共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 547 毫秒
1.
2.
The results of molecular genetic analysis of wild species and varieties of genus Malus Mill. for loci of monogenic scab resistance are presented. Dominant allele of gene Rvi6 was identified in varieties of M. robusta 43199, M. hupehensis, and M. floribunda. Locus Rvi4 was detected in genotypes of M. robusta v. persicifolia, M. asiatica 2343, M. sieversii 13280, M. niedzwetzkyana 13279, M. purpurea 2392, M. orientalis 41623, M. orientalis 29476, M. orientalis 29 460, M. spectabilis v. albi plena, and M. spectabilis v. rubra plena. Gene Rvi5 in the test collection of wild species is absent. 相似文献
3.
Study on the Nutrition Characteristics of Different K Use Efficiency Cotton Genotypes to K Deficiency Stress 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
JIANG Cun-cang CHEN Fang GAO Xiang-zhao LU Jian-wei WAN Kai-yuan NIAN Fu-zhao WANG Yun-hua 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):740-745
To study the mechanism of plant K use efficiency, both K high and low use efficiency cotton genotypes, 103 and 122, respectively, were selected from 86 cotton cultivars （Gossypium hirsutum L.）. The research was conducted using pot experiment for planting cotton on without K （0.0 g kg-1 soil） and with K （0.4 g kg-1 soil） treatments in 2005. Experimental result showed that, with K deficiency stress, genotype 103 grew much better than genotype 122 except that its lower leaves showed the symptoms of K deficiency, whereas all the leaves of genotype 122 showed the symptoms of K deficiency. Root dry matter weights of treatments for genotype 103 with and without K application were 1.07 and 1.25 times of genotype 122. It indicated that the root system of genotype 103 was well developed and has better nutrition uptake capability than that of genotype 122. The result also showed that the cotton shoots of genotype 103 were 1.07 and 1.13 times over genotype 122 on treatments of with and without K application. It indicated that genotype 103 has stronger transport organs. In genotype 103, plants, dry matter, and potassium were mainly transported to cotton bolls. The boll dry weight of genotype 103 was 2.58 times in without K treatment and 1.90 times in with K treatment over genotype 122. The potassium accumulation in bolls of genotype 122 was only 49.3% of that in genotype 103. Potassium accumulation in the other organs of genotype 103 was relatively low compared with in bolls. This indicated that the distribution of K and organic matter in genotype 103 was more efficient than genotype 122. The main differences between high K efficiency cotton genotype 103 and low K efficiency genotype 122 lie in their potassium nutrition and organic matter using efficiency on uptake, transportation, accumulation, distribution, and utilization. 相似文献
4.
Analysis of genetic diversity and structure across a wide range of germplasm reveals genetic relationships among seventeen species of Malus Mill. native to China 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 GAO Yuan WANG Da-jiang WANG Kun CONG Pei-hua LI Lian-wen PIAO Ji-cheng 《农业科学学报》2021,20(12):3186-3198
China is a center of diversity for Malus Mill. with 27 native species including 21 wild species and six domesticated species. We applied a set of 19 simple sequence repeat markers to genotype 798 accessions of 17 species (12 wild species and five cultivated species) of Malus originating from 14 provinces in China. A total of 500 alleles were detected. Diversity statistics indicated a high level of genetic variation as quantified by the average values of the effective allele number (Ne), expected heterozygosity (He), and Shannon’s Information Index (I) (10.309, 0.886, and 2.545, respectively). Malus sieversii (MSR; He=0.814, I=2.041, Ne=6.054), M. baccata (MBB; He=0.848, I=2.350, Ne=8.652), M. toringoides (MTH; He=0.663, I=1.355, Ne=3.332), and M. hupehensis (MHR; He=0.539, I=0.912, Ne=0.579) showed a higher level of genetic diversity in this study than the previous studies. MSR and MBB contributed to the origin and evolution of some accessions of M. domestica subsp. chinensis (MDC). However, other accessions of MDC showed a closer genetic distance with MBB and cultivated species, especially M. robusta (MRB), M. asiatica (MAN), and M. prunifolia (MPB). Not all accessions of MDC were descended from MSR in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. This research provides novel insights into the genetic relationships of Malus native to China, which will be useful for genetic association studies, germplasm conservation, and breeding programs. 相似文献
5.
