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1.
Complex carbohydrates were examined in glandular cells of the horse duodenal gland by using lectin histochemical techniques. In the horse, the duodenal gland was distributed in the area from the uppermost part of the small intestine to a point about 6m caudal to the pylorus. It consisted of two types of cells, mucous and serous cells. The former was found in glands distributed almost all over this part, but the latter was present in glands distributed restrictedly to the uppermost part of the small intestine at a point about 10 cm caudal to the pylorus. The cytoplasm of the mucous cell contained neutral glycoproteins with different saccharide residues as alpha-D-mannose, N-acetyl-beta (1----4)-D-glucosamine, galactose, alpha-galactose, alpha-N-acetylglucosamine, beta-D-Gal (1----3)-D-GalNAc, alpha-L-fucose and sialic acid. On the other hand, the serous cell contained neutral and acid glycoproteins with different residues such as alpha-D-mannose, alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-galactose(1----3)-D-N-acetylgalactose, alpha-L-fucose, N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-beta (1----4)-D-glucosamine, galactose, alpha-galactose, alpha-N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. It is also elucidated in the present study that lipase, an enzyme for digestion, is contained in the serous cell of the equine duodenal gland.  相似文献   

2.
The complex carbohydrates in the camel duodenal glands were examined histochemically at light and electron microscopic levels. The duodenal glands of the camel were distributed in the submucosa 2 m caudal from the pylorus. These were branched tubuloalveolar glands. The terminal portion of each lobule was formed by only one type of mucous cell. The duodenal gland cells contained acidic and neutral carbohydrates. The mucous cells mainly contained sulfate and carboxyl carbohydrate with sialic acid, and they also contained a few neutral carbohydrates with different saccharide residues such as mannose, glucose, galactose, N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine. The results showed that the secretary granules of the duodenal glands in the camel contain mainly acidic carbohydrates. These findings seem to be the morphological characteristics of the duodenal glands in the camel.  相似文献   

3.
Lacrimal glands of 12 dogs free of ocular disease were examined to determine the normal structure of these glands. The glands consisted of tubuloacinar cells that ultrastructurally and histochemically were of a single type of secretory cell in the tubules and possibly 3 types of secretory cells in the acini. The tubular epithelium contained homogenous electron-dense granules that stained as neutral glycoconjugates (periodic acid-Schiff positive and Alcian blue and high iron diamine negative). The predominant acinar cells contained granules of lesser electron density than those of the tubules, and stained as sialomucin (Alcian blue [pH 2.5] and periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and high iron diamine-negative). A second type of acinar cell was in peripheral lobules that ultrastructurally and histochemically appeared like lipid granules (positive with oil red O and osmium tetroxide). Ultrastructurally, a third type of acinar granule was finely granular, electron-lucent, and frequently coalesced. It was not readily apparent whether the latter was an artifact, a stage in the maturation of the sialomucin granules, or a third type of acinar granule. Individual acinar cells usually had a predominance of 1 granule type, but greater than 1 granule type could be found in some cells. The basal surfaces of the acinar, tubular, and ductal cells were incompletely ensheathed by myoepithelial cells. Plasma cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells composed the cellular elements of the interstitium. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and nerve endings also were found in the parenchyma.  相似文献   

4.
The histomorphological aspects as well as the histochemical content and distribution of glycoproteins (GPs) in the mucosa of the digestive tract of the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri were studied. The buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous showed a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous cells. The stomach presented three portions: cardias, fundus and pylorus. Tubular glands formed by a single type of gland cell were located along the cardias and fundus. Histochemical tests showed that the buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous presented the largest amount of the different types of mucosubstances. Both organs showed abundant secretory mucous cells that synthesize large quantities of neutral, sulphated and sialylated GPs. The surface epithelium in the cardias and fundus synthesized and secreted scarce sialylated and neutral GPs whereas the secretions of the apical surface were abundant. The pylorus secreted large amounts of neutral as well as sulphated and sialylated GPs. Gland cells secreted neutral GPs. The ultrastructural features of the gut cells were quite similar to those of other teleosts. The buccopharyngeal cavity and the esophagous surface epithelial cells, identified by their superficial localization, were characterized by cytoplasmic vesicles of different size. Abundant goblet cells with secretory mucous granules were also present. Gastric glands in the stomach contained just one form of cell with a fine structure similar to cells that secrete pepsinogen.  相似文献   

