养元素含量最多的器官是树叶,树干含量最低;营养元素含量的排序为Ca〉N〉P。2）林地土壤有机质、N和P含量随龄级增加呈明显增长趋势,植被恢复能明显加快土壤肥力的提高。3）20-40 a栓皮栎人工林营养元素积累量为2764.58-3689.38 kg/hm^2,年存留量为89.88-138.17 kg/（hm^2·a）,归还量为229.80-262.06 kg/（hm^2·a）。随龄级增加,营养元素储存总量随之升高,而存留量反而降低;吸收量和归还量呈现先升高后降低的趋势;不同营养元素的储存量、吸收量、归还量和存留量的大小排列次序均为Ca〉N〉P。4）循环系数和周转时间随龄级增加而升高,利用系数则呈现下降趋势;各元素之间Ca的周转时间最长（12.73-16.19a）,利用系数最小。 相似文献
7.
厚荚相思人工林营养元素生物循环的研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
对1.5～4.5年生厚荚相思人工林5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)的含量、积累、分配和生物循环以及它们随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明,厚荚相思人工林不同器官中营养元素含量排序大致为树叶＞于皮＞树枝＞树根＞干材,林木各器官中营养元素含量均以N最高,其次是Ca,然后是K和Mg,P最低;厚莫相思人工林营养元素贮存量依次为145.00～611.70 kg/hm2,随生长过程中生物量的增加而增大;不同器官微量元素贮存量的分配随林分年龄的增长发生变化,1.5年生时营养元素贮量主要集中在树叶和树枝,2.5～4.5年生时营养元素贮量则主要集中在树干和树根;林分营养元素年净积累量为96.66～135.93 kg/(hm2·a),林木各组分营养元素年净积累量总的变化趋势以树干最高,树皮最低,年吸收量为116.50～258.10 kg/(hm2·a),年归还量分剐为19.83,117.21,114.83,122.17 kg/(hm2·a),利用系数分别为0.80,0.78,0.55和0.42,循环系数分别为0.17,0.49,0.48和0.47,周转期分别为7.34,2.64,3.73,5.01年. 相似文献
8.
为了解刺槐人工林养分循环特征,以太行山丘陵区刺槐人工林为研究对象,采用样地标准木收获法,对其生物量和养分循环进行研究。结果表明：1）刺槐林乔木层总生物量为39.87 t/hm^2,各器官生物量排序为树干〉树根〉树皮〉树枝〉树叶,树干所占生物量比例最大,叶生物量最小。2）3种元素在各器官中含量表现出较大差异,在树干、树根和树皮中的含量大小排序是N〉Ca〉P,枝、叶中含量排序为Ca〉N〉P。3）各器官营养元素积累量、年存留量分配关系为树干〉树叶〉树枝〉树根〉树皮,林分3种营养元素积累量为633.20 kg/hm^2,积累量和年存留量大小排序为Ca〉N〉P,Ca积累量最多（368.36 kg/hm^2）,P最少（18.19 kg/hm^2）,N居中（276.65 kg/hm^2）。4）凋落物营养元素年归还量为286.52 kg/hm^2,3种营养元素年归还量大小排序为Ca〉N〉P,Ca最高（196.48 kg/hm^2）,分别是N和P的2.31倍和40.26倍。5）刺槐人工林吸收系数排序为N〉P〉Ca,富集系数为N〉P〉Ca,刺槐对N吸收系数、富集系数均高于P、Ca,利用系数、循环系数排序是Ca〉N〉P,Ca周转时间最短（1.87 a）,P最长（3.73 a）,N居中（3.25 a）。 相似文献
9.