苹果砧木实生苗根系个体差异研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
以盆栽当年生平邑甜茶、山定子和平顶海棠为试材，通过调查和土壤处理试验发现，甜茶实生苗个体差异最小，山定子居中，平顶海棠差异最大，三者根干重变异系数分别为１８．７％、２３．５６％和３３．０６％。甜茶根系差异程度对土壤环境变化反应最敏感。山定子和平顶海棠根系基因型差异程度在其个体差异程度中所占比例分别为２０．８￣２８．５％和４２．１￣５１．１％。甜茶苗高和干周变异系数均与其根干重变异系数显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
八棱海棠耐盐碱性评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探明八棱海棠的耐盐碱性种质资源价值,以实生苗为试材,采用水培的方法评价了八棱海棠耐盐性和耐碱性.结果表明:1)0.4％ NaCI处理30 d时,八棱海棠的盐害指数为51.1,根据耐盐性评价标准判定为中等耐盐型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐盐型植株分别占群体总数的20.6％、23.9％、37.0％、12.0％和6.5％.2)pH9.5碱处理(Na2CO3)30 d时,八棱海棠的碱害指数为16.3,根据耐碱性评价标准判定为极强耐碱型树种;其实生个体间存在广泛的抗性分离现象,极强、强、中、弱和极弱耐碱型植株分别占群体总数的79.1％、15.3％、4.2％、1.4％和0％.八棱海棠中存在极强耐盐型和极强耐碱型植株,是优异的耐盐/碱型种质资源树种. 相似文献
7.
This study was to investigate the main traits of potassium-enriched,flue-cured tobacco genotypes related to potassium absorption,accumulation,and in-ward potassium currents of the root cortex.Hydroponic methods,K -depletion methods,and patch-clamp,whole-cell recordings were conducted to study the accumulation of dry matter and potassium in different organs,and to measure potassium absorption and dynamic and in-ward potassium currents in potassium-enriched,fluecured tobacco genotypes.The average dry weights of leaves and whole plant of potassium-enriched,flue-cured tobacco genotype ND202 were 10.20,and 14.85g,respectively,higher than JYH(8.50 and 13.11g,respectively)and NC2326(8.39 and 12.72g,respectively),when potassium concentration in the solution ranged from 0.1 to 50mmol L-1.Potassium accumulation in the leaves of ND202 was 18.6% higher than JYH and 34% higher than NC2326 when potassium concentration in the solution was superior to 0.5mmol L-1.The Vmax(the maximum velocity)of ND202 was 118.11μmol FW g-1h-1,obviously higher than that of JYH(58.87 μmol FW g-1 h-1)and NC2326(64.40μmol FW g-1 h-1).In the in-ward potassium currents,the absolute value of current density(pA/pF)of ND202 was 60,higher than that of JYH(50)and NC2326(40).Potassium concentration in leaves,Vmax and in-ward potassium currents,could be used to screen potassium-enriched,flue-cured tobacco genotypes. 相似文献
8.
CHANG Cong LI Chao LI Cui-ying KANG Xiao-yu ZOU Yang-jun MA Feng-wang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(9):1934-1942
Plants that grow well while accumulating and transporting less potassium（K） perform better than more-sensitive plants when under deficiency conditions, which makes low-K-input and environmentally friendly agriculture possible. We conducted hydroponics and sand culture experiments to evaluate the efficiency of various apple（Malus domestica Borkh） rootstocks in their K uptake and utilization. Five genotypes were selected which are widely used in China- M. hupehensis Rehd, M. prunifolia Borkh, M. robusta Rehd, M. sieversii Roem, and M. rockii Rehd. Plant heights, root and shoot dry weights, and K concentrations were recorded. These genotypes differed markedly in dry weights, absolute and relative K concentrations, absolute and relative K accumulations, and their K efficiency ratio under deficient K conditions. The last parameter, expressed as relative shoot dry weight, was strongly and positively correlated with the other four parameters in each genotype. Therefore, we suggest that this parameter could serve as an index when selecting K-efficient genotypes. In this study, we have determined that M. sieversiiand M. rockii are K-inefficient genotypes; M. prunifolia is K-efficient genotype; M. hupehensis and M. robusta have moderate levels of potassium efficiency. 相似文献
9.