5.
A pinealoma (benign) was found in a 61-week-old male Crj:CD (SD) IGS rat. The neoplasm was located between the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum. Histologically, the tumor cells consisted of two cell types: large, pale-staining cells and small dark-staining cells. A fibrovascular stroma divided the tumor cells into incomplete lobules or nest structures. Relatively numerous mitoses were noted in the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained dense-cored vesicles, approximately 120 nm in diameter.  相似文献   

6.
The endocrine cell components in the pancreatic islets of the following 4 pancreatic regions of the horse were investigated by immunohistochemical methods: lobus pancreatis sinister (left lobe); lobus pancreatis dexter (right lobe); and 2 regions of Corpus pancreatis (body), the duodenal lobe which lies along the cranial duodenal flexure and descending duodenum, and the intermediate lobe which is situated around the portal vein. The islets in the left and intermediate lobes contained a central mass of glucagon cells surrounded by insulin cells, a few somatostatin cells and sporadic pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. On the other hand, the islets in the duodenal lobe were small in size compared with the other 3 regions, and were predominant in insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, but almost lacked in glucagon cells. These findings suggested that the duodenal lobe was derived from the ventral pancreatic primordium, and the left and intermediate lobes were originated from the dorsal pancreatic primordium. In the right lobe, the composition and distribution of the islet cells were almost the same as those in the left and intermediate lobes, but there were several lobules containing numerous PP cells as seen in the duodenal lobe.  相似文献   

7.
Fifty-eight penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known phage types from bovine mastitis in Denmark from the 1950'ties (10 isolates) and the 1990'ties (48 isolates) were tested for beta-lactamase production. Furthermore, the presence of blaZ and blaR1 and the location of blaZ was determined by PCR and hybridisation. All isolates produced beta-lactamase and contained blaZ and blaR1. The blaZ gene was located on the chromosome in 54 isolates and on plasmids of different sizes in 4 isolates. Sequence analysis of an internal region of blaZ in 2 isolates of bovine origin showed a high degree of homology to already published sequences from human isolates. BlaZ could be transferred from the 4 isolates with plasmid location whereas it was not possible to transfer blaZ from 3 isolates with chromosomal location of the gene. The blaZ gene and the blaR1 gene were located closely to each other as previously published. In contrast to observations among isolates of human origin, no correlation between penicillin resistance and phage pattern was indicated for the bovine isolates. Furthermore, in contrast to the observed shift towards increased occurrence of plasmid location of blaZ among isolates of human origin in Denmark, blaZ appears to remain predominately chromosomal located among isolates of bovine origin.  相似文献   

8.
Ultrastructure. lysozyme and glycoconjugate activity in duodenal Paneth cells were observed concurrently in the horse. Paneth cells were seen to uniformly line the base of the equine intestinal glands. The round secretory granules have centrally located electron densities with peripherally located electron lucent halos. Histochemically, the peripheral halo layer was positively stained for carbohydrates by the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein-physical development (PA-TCH-SP-PD) method and the entire granules reacted positively to the WGA. The central core area reacted with anti-lysozyme. We identified a young (Type I) and an old (Type II) cell population in the same crypt, but we suggest that the observed populations are variations of the same cell type with the varied appearance due to aging of the secretory granules.  相似文献   

9.
The present study was carried out on the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow to investigate the gross and microscopic structures via gross anatomy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gross anatomy clarified the elongated triangular shape of the oropharyngeal cavity with a non-protruding tongue with a bifid apex. The lingual body contained median groove rostrally and separated caudally from the root by a transverse papillary crest. The laryngeal mound located posterior to the lingual root, contained midline laryngeal cleft and bounded caudally by a transverse row of pharyngeal papillae. The palate contained choanal cleft rostrally and infundibular slit caudally in addition to five palatine ridges. By light microscopy, the dorsal lingual epithelium was highly keratinised stratified squamous with a lingual nail in the most rostral part of the apex. Then, the thickness of the keratin layer decreased caudally, while in the ventral surface, the lining epithelium became non-keratinised. The entoglossum supported the lingual body and root, but not extended to the apex. The lining epithelium of the palate was also keratinised stratified squamous and became none-keratinised at the oral side of the choanal cleft. There were numerous lobules of polystomatic salivary glands in the lingual root and the palate. SEM revealed the arrangement of different types of papillae covering both the floor and the roof of the oropharynx besides numerous openings of salivary glands in the lingual root, laryngeal mound and the palate. These findings reflect the functional relationship of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow during feeding.  相似文献   

