共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
R. Gornati S. Gualdoni R. Cavaliere G. Terova M. Saroglia G. Bernardini 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(1-2):51-55
The issue of animal welfare in aquaculture is of growing interest and there is an increasing consumer demand for documentation of safe and ethically defendable food production. In this context, we have looked for molecular markers among those genes whose expression is modified by the different farming conditions. We have compared gene expression of sea bass farmed at different population densities by differential display, and we have obtained six bands differentially expressed whose sequences have been deposited in the public databases; two of them were suppressed by high population density, while four were induced by the treatment. These genes can be used as biomarkers, and together with a panel of stress-related genes of sea bass (D. labrax) that we have already obtained, could allow the rapid diagnosis of the welfare status of a fish using RT-PCR. We are certain that the new molecular techniques will find their place in the everyday management of fish farming. On the other hand, we are also aware that the scarcity of genomic resources for some fish species, in spite of their economical interest, will retard the beneficial effects that modern biotechnology could bring to aquaculture industry. Therefore, an effort should be made to reduce, as far genomic resources are concerned, the gap that separates farmed species from model organisms such as Danio rerio and Fugu rubripes. 相似文献
2.
集约化养殖条件下鱼类营养代谢性疾病频发,如何防治是目前亟待解决的问题。寻找导致营养代谢性疾病的关键基因,并研究其功能及作用机制是目前研究的热点。高通量测序技术为研究者提供了海量的基因信息,如何有效的挖掘、分析和存储数据并用于疾病的防治显得尤为重要。目前,鱼类营养代谢性疾病相关基因数据库的开发和利用仍处于研究初期。为了合理高效地利用现有的组学数据信息,本研究系统地调研了鱼类代谢性疾病相关数据库,明晰了NCBI数据库中265种鱼类的基因组大小和64种鱼类的染色体数目,获取了Ensembl数据库中17个目58种鱼类的基因组数据,收集了KEGG数据库中41种鱼类的糖类、脂类和蛋白质代谢相关基因。本文可为鱼类营养代谢性疾病基因数据库的研发提供数据支撑,并为鱼类营养代谢性疾病的治疗和预防奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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Current status of parasitic ciliates Chilodonella spp. (Phyllopharyngea: Chilodonellidae) in freshwater fish aquaculture 
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下载免费PDF全文 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(5):703-715
Freshwater fish farming contributes to more than two‐thirds of global aquaculture production. Parasitic ciliates are one of the largest causes of production loss in freshwater farmed fishes, with species from the genus Chilodonella being particularly problematic. While Chilodonella spp. include ‘free‐living’ fauna, some species are involved in mortality events of fish, particularly in high‐density aquaculture. Indeed, chilodonellosis causes major productivity losses in over 16 species of farmed freshwater fishes in more than 14 countries. Traditionally, Chilodonella species are identified based on morphological features; however, the genus comprises yet uncharacterized cryptic species, which indicates the necessity for molecular diagnostic methods. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the biology, ecology and geographic distribution of harmful Chilodonella spp. and examines pathological signs, diagnostic methods and treatments. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics and the ability to culture Chilodonella spp. in vitro will enable the development of preventative management practices and sustained freshwater fish aquaculture production. 相似文献
4.
