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早期断奶仔猪营养生理及其调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在传统的养猪生产中，仔猪常在45-60日龄断奶。现在规模化养猪场多采用早期断奶技术，将断奶日龄缩短到21-28日龄。实行仔猪早期断奶可提高母猪的繁殖率和栏舍利用率，减少疾病由母体向仔猪的传播，并能提高生长期的生产性能和胴体品质。但早期断奶仔猪受心理、环境和营养应激的影响，常常发生所谓的“仔猪早期断奶综合征”，表现为食欲差、消化功能紊乱、腹泻、生长迟滞、饲料利用率低等。其中，营养应激是限制早期断奶仔猪生长性能的主要因素。一方面是因仔猪自身消化系统和免疫系统的不完善，另一方面则由于早期断奶对消化道组织和免疫系统的损害。因此应结合断奶仔猪营养生理特点，通过合理的营养调控手段，搞好日粮配制，以减轻生长抑制，减少腹泻，发挥仔猪早期断奶优势。 相似文献
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仔猪早期断奶日龄与饲料营养的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
仔猪早期断奶是提高母猪生产力的重要手段,由于不同断奶日龄与营养直接影响仔猪断奶后的存活率和增重速度,故确定适宜的断奶日龄和营养水平十分重要。本文以我省目前饲养条件为依据,提出仔猪断奶在规模猪场以２８日龄、农户以３５日龄为宜;早期断奶仔猪的饲料营养宜根据其消化生理特点进行调配,提出三阶段营养方案。 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪的营养调控 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
早期断奶仔猪的营养问题是猪的营养中的焦点问题。早期断奶仔猪的成活率和生产性能不仅与猪的品种、疾病防治、饲养管理相关，更重要的是猪的营养调控问题。解决了这个问题就可以解决早期断奶仔猪的断奶综合症，从而最终为养猪业谋求更高经济效益打下坚实的基础。1早期断?.. 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪营养的研究状况 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
近年来，随着养猪业的迅速发展，仔猪断奶日龄的提前越来越受到人们的重视。然而，仔猪在断奶时，不管饲养管理水平多么高，总会引起仔猪肠道的改变，从而使仔猪生产性能受阻，包括日增重下降、采食量降低以及发病率和死亡率提高等。再此情况下，仔猪营养供应体系要求能够消除断奶后生长受阻现象并且能够保证快而整齐的生长速度，以求达到最大经济效益。本文就最近几年对早期断奶仔猪营养的研究进展以及适合早期断奶仔猪利用的各种原料的营养形式加以扼要概述。 1限制早期断奶仔猪生产性能的因素 Partridge和 Gill（ 1993）、 Granwel… 相似文献
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在现代化养猪生产中,各地已广泛采用早期断奶技术（21～30日龄）,但此时仔猪消化功能未发育完善,免疫机制不成熟,早期断奶是强烈的应激因素,极易造成仔猪早期断奶综合征。临床表现食欲差、消化不良、生长缓慢、抗病力下降、腹泻等,部分仔猪因此变成僵猪,甚至死亡。因此,对早期断奶仔猪进行营养调控,配制适宜饲粮是预防仔猪早期断奶综合症的重要措施。 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪的营养调控 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在猪生产中，最关键的一环是仔猪生产，特别是早期断奶仔猪生产。仔猪早期断奶是国内外集约化养猪生产中普遍关注的先进技术，能提高母猪的繁殖率，减少由母体向仔猪的疾病传播，并能提高生长期的生产性能和胴体品质。目前养猪业发达国家已经开始推广应用１４日龄超早期断奶技术。但仔猪早期断奶时受心理、环境和营养应激的影响，常表现为食欲差，消化功能紊乱、腹泻、生长迟滞、饲料利用率低等所谓的“仔猪早期断奶综合症”。引发的主要原因是营养应激。早期断奶仔猪的成活率和生产性能与猪品种、日粮养分、饲养管理、疾病防治等方面有关，… 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪的蛋白质营养研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
早期断奶是指区别于传统的28～35日龄或更大日龄断奶，一般称在21日龄以内断奶为早期断奶。新生仔猪能够充分利用乳中简单的碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质，但对于饲料中植物来源的大分子并不能很好的消化利用。此外，早期断奶尤其是超早期断奶的仔猪，消化机能不健全，消化系统尚未发育成熟，且受心理和环境等应激的影响，常表现出厌食或拒食、消化机能紊乱、腹泻、水肿、生长迟滞和饲料利用率低等所谓的“仔猪早期断奶综合征”。从而严重影响了养猪业的经济效益，这个问题迄今还没有得到彻底解决，其中导致仔猪早期断奶综合征的主要因素是营养应激。现就早期断奶仔猪的蛋白质营养研究进行综述。 相似文献
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早期断奶仔猪腹泻与营养调控 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
仔猪早期断奶技术是国内外集约化养猪生产中普遍关注的先进技术,可提高母猪的繁殖率,减少由母体向仔猪的疾病传播,并能提高生长期的生长性能和胴体品质。在养猪发达的国家和地区,已开始推广应用14日龄超早期断奶技术。但早期断奶仔猪受心理、环境和营养应激的影响,常常发生“仔猪早期断奶综合征”,表现为食欲差、消化功能紊乱、腹泻、生长迟滞、饲料利用率低等,其引发因素主要是营养应激,因此通过营养调控手段,根据仔猪生长发育的生理特点,配制适合仔猪的饲料来减少仔猪腹泻,是一条行之有效的途径。1早期断奶仔猪的消化生理早期断奶仔猪消化… 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(4)
This study was conducted to compare physiological characteristics between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets in their early lives. Six healthy purebred Meishan sows and Yorkshire sows with close farrowing dates were used in this research. The piglets sucked their respective sow's milk for 14 days, then they were slaughtered to collect samples of blood, pancreas, contents of stomach, jejunum, cecum, colon as well as feces for analysis of blood biochemical parameters, digestive enzymes, and volatile fatty acid(VFA). The results showed that Yorkshire piglets had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC)(P 0.05). Gastric lipase activity was higher in Meishan piglets but Yorkshire piglets had higher lactase activity(P 0.05). The total VFA together with acetate and propionate in cecum and colon were higher in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05),but acetate in jejunum and ratio of acetate to propionate in colon were lower in Meishan piglets than in Yorkshire piglets(P 0.05). In conclusion, in early suckling period, significant differences exist in host metabolism and intestinal microbial metabolism between Meishan and Yorkshire piglets. 相似文献
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Gancarcíková S Buleca V Nemcová R Sciranková L Koscová J Valocký I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(3-4):121-131
The objective of this study was to obtain knowledge about the postnatal development of microflora and the production of short-chain fatty acids in 24 piglets suckled by sows and 26 piglets fed on milk replacement. On day 14 piglets which had received no colostrum had higher counts of Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.001) and coliform bacteria (p <0.001) in the jejunum contents than piglets suckled by their mother sow. Depending on age, concentrations of both lactic and acetic acid were higher in the contents of the small intestine of piglets suckled by sows compared to milk replacer-fed piglets. Replacement of maternal milk by artificial feeding adversely affected the postnatal development of the piglets. This resulted in higher morbidity and mortality in those piglets. 相似文献