四种苹果砧木幼苗对锌胁迫的耐性差异 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】研究4种苹果砧木幼苗对低锌和高锌胁迫的响应差异,比较其对锌胁迫耐性差异,筛选适应锌胁迫环境的砧木资源。【方法】采用溶液培养法,对苹果砧木幼苗进行不同锌浓度处理,并分析幼苗株高、干物质量、根系构型、根系活力和锌积累、利用效率等指标。【结果】分别在缺锌（0 μmol•L-1）、低锌（1 μmol•L-1）、对照（4 μmol•L-1）、过量锌（10 μmol•L-1）和高锌（100 μmol•L-1）等不同锌浓度营养液中培养45 d,八棱海棠（Malus robusta. Rehd.）、平邑甜茶（M. hupehensis Rehd.）和山定子（M. baccata Borkh.）3种砧木表现植株矮小、新生叶小且簇生、节间缩短等缺锌症状,而小金海棠（M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）缺锌症状不明显。高锌胁迫下,4种苹果砧木均表现出植株矮小、叶片黄化、生长受到严重抑制等锌毒害症状。低锌处理,4种苹果砧木幼苗株高、干物质量、根构型参数均显著下降,降低幅度依次为：山定子＞平邑甜茶＞八棱海棠＞小金海棠,且小金海棠表现出较高的锌转运系数。高锌胁迫下,八棱海棠的干物质量及根系总长、表面积和根系活力高于其它3个品种,各指标的降低幅度依次为：山定子＞平邑甜茶＞小金海棠＞八棱海棠。低锌条件下,地上部锌积累高于根系,大部分锌上运以满足地上部对锌的需求;高锌条件下,锌在根系累积,以减轻对地上部的伤害。【结论】不同苹果砧木幼苗对缺锌及高锌胁迫的耐性不同。供试品种中,小金海棠耐低锌胁迫能力较强,山定子对缺锌及低锌胁迫敏感;八棱海棠对高锌胁迫的耐性较强;山定子在高锌胁迫下受到伤害最大、耐高锌能力最差。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
Assessment on Phosphorus Efficiency Characteristics of Soybean Genotypes in Phosphorus-Deficient Soils 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A glasshouse study compared the growth and phosphorus （P） efficiency of 96 genotypes of soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merrill] in a P-deficient soil. The soybean genotypes differed greatly in growth, nodulation and P uptake after growing in the soil for 45 days, with shoot biomass ranging from 0.91 to 1.75 g per plant. The application of P improved biomass production, nodulation and P uptake and decreased root to shoot ratio, root length and surface area and P utilization efficiency. The 96 soybean genotypes were divided into 3 categories in P efficiency using the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and 4 categories according to F values in combination with growth potentials. The Pefficient genotypes were associated with high biomass production, root to shoot ratio, root length and surface area and P uptake but low shoot to root P concentration ratio under P deficiency. The results indicate that there is a substantial genotypic variation in P efficiency in existing germplasm, and that P efficiency was correlated positively with dry weights of shoots and roots, ratio of root to shoot dry weight, root length and surface area, root P content and total P uptake. The shoot dry weight under P deficiency and relative shoot dry weight （deficient P/adequate P supply） are effective and simple indicators for screening P-efficient genotypes at the seedling stage. 相似文献
13.
Genotypic Difference in Plant Growth and Mineral Composition in Barley Under Aluminum Stress 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four barley genotypes (Tiantaiyangdamai, Xiyin2, Mimai114 and Tai94-Ce6) were exposed to0, 50, 100, and 150 μM of Al-containing solution with pH 4.5, to determine the differences in growth inhibi-tion, Al concentration and accumulation and mineral composition among genotypes. The results showed thatMimai114 and Tai94-Ce6 had significantly higher Al concentration and accumulation than Tiantaiyangdamiand Xiyin2, especially in roots, and the growth traits including root and shoot dry weights, shoot height, rootlength and tillers per plant were more inhibited in the former two genotypes. Al treatments caused a significantreduction of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn content in both roots and shoots, of Cu in shoots ; and a significant increase in Fe and Zn content in both roots and shoots, of Cu in roots. The changed rates of mineral contentcaused by Al treatments, in terms of the content in 150 μM Al divided by the content in the control, differedsignificantly among four genotypes. Two Al-sensitive genotypes, Mimai114 and Tai94-Ce6 had much greater changesin mineral content than other two Al-tolerant genotypes Tiantaiyangdamai and Xiyin2 when subjected to Al stress incomparison with the control. It is indicated that the Al-tolerant genotype is characterized by less uptake and accumula-tion of Al in roots and smaller disorders in mineral metabolism and ion homeostasis. 相似文献
14.
