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1.
人工环境昼夜温差对番茄营养物质和干物质分配的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了研究番茄各器官中可溶性糖和蔗糖含量、叶片中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、不同器官干物质分配比例及番茄果实品质对昼夜温差的响应规律,该研究以番茄品种"金冠5号"(Solanum lycopersicum cv.Jinguan5)为试材,于2012年9月-2013年7月在南京信息工程大学设计日均气温为18和25℃,昼夜温差(difference between day and night temperature,DIF)为12℃(白天24℃/晚上12℃,31℃/19℃)、6℃(21℃/15℃,28℃/22℃)、0(18℃/18℃,25℃/25℃)共6个处理的人工环境控制试验,结果表明:日均气温18℃时,叶片中的游离氨基酸总量和可溶性蛋白、果实中的可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均以12℃温差处理最高,0温差处理最低;而果实中的有机酸含量以12℃温差处理最低;日均气温25℃时,果实中的可溶性糖和蔗糖含量以6℃温差处理最高。叶片中的游离氨基酸总量、幼果期和采收期叶片的可溶性蛋白含量均以6℃温差处理最高。维生素C、可溶性蛋白和番茄红素在日均气温18℃时则与有机酸含量趋势相反。干物质在果实中的分配比例在日均气温18和25℃时,均以6℃温差处理最大,12℃温差处理最小。研究认为在日均气温18℃条件下,昼夜温差0~12℃范围内,昼夜温差越大,果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖的积累越多,游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量越高,果实品质更佳,在日均气温25℃条件下,以6℃温差处理下果实内在品质最佳;相同昼夜温差,25℃日均气温处理下的果实内在品质优于18℃日均气温处理;在最适温度范围内,适当增加昼夜温差有利于可溶性糖、蔗糖和干物质向果实中转移,温差过高或过低不利于果实营养物质及干物质积累。 相似文献
2.
为了研究昼夜温差对番茄果实膨大-成熟期各阶段果实品质动态变化的影响,并构建昼夜温差对果实品质影响的模拟模型,以番茄品种"金冠5号"为试验材料,在人工气候箱对坐果后的番茄植株进行昼夜温差处理,设置25℃日平均温度下5个昼夜温差(DIF)水平,即-18℃(16℃/34℃,昼温/夜温)、-12℃(19℃/31℃)、0℃(25℃/25℃)、+12℃(31℃/19℃)、+18℃(34℃/16℃),测定各处理下番茄果实品质指标。结果表明:正昼夜温差可提高番茄果实营养成分含量和品质,而负昼夜温差使其降低。正昼夜温差使可溶性糖、糖酸比、可溶性蛋白、Vc含量增加,+12℃DIF处理下各营养品质含量高于+18℃DIF下,而负昼夜温差使其降低,且随负昼夜温差的增大而降低。有机酸含量在正昼夜温差下减少,而在负昼夜温差下增加。番茄红素含量在+12℃DIF下上升,而在+18℃DIF和负昼夜温差下降低。不同昼夜温差处理下,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均与辐热积呈Logistic模型关系,通过拟合昼夜温差值与Logistic模型参数的数量关系,得到昼夜温差对可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白动态变化影响的模拟模型。有机酸、Vc含量均与辐热积呈二次多项式关系,通过拟合昼夜温差与二次多项式模型参数的数量关系,得到昼夜温差对有机酸、Vc动态变化影响的模拟模型。检验结果表明,模型模拟效果良好。 相似文献
3.
基于四川盆地南部富顺县水产养殖气象服务试验基地2017−2019年水温资料和同步气温资料,分析鱼塘夏季（6−8月）不同时间尺度上各层水温最高时段特征;以预报某日气温、前1日气温和水温作为预报因子,采用逐步回归分析建立夏季典型晴天状况下鱼塘各层平均水温、最高水温预报模型,并对模型预报效果进行检验。结果表明：夏季日内各层水温最高值出现在18：00−19：00,较气温滞后1～3h;水温≥32℃的时段主要集中在16：00−22：00,该时段内10、50和100cm深处水层逐时平均水温分别在32.9～33.1℃、32.6～32.7℃和32.1～32.3℃。夏季各层水温随气温呈波动上升趋势,水温最高值均出现在7月下旬;水温≥32℃的日数平均为23d,主要出现在7月下旬−8月中旬,该时段内10、50和100cm水层逐日平均水温分别在28.5～34.4℃、28.2～34.1℃和27.9～33.9℃。通过2017−2018年回带检验和2019年预报检验,模型预报平均绝对误差在0.3～0.8℃,平均相对误差在2.6%以内,预报效果较好,能较好地应用于夏季鱼塘水温预报。 相似文献
4.