我国离岸养殖工程发展策略 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
发展离岸养殖工程对于保障水产品供给、开发蓝色国土资源、实现海洋水域资源的合理利用与有效开发具有重大意义。本文阐述了我国网箱养殖工程发展现状和面临的主要问题,介绍了国外在深水抗风浪网箱和养殖工船方面的研发进展,指出未来离岸养殖工程发展趋势是养殖设施系统大型化、养殖环境生态化、养殖地域外向化、养殖过程低碳化,提出了我国离岸养殖工程发展战略目标是:至2020年,全面形成面向深海、合理分布于主权海域的海上水产品养殖生产与流通体系,实现海洋渔业由"捕"向"养"的根本性转变,建立领先于世界的工业化蓝色农业生产体系。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):283-316
ABSTRACT India is a very populous country with more than one billion people. In order to provide food for this growing population, serious environmental problems may result. Despite many benefits from the green, blue, and silver revolutions adopted in India, there has been much concern resulting from intensive agricultural practices that led to environmental problems in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing demand for aquatic resources also caused inland fisheries to decrease over the past few decades. The location of aquaculture projects, landscape destruction, soil and water pollution by pond effluents, over-exploitation of important fish stocks, depletion in biodiversity, conflicts over agriculture and aquaculture among various stakeholder groups over resource and space allocation, and international fish trade controversies have threatened the long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture industries. The subject of sustainable aquaculture has not been adequately projected in terms of current aquaculture practices aimed to boost a rural economy. This review briefly describes the key issues of aquaculture unsustainability in terms of intensive aquaculture, nutrient enrichment syndrome, soil and groundwater salinization, destruction of mangroves, loss of biodiversity, marine pollution and loss of fish stock, use of aquachemicals and therapeutics, hormone residues, etc. The strategies for sustainability have been highlighted with respect to rice-cum-fish culture, carp polyculture, integrated farming with livestock, rural aquaculture, intensification of small farms, wastewater-fed aquaculture, crop rotation, probiotics, feed quality, socioeconomic considerations, environmental regulations and fisheries acts, transboundary aquatic ecosystems, impact of alien species, ethical aspects of intensive aquaculture, responsible fisheries, and environmental impact assessment. A suggested model outlines the feedback mechanisms for achieving long-term sustainability through improved farm management practices, integrated farming, use of selective aquachemicals and probiotics, conservation of natural resources, regulatory mechanism, and policy instruments. 相似文献
6.
Forecasting the Genetic Impacts of Net Pen Failures on Gulf of Mexico Cobia Populations Using Individual‐based Model Simulations 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tanya L. Darden John D. Robinson Allan E. Strand Michael R. Denson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(1):20-34
Offshore net pen fish farming provides a cost‐efficient means for production of marine finfish, and there is great interest in development of net pen operations in domestic waters. However, there are concerns over the possible genetic and ecological impacts that escaped fish may have on wild populations. We used individual‐based simulations, with parameter values informed by life history and genetic data, to investigate the short‐term (50 yr) impacts of net pen failures on the genetic composition of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, stocks in the Gulf of Mexico. Higher net pen failure rates resulted in greater genetic impacts on the wild population. Additionally, the use of more genetically differentiated source populations led to larger influxes of non‐native alleles and greater temporal genetic change in the population as a result of net pen failure. Our results highlight the importance of considering the appropriate source population for broodstock collection in net pen aquaculture systems and help to provide a general set of best management practices for broodstock selection and maintenance in net pen aquaculture operations. A thorough understanding of the genetic diversity, stock structure, and population demography of target species is important to determine the impact escapees can have on wild populations. 相似文献
7.
Community livelihood and patterns of natural resources uses in the shrimp‐farm impacted Mekong Delta
This case study looks at changing livelihood strategies of the coastal population in Soc Trang Province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and their impacts on natural resources. It provides an opportunity not only to document the impact of shrimp farming on coastal livelihood but also to better understand the link between brackish water aquaculture development and natural resource use. The approach includes a socio‐economic survey in six villages of the province focusing on risk strategies and livelihood diversification. Shrimp farming was found to be less risky and more profitable for households and private companies with a higher investment capacity than for poorer households. Households facing a high risk in shrimp farming diversified their aquaculture production, with other high‐value species like mud crab and elongated goby as a coping mechanism. The use of natural resources' collection is shifting from home consumption towards market‐oriented sales of juvenile mud crabs, clams or fish (elongated goby) to supply seed for brackish water aquaculture developments. 相似文献
8.