《农业研究与应用》2017,(4)
采用标准样地法对广西天峨县12年生光皮桦人工林5种养分元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量、积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明,光皮桦各组分养分含量由大到小依次为树叶、树枝、干皮、树根、干材;不同器官养分元素含量以N、K或Ca最高,其次是P,Mg最低。12年生光皮桦人工林养分积累量为1118.37 kg/hm2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层和凋落物层养分积累量分别为930.18、64.88、35.34和87.97 kg/hm2,分别占养分总积累量的83.17%、5.80%、3.16%和7.87%。光皮桦人工林5种养分元素年净积累量为77.53 kg/hm2,不同器官年净积累量排序为干材树枝干皮树叶树根。 相似文献
10.
通过对海南刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉3种桉树Cu元素的积累、循环进行比较研究。结果表明,刚果12桉、尾叶桉、窿缘桉3种桉树Cu元素平均含量为4.61,3.45,4.36 m g/kg;林分积累量为0.350 3,0.397 6,0.1167kg/hm2。年存留量尾叶桉>刚果12桉>窿缘桉;年归还量刚果12桉>尾叶桉>窿缘桉;刚果12桉、尾叶桉年吸收量分别是窿缘桉的2.7,2.6倍;刚果12桉、窿缘桉、尾叶桉循环系数分别为0.66,0.63,0.53。两种林分特征下尾叶桉Cu元素的含量存在差异,林下有植被的林分和林下无植被的林分Cu元素含量分别为17.15,13.48 m g/kg,林分积累量为0.534 4,0.336 8 kg/hm2。林下有植被的林分和无林下植被的林分Cu元素年存留量分别为0.106 8,0.067 3 kg/(hm2.a);年归还量为0.247 4,0.160 0 kg/(hm2.a);年吸收量分别为0.354 2,0.227 3 kg/(hm2.a);循环系数分别为0.70和0.71。 相似文献
11.
12.
通过样地调查观测和室内样品分析,对位于山西吉县的23年生华北落叶松人工林生态系统中13种元素的循环特征进行研究。测算得到研究区域人工林生态系统的生物量在各器官的空间分布,结合林木各器官养分含量,得出养分元素在空间变异上的积累与分布;测算四大分室(林木、土壤、枯落物和大气)中其余分室的养分含量和养分积累与分布,得到养分循环过程中华北落叶松人工林养分年归还量134.719kg/(hm~2·a),年存留量53.409kg/(hm~2·a)和年吸收量188.129kg/(hm2·a);最后综合上述的各分室养分循环状况,得出反映该森林生态系统的养分生物循环特征的参数和指标。研究区华北落叶松人工林生态系统内N,P,K的循环系数均值(0.68),表明研究区生态系统循环速率较快;利用系数偏小,储存效率慢,土壤养分利用效率较高;养分元素通过林冠后均明显增加(林冠截留量142.1mm),并且对降水量(587.8mm)要求一般。较高的富集系数使其适应瘠薄自然环境,养分消耗量低。总体来看,华北落叶松是很有潜力的森林更新和荒山造林树种。 相似文献
13.
Despite low yields and soil fertility problems, fertilizer use in the East African Highland banana (AAA-EA) production is absent. High fertilizer costs increase the need for site-specific fertilizer recommendations that address deficiencies. This study aimed to derive and compare norms for AAA-EA bananas, using Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND), Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), and a DRIS that includes a filling value (DRIS-Rd), and study nutrient interactions. Data on foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, and plant performance were obtained from 300 plots in Uganda. CND indices were closely related to DRIS and DRIS-Rd indices (R2 > 0.965). Four nutrient interactions were common in both low and high bunch weight subpopulations. Although the three approaches can be used to determine nutrient imbalances in AAA-EA bananas, we recommend CND for ease of use. Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies should be based on methods that identify plant nutritional imbalances. 相似文献
14.