10.
Coopworth sheep selected for low backfat (lean genotype) have been shown to have heavier pituitary glands than those selected for high backfat (fat genotype). This paper investigated whether this difference was due to an increase in pituitary cell number or cell size and whether the relative proportions of different pituitary cell types differed between the genotypes. In three separate trials, ram lambs aged 6 to 8 months were slaughtered and the pituitary glands were processed for stereological or immunocytochemical studies. The pituitary glands of lean genotype sheep were between 30 and 60% heavier than those of the fat sheep. Lean sheep had a significantly (P<0.05) larger cross-sectional area of the pituitary fossa (96.6 vs. 81.7 mm(2)) than fat genotype sheep. The pituitaries from lean sheep contained significantly more total cells than fat sheep (Trial 1: 290 vs. 183 million cells, P<0.01; Trial 2: 353 vs. 239 million cells, P <0.05). The volume of individual cells did not differ between the genotypes. Trial 3 showed that there was no difference between lean and fat sheep in the percentage of cells staining positive for the five pituitary hormones studied. It is concluded that the larger pituitary glands of lean compared to fat genotype sheep are a result of a nonspecific increase in the size of the whole gland through increased cell numbers, with no change in cell size or the relative proportion of different cell types.  相似文献   

11.
The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the duodenal glands of the pony (Equus caballus) was examined in four horses. Unlike that of most species except for the rabbit, the submucous glands of the horse contain two distinct cell types, serous and mucous. These cells are described.  相似文献   

12.
Morphometric, histological and histochemical studies were carried out on the sublingual salivary glands of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). The glands are of the tubulo-acinar type and consist of many lobules that are composed of two types of cells, mucoserous and seromucous. The mucoserous cells form the main secretory units of the gland but seromucous cells are much more seldom and form associated acini. The former cells secrete and elaborate large quantities of neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins and little sulphomucins while only the apical portion of the latter cells shows weak to moderate activity for neutral and acid mucosubstances. The histoenzymological tests employed here detected a considerable activity of alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase and non-specific esterases, but weak activities of cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase and no activities of triacylglycerol lipase, beta-glucoronidase and amylase. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are considered activation markers on human lymphocytes, which are fundamental for studying the immune system. For cattle, only a limited number of activation markers has yet been identified. We recently showed that Shiga toxin 1, known to use globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3) syn. CD77) as a cellular receptor, depresses proliferation of activated bovine lymphocytes [Infect. Immunol. 67 (1999b) 2209]. In order to confirm the expression of Gb(3)/CD77 on bovine lymphocytes, we flowcytometrically examined a bovine B-lymphoma cell line (BL-3) and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after mitogenic stimulation and biochemically characterized neutral GSLs extracted from PBMC. CD77 was detected on the surface of BL-3 cells and cultured PBMC essentially after mitogenic stimulation. Although expressed by all PBMC subpopulations identified, the portion of CD7+ cells was highest for BoCD8+ cells, followed by B-cells and BoCD4+ cells at day 4 of cultivation. Ceramide trihexoside of stimulated PBMC was structurally determined as Gal(alpha1-4)Gal(1-4)Glc(1-1)ceramide (Gb(3)). Biochemically, Gb(3) was also detected within unstimulated PBMC which contained ceramide monohexoside (CMH) and Gb(3) in a ratio of about 4:1. However, stimulation induced an increase of CMH and Gb(3) by a factor of 2.5 and 10, respectively, implicating that bovine lymphocytes regulate surface expression of Gb(3)/CD77 predominantly by quantitative changes in the Gb(3) metabolism. This report presents Gb(3)/CD77 as the first GSL identified on bovine immune cells and highly recommends this activation dependent antigen as a useful tool to investigate lymphocyte activation within the bovine immune system.  相似文献   