Lydia M. Vasilyeva Ashraf. I. Gh. Elhetawy Natalia V. Sudakova Svetlana S. Astafyeva 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(4):979-993
Since natural sturgeon populations have drastically declined, aquaculture of these valuable fish is important to meet the ever‐increasing demand for meat and caviar, thereby reducing the pressure on natural sturgeon resources. There are two directions in sturgeon aquaculture: controlled propagation for release and commercial farming. The controlled propagation supports the conservation of natural fish populations, while the commercial cultivation of sturgeons supplies the needs of the consumer market with the delicacy production of caviar (mainly). This review deals with the current status of the controlled propagation and stocking in the Volga‐Caspian basin and the commercial farming of sturgeons in Russia. The article also investigates the management of farmed broodstocks of sturgeons, which are used for obtaining seedlings and caviar. It is for sure that the active and continuous development of the two directions of sturgeon aquaculture will allow preserving these unique ancient fish on our planet until natural populations can be re‐established by self‐sustaining populations. 相似文献
9.
Stéphanie Pierre Sandrine Gaillard Nathalie Prévot-D'Alvise Josiane Aubert Odile Rostaing-Capaillon Daniel Leung-Tack Joël-P. Grillasca 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(3):297-308
- 1. Grouper are of considerable economic value in tropical and subtropical regions and most particularly in south-east Asia. Moreover, it is in Asia, where this fish is highly prized, that the grouper farming began in the 1980s.
- 2. The organoleptic qualities of the groupers are not the only characteristics to be appreciated; in culture, their robustness in heavily populated conditions, as well as their rapid growth at elevated temperatures makes them a good species for aquaculture. However, it is, above all, market demand that is outstripping the supply of fish, which is motivating the expansion of grouper aquaculture.
- 3. At the present time, aquaculture is unable to satisfy demand. The chronic shortage of broodstock means that the alevins, destined for aquaculture, are taken mainly from natural habitats with the aid of fish traps, nets and cyanide, thus contributing to the destruction of south-east Asian reefs. Nevertheless, research is progressing and the number of species whose reproduction is totally controlled is increasing. It is in Taiwan that grouper aquaculture is at its most advanced with a total of five species being raised.
- 4. Aquaculture is divided into four stages, carried out by different farmers, allowing a more rapid turnover for each farmer and therefore a better financial return. On the other hand, in the Mediterranean at present time, there are no completely controlled grouper captive-breeding programmes. The first attempts at controlled breeding have been carried out since 1995 in Italy, Croatia and Greece. However, farming groupers in captivity, and in particular the control of their reproduction, poses numerous problems.
10.
Mariel Gullian Klanian Omar Zapata Pérez Miguel Angel Vela-Magaña 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(1):73-85
Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is a euryhaline fish commonly found in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast of North America. Because of high commercial demand and its euryhaline characteristics, aquaculture of this species has diversified from marine to low-salinity aquaculture systems. In recent years, interest in the feasibility of producing red drum in inland freshwater systems has grown and this prompted us to investigate its osmoregulatory capacity after rearing for 8 months in a freshwater aquaculture system. We compared the activities of several genes and enzymes involved in the osmoregulatory process in freshwater-acclimatized (FW) and seawater (SW) red drum. The gene expression profiles were variable: the expression of genes encoding Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) was slightly higher in SW than FW fish, while phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were higher in FW red drum. The total plasma K concentration was 60.3% lower, and gill NKA activity was 63.5% lower in FW than in SW fish. PEPCK activity was twofold higher in FW than in SW red drum. Similarly, liver glycogen was 60% higher in FW fish. In summary, both gene expression and the enzyme activity data support the phenotypic plasticity of red drum and suggest that the limited capacity for ion homeostasis observed, in particular the low plasma K concentration, was due to the composition of freshwater and does not necessarily reflect a physiological inability to osmoregulate. 相似文献
11.