The grasslands of the Appalachian region spread over undulating terrain with high annual precipitation rate which causes a large variation in soil and nutrient factors like water potential (WP), pH, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels. There is a need to understand these factors and their interactive effects to design precise agronomic practices for acidic grasslands to maximize production. A pot experiment was conducted with an objective to quantify the effects of WP, pH, N and P rates on herbage accumulation and nutrient recovery of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cropping system. Centrally rotatable composite design was applied to study the effects of two levels of WP and five levels each of pH, N, and P fertilizer additions in order to optimize bluegrass herbage mass (yield). WP, pH, and N were significant main effects, as were the interactions WP × pH, WP × N, and pH × N. The yield response function was derived from these four factors. The order of importance for these model parameters based on their effect on herbage accumulation was WP > N > WP × pH > pH >WP × N > pH × N. The optimum levels of WP, soil pH, N, and P rates were predicted for Kentucky bluegrass by using the response surface yield model of this pot study i.e., WP of ?422 kPa to ?166 kPa, 5.5–6.1 soil pH, 50–68 N mg kg?1, 36–40 P mg kg?1. Concentration (%) of nutrients like N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were determined to study the impact of WP, pH, N, and P factors and their interactions on plant nutrient recovery. Main effects like WP, pH, and N levels had significant influence on N and P concentration in plant tissue. K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in plant tissue were significantly affected by WP, pH and their interaction. The results of this greenhouse study imply the necessity to incorporate the information about the variation of soil and nutrient factors in designing precise agronomic practices to low productive acid reclaimed grasslands with undulating topography and high annual precipitation rate. 相似文献
15.
长白山红松阔叶林的生物养分循环 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文对东北长白山红松阔叶林的生物量,营养元素分布和养分循环进行研究,结果表明:该地每公顷生物量约为211吨,其中地上部分生物量占82%,地下部分占18%,而年生产量每公顷为7.087吨.该林分地上部分生物量的氮、磷、钾、钙和镁分别为每公顷618.6、56.47、511.82、1057.95和75.85公斤,而年生物量的氮、磷、钾、钙和镁分别为每公顷78.58、7.72、45.80、84.51和13.97公斤.凋落物在养分循环中起着重要作用,在从土壤年吸收的养分中,大量养分通个凋落物又归还土壤.通过计算看出,生产1吨乔木生物量,红松需要消耗氮、磷、钾、钙和镁分别约为9、1、3、4及1公斤,而阔叶树需要消耗上述养分分别约为16、1、9、17及4公斤. 相似文献
16.
High transportation cost is a barrier which prevents land application of compost far away from where the compost is produced. As a result, use of compost in lawns is becoming a popular alternative in municipalities where compost is produced from municipal solid/biosolid waste. A four-year (2002 to 2005) field experiment was conducted on turfgrass [20% Kentucky Blue (Poa pratensis L.) + 80% Creeping Red Fescues (Festuca rubra L.)] grown on a Black Chernozem soil near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, to determine the effect of rate and frequency of spring application of compost (prepared from soild/biosolid waste of city of Edmonton) on biomass, sward color, concentration and uptake of nutrients of sward, and soil chemical properties. There were three compost treatments: 50 Mg ha?1 annual; 100 Mg ha?1 (1st year) + 50 Mg ha?1 (2nd year) split, and 150 Mg ha?1 once in three years (2002, 2003 and 2004) applications. In addition, there were check (no fertilizers or compost) and annual nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-sulfur (NPKS) fertilizer application (100 kg N + 20 kg P + 42 kg K + 20 kg S ha?1 annual) treatments. In the fourth year (2005), residual effect of applied compost on turfgrass growth was determined. Annual application of compost at 50 Mg ha?1 had more green color of leaf, and higher sward N concentration and biomass production of turfgrass for prolonged periods than the check treatment. In comparison with annual application, high initial compost and split applications generated greater turfgrass growth only in the first two years, but produced higher cumulative biomass over the three- or four-year period. Both annual and cumulative biomass yields were highest in treatments receiving NPKS fertilizers. After four growing seasons, there was no residual mineral N in soil from both compost and NPKS fertilizer, and no residual sulfate-S in soil from NPKS fertilizer treatments. The amounts of extractable P and exchangeable K in soil were greater in compost treatments than in the NPKS fertilizer treatment. There was downward movement of extractable P into the 15–30 cm soil depth in one-time initial and split compost and NPKS fertilizer treatments, and of sulfate-S in all compost treatments. In conclusion, annual application of compost in spring at 50 Mg ha?1 is recommended for sustainable color and growth of turfgrass. 相似文献
17.