采用土培试验研究了4个不同耐铝性的小麦基因型在酸性高铝土壤中的适应性及其与体内养分状况的关系.结果表明,酸性高铝条件明显抑制小麦的生长,但耐铝基因型的株高、地上部干重和籽粒产量均显著高于敏感基因型,表现出对酸性铝毒土壤较强的适应性.低pH高铝处理降低了小麦地上部氮、钾、钙、磷和锌的含量,提高了铝含量,对镁、铁和锰含量则无明显的影响,但耐铝基因型植株地上部比铝敏感基因型有较高的氮、钾、钙和磷含量及较低的铝含量.耐铝基因型对酸性铝毒土壤的适应性强可能与其在低pH高铝条件下维持较高的钙、磷含量,较低的铝含量以及较高的Ca/Al,P/Al和K/Al比值有关. 相似文献
15.
采用水培法,测定了4种不同基因型韭菜品种植株的地上部干重、根干重和根冠比,研究了对两种磷处理水平的适应机理。结果表明:(1)两种磷处理下,耐低磷高效基因型品种791雪韭和甜脆791根干重显著大于磷敏感基因型一代杂交和久星2号,磷敏感型基因型的韭菜根干重不仅小,且随着磷浓度的变化,下降幅度较大又较快。(2)在不同供磷水平下,4种不同基因型韭菜的根冠比和不同磷处理呈正相关,但不论高磷还是低磷,791雪韭和甜脆791的根冠比、根干重始终保持较高水平。 相似文献
16.
氮胁迫下高效玉米基因型的筛选研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]为了研究玉米杂交种在氮胁迫下的生长反应,为玉米氮高效基因型的筛选提供一些参考。[方法]以玉米苗期地上部植株干重的相对量(W-N/W+N)作为筛选氮素效率的标准,相对干重大于0.50的玉米基因型称为氮高效基因型,相对干重小于0.10的玉米基因型称为低效基因型。通过水培法研究不同玉米基因型对氮素胁迫的适应性差异。[结果]氮高效玉米基因型、氮低效玉米基因型在-N和+N处理下的平均株高、根冠比分别为68.4 cm和83.4 cm4、8.6 cm和88.5 cm,0.471、0.847和0.256、0.214。在氮磷钾正常供应条件下,氮高效玉米基因型比低效玉米基因型的产量降低14.69%;在氮素缺乏条件下,氮高效玉米基因型比低效玉米基因型的产量提高2.26%;在缺氮条件下,高效玉米基因型比氮磷钾正常供应时增产7.55%,而低效玉米基因型比氮磷钾正常供应时减产10.28%。[结论]苗期生物量可以作为高效玉米基因型筛选的指标之一。 相似文献
17.
在磷胁迫[0mmol/L(P),砂培]条件下,对不同基因型大豆苗期在根系形态、生物量等方面的差异进行了研究,结果表明:磷高效基因型在两叶期并未发挥出其基因型潜力的优势;四叶期,磷高效基因型的侧根数、侧根长、根系吸收面积、茎叶干重等性状的受抑制程度均显著低于磷中、低效基因型,而地下干重、根冠比却受到了较中、低效基因型更强的诱导作用。综合评价表明,磷高效基因型的综合值(评价磷效率特性的综合指标)显著高于磷中、低效基因型,显示出了较强的抗磷胁迫能力,但磷高效基因型并非所有性状都表现突出;四叶期可作为大豆耐低磷胁迫的筛选期,根表面积和活跃吸收面积可作为衡量磷效率特性的特异性指标。 相似文献
18.