生长性状是水产养殖鱼类最重要的经济性状之一,对水产养殖业的发展意义重大。通过以不同的养殖鱼类为对象,大量的研究结果表明,鱼类生长主要受环境、基因,以及基因与环境相互作用的影响,具体为:(1)环境是生长性状调控的外因,其对生长的影响一般呈现出剂量效应的规律。温度、光照、营养等主要环境因子的过量和不足均可能对鱼类生长产生不利影响,因此,寻求最优条件是制定最佳养殖环境的终极目标,人为调控多种环境因子在现代水产养殖业中具有重大的应用潜力。(2)基因是生长性状调控的内因,其对生长的影响很大程度上表现出因果效应的关系。某些基因的单碱基核苷酸多样性、基因结构变异、染色体倍性变化,以及转基因等都表现出对鱼类生长产生统计显著性的影响。鉴于生长是多基因控制的复杂数量性状,寻找主效基因并在选育中加以利用是改良生长性状的重要基础。高通量测序技术在生长相关候选基因的筛选以及辅助分子育种方面展现出强大的优势。(3)基因与环境相互作用的影响主要来自基因型对不同环境条件的适应性,具有特异性和复杂性的特点,因此目前对其量化研究非常有限。但在制定大规模商业育种计划之前,考虑基因与环境相互作用具有重要意义。综上所述,充分理解环境、基因,以及基因与环境相互作用对水产养殖鱼类生长的影响能更好地对其生长性状加以利用,从而最大限度地节约养殖成本和发挥生态效益。 相似文献
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Rasmus Nielsen Max Nielsen Tenaw Gedefaw Abate Benni Winding Hansen Per Meyer Jepsen Søren Laurentius Nielsen Josianne Gatt Støttrup Kurt Buchmann 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2623-2641
This article analyses the challenges of different live‐feed regimes for the rearing of marine finfish larvae and discusses the potential alternative live feeds to avert a future live‐feed trap. Live feeds are indispensable for the successful rearing of larvae of most marine fish species. Brine shrimps (Artemia) and rotifers comprise the live feeds of choice in marine aquaculture today. However, their nutritional composition is deficient in especially essential fatty acids, and enrichment with fish oil is needed. Fish oil is considered a limited resource owing to its origin in fully exploited wild fish stocks. Moreover, fluctuations of the natural population of Artemia will, most likely, influence future availability and prices. This emphasizes the need for optimal exploitation of available live‐feed resources and development of new sustainable alternatives, such as copepods. An array of solutions to these problems are presented to avoid a future live‐feed trap and to reduce dependence on limited resources that influence future production possibilities, species diversification, price volatility and productivity in the aquaculture sector. 相似文献
15.
随着高密度集约化水产养殖业的发展，溶解氧、水温和氨氮等水环境因子胁迫已成为制约渔业高质量发展的限制性因素，抗逆水产新品种的培育成为重要的解决途径之一。本文综述了鱼类对温度、低氧、氨氮、亚硝态氮、盐碱胁迫的响应机制，以及环境耐受性鱼类新品种的育种现状，提出充分利用第一次全国水产养殖种质资源系统调查结果发掘优异种质资源，建立高通量表型和基因型精准鉴定技术，深入解析鱼类响应环境因子胁迫的机制，利用分子标记辅助育种、全基因组选择育种、基因编辑育种和分子设计育种等现代分子育种技术进行高效精准抗逆新品种的培育，为鱼类抗逆性新品种培育提供参考。 相似文献
16.
斑点叉尾鮰基因组的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为重要的水产养殖种类之一,斑点叉尾(IctalurusPunctatus)的基因组学研究已经取得了较大进展。其众多遗传连锁图以及与表型性状有关的DNA分子标记和基因组资源已经建立;基因组中一些重要的重复片段,已经得到鉴定和辨别,这更有利于对斑点叉尾鮰基因组进行物理学分析;通过基因组学方法,获得了大量基因或全长cDNA序列、以及基因进化和与功能相关基因表达方面的信息。利用细菌人工染色体叠连群技术,创建斑点叉尾鮰基因组物理图谱,开发特定片段分子标记,进行数量性状基因位点(QTLs)分析和高密度基因组绘图。通过比较图谱,可以更有效地进行大范围EST分析和I型分子标记绘图。cDNA微阵列或基因芯片技术的利用,加快新基因发现和鉴定的步伐,为分子标记辅助育种和病害诊断与防治研究奠定了坚实基础。 相似文献
17.