14.
The morphology of the intermandibular gland of the Lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), which plays an important function in marking area and territory and in the reproductive behaviour of the animal, was examined using immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. The gland was composed of sebaceous and apocrine glandular material. Sebaceous glands occupied a greater area of the total gland and consisted of many large lobules with polyhedral cells having a pale cytoplasm. The sebaceous gland, being holocrine, possessed no special secretory ducts. The apocrine gland was lined by cuboid cells and the secretory products were often seen in the apical portions of the cells. Myoepithelial cells contained actin filaments lining the basal membranes of the apocrine gland and were surrounded by nerve fibres which immunostained with protein gene product 9.5. The secretion of the gland appears to be a mixture of larger amounts of lipid material from sebaceous glands, and glycoconjugates secreted by both sebaceous and apocrine glands. Lectin histochemistry detected these as galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose and D-glucose. The male gland was larger in size and contained more N-acetyl galactosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine in its secretion than the gland of the female. This implied the presence of sexual differences in secretions in the intermandibular gland of the Lesser mouse deer.  相似文献   

15.
Cytokeratins (CKs) are a multigenic family of proteins constituting intermediate filaments in epithelia, indicated in humans by the numbers 1–20. Different cell-types can be immunocytochemically identified on the grounds of their CK expression. This investigation was designed to study CK expression of basket cells (BCs) and basal-duct cells (BDCs) in some domestic animals. Frozen sections of mammary and major salivary glands from cows, sheep, pigs and rabbits were treated using the immunofluorescent method, using as monoclonal antibodies clones CK-E3, CKB1, KS-1A3, and LDS-68, respectively, revealing the human CKs 17, 14, 13, 7. BCs surrounding acini and BDCs were stained by CK 17 antibody only in the rabbit. CK 14 was detectable in both cell types in cows, sheep and pigs, except in the case of bovine salivary BCs. CK 13 was revealed in BCs and BDCs of all mammary glands and also rabbit salivary glands. In the salivary glands of the other species, only BDCs were stained. CK 7 gave unreliable results in all the species and cell types examined. Interestingly, in the rabbit, also BDCs are basket-like in shape. The antibodies employed showed different staining depending on species and gland. On the grounds of immuno-reactivity and shape. BCs and BDCs can be considered the same cell type in the rabbit. In the other species, they appear to be different, since BDCs may express additional CKs and are triangular-shaped, whereas BCs are truly basket-like. It is worth noting that clone KS-1A3 in the rabbit and CKB1 in the sheep and pig can be considered markers of the basket/basal system.  相似文献   

16.
Suckling both, or only one contralateral mammary gland during 15 days postpartum was utilized to study lactogenic hormone binding to mammary microsomal membranes and quantitative mammary morphology in ewes. Binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone was specific for lactogenic hormones. Non-radiolabeled human growth hormone, ovine and bovine prolactin and human placental lactogen effectively competed with radiolabeled human growth hormone for binding sites but ovine and bovine growth hormone were completely ineffective. Specific binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone to 600 μg of membrane protein averaged 23 ± 3% in all lactating glands. Neither days postpartum nor treatment of contralateral mammary glands substantially altered hormone binding in lactating glands. Specific human growth hormone binding (6 ± 0.5%) in non-suckled glands (15 days postpartum both udder halves) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in lactating tissue but only a moderate and variable reduction in specific binding was measured in membranes from glands non-suckled for 15 days but contralateral to a suckled gland (14 ± 4%). Specific binding was approximately doubled in assays with 600 compared with 300 μg of membrane protein and the pattern of binding among variously suckled glands was not changed by treatment of membranes with 4 M MgCl2 prior to assay. Most secretory cells from all lactating glands had rounded, basally displaced nuclei, apical fat globules, secretory vesicles and abundant densely stained basal cytoplasm (ergastoplasm). Alveolar lumenal area was maximal (50% of tissue area) and stromal tissue area was minimal. After 15 days of non-suckling (both udder halves) mammary cells were engorged with lipid, ergastoplasm was reduced and nuclei were irregularly shaped and randomly displaced compared with lactating tissue. In addition, lumenal area was reduced and stromal tissue more evident. Lack of suckling for 5 days had little apparent effect on mammary cytology. Like lactogenic hormone binding, mammary tissue morphology was only moderately altered by 15 days of non-suckling when the remaining gland was suckled. RNA concentration was lowest (2.1 ± 0.3 mg/g) in mammary tissue from ewes in which neither gland was suckled for 15 days postpartum but non-suckling interval had no significant effect when contralateral glands were suckled. DNA concentration was not significantly influenced by suckling treatments. Relative lactogenic hormone binding closely corresponded to changes in cytological and biochemical indices of secretory cell function.  相似文献   