不同基因型棉花苗期钾效率差异的初步研究 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
营养液培养条件下对86个棉花基因型苗期进行钾效率筛选,并对其中的28个进行了系统的研究。发现不同基因型之间钾效率存在显著差异,变幅为0.08～0.28;高效基因型与低效基因型相比,在低钾条件下.生长状况优势更明显,表现为出现缺钾的症状慢,叶片脱落晚,植株较大;施钾能明显促进棉花的生长发育,提高干物质积累,干物质分配趋势是地上部大于根部;钾含量分配规律是叶与茎含量相当,均大于根的钾含量,适钾时高低效基因型间钾含量差异不大,表明钾含量是比较稳定的,从而维持植物正常生理功能;钾积累量方面,低钾时,叶>根>茎,适宜钾时叶片钾积累量最大,但根与茎的积累量相当,表明施钾能促进钾向地上部运输和协调分配。低效基因型对钾反应敏感,钾积累量受不同钾处理影响较大,而高效基因型受不同钾水平影响较小,反应较为迟钝。 相似文献
19.
LIU Xiao-min GAO Teng-teng ZHANG Zhi-jun TAN ke-xin JIN Yi-bo ZHAO Yong-juan MA Feng-wang LI Chao 《农业科学学报》2020,19(11):2709-2724
Dopamine plays numerous physiological roles in plants. We explored its role in the regulation of growth, nutrient absorption, and response to nitrogen (N) deficiency in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Under low N condition, plant growth slowed, and the net photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll contents, and maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly. However, the application of 100 μmol L−1 exogenous dopamine significantly reduced the inhibition of low N stress on plant growth. In addition to modifying root system architecture under low N supply, exogenous dopamine also changed the uptake, transport, and distribution of N, P, and K. Furthermore, exogenous dopamine enhances the tolerance to low nitrogen stress by increasing the activity of enzymes (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamic acid synthase and glutamine synthetase) involved in N metabolism. We also found that exogenous dopamine promoted the expression of ethylene signaling genes (ERF1, ERF2, EIL1, ERS2, ETR1, and EIN4) under low N stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that ethylene might be involved in dopamine response to low N stress in M. hupehensis. Our results suggest that exogenous dopamine can mitigate low N stress by regulating the absorption of mineral nutrients, possibly through the regulation of the ethylene signaling pathway. 相似文献
20.
Efficiency of potassium-solubilizing Paenibacillus mucilaginosus for the growth of apple seedling 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Yan-hui YANG Xiao-zhu LI Zhuang AN Xiu-hong MA Ren-peng LI Yan-qing CHENG Cun-gang 《农业科学学报》2020,19(10):2458-2469
Chemical potassium(K) fertilizer is commonly used in apple(Malus domestica L. Borkh) production but K is easily fixed by soil, resulting in reduced K fertilizer utilization and wasted resources. K-solubilizing bacteria(KSB) can cost-effectively increase the soluble K content in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the objectives were to select high-efficiency KSB from apple orchards under various soil management models and evaluate their effects on apple seedling growth. Maize(Zea mays L.) straw mulching(MSM) increased the total carbon(TC), total nitrogen(TN) and available potassium(AK) in the rhizosphere and improved fruit quality. The number of KSB in the rhizosphere soil of MSM was 9.5×104 CFU g–1 soil, which was considerably higher than that in the other mulching models. Fourteen KSB strains were isolated with relative K solubilizing ability ranging from 17 to 30%, and five strains increased the dry weight per apple seedling. The most efficient strain was identified as Paenibacillus mucilaginosus through morphological observation and sequence analysis of 16 S rDNA, named JGK. After inoculation, the colonization of JGK in soil decreased from 4.0 to 1.5×10~9 CFU g~(–1) soil within 28 d. The growth of the apple seedlings and the K accumulation in apple plants were promoted by irrigation with 50 mL JGK bacterial solution(1×10~9 CFU mL~(–1)), but there was no significant increase in the AK content of rhizosphere soil. High-performance liquid phase analysis(HPLC) data showed that the JGK metabolites contained phytohormones and organic acids. Hence, the JGK strain promoted the growth of two-month-old apple seedlings by stimulating function of the produced phytohormones and enhanced K solubility by acidification for apple seedling uptake. This study enriches the understanding of KSB and provides an effective means to increase the K utilization efficiency of apple production. 相似文献