Ólöf Dóra Bartels Jónsdóttir Julia Schregel Snorre B. Hagen Camilla Tobiassen Siv Grethe Aarnes Albert K. D. Imsland 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):49-60
The potential for genetic contamination of stocks arising from translocation and subsequent release or escape of translocated and/or genetically mixed stocks may be a significant risk to wild populations. In this context, we undertook a population genetic survey of stocks of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) along the Norwegian coast to establish the existing genetic population structure, which will aid the development of policy of the species’ use as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture. This was done by using 14 microsatellite loci and 287 specimens collected at five fishing grounds, covering most of the Norwegian coastline from south to north, with additional 18 samples of first-generation reared fish from a fish farm outside Tromsø (North Norway). Overall, there was no indication of significant spatial genetic structuring or of positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance among the wild lumpfish samples. These results suggest that, should translocated individuals escape from aquaculture in Norway, this will probably have little to no impact on the genetic composition of the local fish population. 相似文献
18.
急性低盐胁迫下红鳍东方鲀幼鱼IgM、NKCC1和Hsp70基因的表达 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)耐低盐的分子机制,以自然海水组为对照,利用实时荧光定量PCR(q RT-PCR)技术,分析红鳍东方鲀幼鱼在盐度16、12、8和4胁迫下,鳃和肾中免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)、钠钾氯协同转运蛋白1(Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1,NKCC1)和热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,Hsp70)3个基因的表达情况。结果表明,3个基因在鳃和肾中均有表达,IgM和Hsp70基因在鳃和肾中的表达量均无显著性差异(P0.05),而NKCC1基因在鳃中的表达量显著高于肾(P0.05)。同一盐度下,随着时间的增加,鳃中IgM基因的表达量大致呈现先降低后升高的趋势,肾中则呈现先降低后升高再趋于平稳的趋势;同一时间内,鳃中低盐度组与对照组的IgM基因表达量差异比肾中差异更为明显。在鳃中,相同时间内NKCC1基因在各低盐度组的表达量低于对照组,尤其在6h和72h两个时间点时显著低于对照组(P0.05);肾中各时间点的表达量基本都高于0h表达量。在相同时间内,3h、6h、24h、72h的各低盐度组,在鳃中,Hsp70基因的表达量均与同一时间对照组之间差异明显(P0.05);在肾中,从6h开始,各低盐组与对照组之间差异性显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,红鳍东方鲀幼鱼IgM、NKCC1、Hsp70 3个基因的表达量在不同盐度不同时间下存在差异,由此推测这3个基因对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的渗透压调节起重要作用。 相似文献
19.
多维视角下的新时代水产养殖业发展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
由于经济因素的驱动,我国水产养殖规模和集约化水平在快速扩大和提高,同时,土地、淡水和鱼粉等资源制约日趋明显,氮磷排放、碳足迹、生态足迹在迅速增大,因此,我国水产养殖业需要生态集约化发展。从多维和可持续发展的视角可以推知,内陆大水域未来仅适于发展不投饲的养殖种类或称净水渔业,近岸(10 m以浅、距岸2 km以内或有遮蔽的海域)可发展不投饵的贝、藻养殖和增殖,离岸(距岸2 km以外、水深10～50 m)应增殖、养殖并举,深远海养殖(50 m以深、高海况开放海域和12 n mile以外的专属经济区海域)大有可为,陆基池塘生态集约化改造和陆基循环水养殖的阳光工厂化改造任重道远。 相似文献