17.
The morphological differences between two types of secretory cells (clear and dark) from pig carpal glands were examined. The main difference is the presence in the dark cells of secretory granules of moderate electron density, made up of acidic and neutral glycoproteins. The possible functional purposes of the carpal glands and of glycogen present in both cell types are also discussed.  相似文献   

18.
The application of immunohistochemical technique with antisera for glucagon (Glu), insulin (Ins), somatostatin (Som) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to serial sections of the cat pancreas permitted the quantitative evaluation of the population of 4 endocrine cell types and that of the area, larger diameter and density of islets. The pancreas was divided macroscopically into the 4 portions, duodenal, gastric, anastomotic and splenic. The duodenal portion was characterized by the localization of PP-immunoreactive (IR) cell-rich islets, the dissemination of PP-IR cells in the exocrine parenchyma and the absence of Glu-IR cells. In the duodenal portion, the area, the larger diameter and the density of islets were significantly smaller than those in the other 3 portions. On the contrary, the other 3 portions were marked with the deficiency of PP-IR cells and the existence of Glu-IR cell-rich islets. Ins-IR cells, identified as compact cell masses without any other types of cells, occupied a major part of every islet, composing much the same population throughout the 4 portions. The Som-IR cell population appeared to be closely in parallel with the Glu-IR cell population in all of the portions. It is concluded that all islets are similar in the Ins-IR cell population, but different in the complementary arrangement of Glu- and PP-IR cells. Based on this difference, 2 types of islets can be classified.  相似文献   

19.
In the present study, we analysed the effect of fixative, breed, luteal stage and location on the nuclear density, volume density of connective tissue and vascular tissue/lumina within a bovine luteal gland in view of the development of an in vivo sampling technique to longitudinally monitor luteal histophysiology. The inner zone defined as the zone geometrically closest to the centre of the gland shows a significantly lower nuclear density (for all cell types) and a higher volume density of collagen fibres and vessels when compared with the outer zone (p < 0.001). The nuclear density in luteal glands from Holstein‐Friesian cows is not significantly different from that in Belgian Blue cows, nor is it in stage II vs stage III glands. The collagen fibre content was significantly lower in glands of Belgian Blue cows (p = 0.01) and in younger glands (p = 0.003). Hence, it seems that the lower nuclear density in the inner zone was compensated by a higher amount of collagen fibres. As the type of fixative applied has a significant effect on the nuclear density of the different cell types, the present study warrants future research to further optimize the fixation protocol. As a conclusion, we can state that the topographic difference in nuclear distribution for the different cell types in a bovine luteal gland is only significant when comparing the inner vs the outer zone. This implies that if a sample representative for the whole gland has to be taken, for example, when taking an in vivo sample, it is necessary that the biopsy goes through the inner zone and contains the total diameter of the gland.  相似文献   

20.
The bovine and ovine TRG genes have previously been shown to be located in two loci, TRG1 and TRG2, in contrast to human and mouse TRG genes that are located in a single locus. The bovine TRG1 and TRG2 loci are located on chromosome 4 at 4q3.1 and 4q1.5-2.2, respectively. The complete genomic organization of the two bovine loci is described: each locus comprises three cassettes, each one includes one or several variable genes (TRGV) and one or several joining genes (TRGJ) preceding a constant (TRGC) gene. The location of the TRGC5 cassette is conclusively described in 5' of the TRG1 locus. Analysis of 17 TRGV belonging to 10 different subgroups, 8 TRGJ and 6 TRGC genes is conducted which comprises the most comprehensive list to date.  相似文献   

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