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The pH and microflora of the contents of the stomach and small intestine were studied in iron-treated and iron-deficient piglets. Compared with their iron-treated littermates, the gut contents at several sites in iron-deficient animals had a higher pH and contained greater numbers of coliforms, lactobacilli, total aerobes and total anaerobes. The possible relationship of these findings to previous findings in such animals and to their high incidence of diarrhoea is discussed. 相似文献
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日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。 相似文献
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党参多糖对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究党参多糖(CPP)对仔猪生长性能、血清细胞因子及肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量的影响。选取1日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪60头(6窝),随机分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各占1/2)。14日龄时开始试验,3组仔猪分别饲喂仔猪代乳料(对照组)、仔猪代乳料+1%党参多糖(低剂量组)、仔猪代乳料+2%党参多糖(高剂量组),所有仔猪21日龄断奶,试验期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.01);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均体重(P0.05)。22~28日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P0.05)。2)21日龄时,饲粮添加2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量(P0.05);28日龄时,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖显著提高了仔猪的血清IL-2、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IL-6含量(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加2%党参多糖极显著提高了仔猪的十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜SIg A含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加1%和2%党参多糖能够改善仔猪的生长性能,提高血清细胞因子和肠黏膜SIg A含量,其中添加2%党参多糖的作用效果优于1%党参多糖。 相似文献
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A total of 60 piglets of German Landrace weaned at the age of 2 weeks were fed ad libitum with isoenergetic diets of different proteins (casein + dried skim milk, soybean protein + dried skim milk, only soybean protein) and different protein levels in the diet (20, 27, 34, 40% in D.M.). After 4 weeks the piglets were homogenized and examined for their content of non essential amino acids in the whole body mass by ion exchange chromatography. On the fresh and dried material the content of the non essential amino acids Asx, Ser, Glx, Pro, Gly and Ala increased with the higher protein contents of the diet. Decreasing protein quality reduced the content of serine, whereas coincidently the concentration of glycine, especially on the protein levels of 20 and 27% in the diet increased. On the contrary the protein quality had no effect on the concentration of Asx, Glx, Pro and Ala. Related to the whole body protein the highest contents of the non essential amino acids, excepting serine, were found in piglets which got few protein of low quality. Influenced by the different protein supply the proportion of glycine to lysine varied from 1.28 to 2.17. The mentioned changes in the amino acid composition of the piglets are mainly discussed as shiftings in the proportion of organs and tissues and their protein composition. 相似文献
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Michael J Yaeger Joann M Kinyon J Glenn Songer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(1):52-59
Clostridium difficile infection in swine has most often been described in suckling pigs, where it has been associated with mesocolonic edema and typhlocolitis. This prospective study was designed to assess the correlation between the presence of C. difficile toxins (TCd) in the colon contents of neonatal pigs and a number of parameters, including gross evidence of diarrhea, mesocoloninc edema, typhlitis, and colitis. C. difficile was isolated from 51% (66/129) of large intestines and TCd was detected in the colon contents of 50% (65/129) of the piglets. Fifty-eight percent (38/65) of TCd-positive piglets had normal to pelleted colon and rectal contents, whereas 75% (48/64) of TCd-negative pigs had gross evidence of diarrhea. Clostridium difficile toxin-positive animals were significantly more likely to have normal to pelleted feces. Edema of the mesocolon was observed in 38/65 (59%) of TCd-positive piglets. Because a high number of TCd-positive piglets (41%) lacked edema of the mesocolon and a high number of TCd-negative pigs had mesocolonic edema (51%), a statistically significant association between TCd and mesocolonic edema was not identified. Seventy-five percent (49/65) of TCd-positive piglets had colitis and 47/65 (72%) had typhlitis. The association between TCd and both colitis and typhlitis was statistically significant. Apparently healthy piglets were obtained from 5 separate sites. Because TCd was detected in the colon contents of 23/29 (79%) apparently healthy piglets obtained from 5 separate sites, and 70% of TCd-positive control pigs had colitis, C. difficile may represent an important subclinical issue in neonatal swine. 相似文献