长沙市郊枫香人工林养分归还研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过野外调查和室内测试分析相结合的方法,研究枫香人工林的养分归还,为枫香人工林生态系统经营管理和物质循环研究提供科学依据。结果表明:1)枫香人工林的年凋落量为4 935.6 kg/hm2,凋落量大小依次为落叶>落枝>花果>碎屑;2)凋落物养分年归还量为111.849 kg/hm2,各元素归还量大小依次为N>Ca>K>Mg>P,各组分归还量大小为落叶>落枝>花果>碎屑;3)降水淋溶养分年归还量为105.823 kg/hm2,各元素淋溶量大小依次为Ca>K>Mg>P>N;4)枫香人工林总的年养分归还量为217.672 kg/hm2,各元素归还量大小依次为Ca>N>K>Mg>P。因此,在降水较丰富的亚热带地区,降水淋溶对枫香人工林养分归还的作用不可忽视。 相似文献
18.
梁宏温 《广西农业生物科学》1991,(4)
根据1984～1989年的定位观测,广西岑溪县七坪林场常绿阔叶林的凋落物量平均为8.062t/ha·a,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Mn,Cu,Zn 9种营养元素的归还量平均为209.47kg/ha·a,分别比杉木林的高1.82倍和2.08倍。常绿阔叶林凋落物各组分的平均分解速率(g/g·a)为:叶1.0842,枝0.6502,果0.8871;而杉木林的分别为0.6084,0.3795和0.5255。表明常绿阔叶林在提高林地土壤肥力方面大于杉木林。 相似文献
19.
红壤丘岗区人工林恢复过程中的土壤养分状况 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
针对红壤丘岗区的自然条件和地形特点,在岗地上坡布置了一组人工林恢复实验,研究植被恢复过程中林地土壤的养分状况。12年的研究结果表明:人工恢复的阔叶林和混交林土壤养分前期下降,3年以后一直上升,总体出现赢余;原状的稀疏马尾松林和自然恢复植被土壤养分一直处于下降状况,前期(1~3年)下降快,后期较慢,目前仍在缓慢下降,特别是自然恢复植被,土壤养分处于严重的退化状况。在开发利用红壤丘岗地过程中,必须注意增加地表覆盖度,避免盲目开垦,减少水分和养分流失,使这类土壤资源得以持续利用。 相似文献
20.
Z. Adimassu K. Mekonnen C. Yirga A. Kessler 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2014,25(6):554-564
The effects of soil bunds on runoff, losses of soil and nutrients, and crop yield are rarely documented in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. A field experiment was set up consisting of three treatments: (i) barley‐cultivated land protected with graded soil bunds (Sb); (ii) fallow land (F); and (iii) barley‐cultivated land without soil bund (Bc). For 3 years (2007–2009), the effect of soil bunds on runoff, losses of soil and nutrients, and crop productivity was studied. Daily runoff and soil and nutrient losses were measured for each treatment using standard procedures while barley yield was recorded from the cultivated plots. The results showed that Sb brought about significant reduction in runoff and soil losses. Plots with Sb reduced the average annual runoff by 28 per cent and the average annual soil loss by 47 per cent. Consequently, Sb reduced losses of soil nutrients and organic carbon. However, the absolute losses were still high. This implies the need for supplementing Sb with biological and agronomic land management measures to further control soil erosion. Despite these positive impacts on soil quality, Sb do not increase crop yield. Calculated on a per‐hectare basis, Sb even reduce crop yield by about 7 per cent as compared with control plots, which is entirely explained by the reduction of the cultivable area by 8·6 per cent due to the soil bunds. Suitable measures are needed to compensate the yield losses caused by the construction of soil bunds, which would convince farmers to construct these land management measures that have long‐term beneficial effects on erosion control. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献