不同海拔梯度高寒草甸土基本理化指标及氮素的变化动态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国水土保持》2020,(10)
为探讨海拔对高寒草甸土供氮能力的影响,以祁连山脉高寒草甸土为研究对象,分析了不同海拔梯度下土壤pH值、有机质、氨态氮、硝态氮、全氮的变化动态,结果表明:(1)以KCl提取法测定的土壤pH值随海拔的升高先上升后下降,在海拔3 000 m处最大,土壤整体呈酸性。(2)土壤有机质含量在3 000 m以下的较低海拔区随海拔的升高缓慢减少,在3 000 m以上的较高海拔区随海拔的升高而明显增加。(3)土壤氨态氮含量随海拔的升高整体呈减少趋势,在2 500～3 000 m处变化较平缓。(4)土壤硝态氮含量在0～5 cm深度土层随海拔的升高先增加后减少;在5～10 cm深度土层随海拔的升高而减少;在10～30 cm深度土层随海拔的升高先减少后增加,在3 000 m处最低。(5)土壤全氮含量在0～5和5～10 cm深度随海拔的升高先增加后减少,在2 600 m处达最高;在10～30 cm深度随海拔的上升整体呈减少趋势。 相似文献
5.
为了研究超高压处理及加热处理对羊乳中脂肪酸组成的影响,该文以崂山奶山羊乳为研究对象,通过氯仿-甲醇法和碱催化法分别对乳脂肪进行提取和甲酯化,采用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS）方法分析在100、200、300、400 MPa超高压条件和65℃/30 min、75℃/15 min、90℃/1 min、煮沸加热条件下羊乳中各脂肪酸组成的变化,结果显示：经超高压处理,羊乳中的短链脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的变化均不显著（P>0.05),而经加热处理羊乳中的短链脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量均显著升高（P<0.01）,不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著降低（P<0.001）。经超高压处理羊乳中C6:0、C8:0和C10:0含量的变化均不显著（P>0.05）;C12:0、C14:0含量显著增加（P<0.01）,C16:0变化不显著（P<0.05）,C18:0含量显著降低（P<0.05）;C18:1含量的变化不显著（P>0.05）,C18:2和C18:3含量显著降低（P<0.01,P<0.05）,C20:4含量变化不显著（P>0.05）。而经加热处理羊乳中C10:0含量显著升高（P<0.01）;C12:0、C14:0和C16:0含量也均显著升高（P<0.05）,C18:0含量的变化不显著（P>0.05）;C18:1、C18:2、C18:3含量均显著降低（P<0.001,P<0.05,P<0.001）,而C20:4为检测出来。研究结果表明超高压处理能够更好的保持羊乳中脂肪酸的含量及组成,进而为超高压技术和加热处理在乳品中的应用及羊乳资源的开发提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为了鉴定、筛选出抗旱的芥菜型春油菜材料,为抗旱品种选育以及当地推广耐旱品种奠定基础,以芥菜型春油菜(Brassica juncea L.)晋油12号、78-1、内引2号和自选X0为试材,设置65%～75%(CK)、40%～50%(中度干旱MD)和20%～30%(重度干旱SD)3个水分梯度,给予持续12、19、24、33、38 d 5个时期干旱处理,研究苗期干旱对油菜幼苗生长特性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫造成春油菜幼苗的株高、地上部干质量和叶面积的明显下降,对叶绿素含量影响不明显;4个品种的脯氨酸含量随干旱时间的延长不断增加,丙二醛含量随干旱程度的加剧而升高。4个油菜品种苗期抗旱能力排序为晋油12号78-1内引2号自选X0。 相似文献
7.
运行条件对膜生物反应器处理猪场厌氧消化液效果的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为探讨膜生物反应器处理猪场厌氧消化液效果和合适的操作条件,该文分别选择了三种不同的水力停留时间(HRT)、间歇曝气区曝/停比和膜出水抽/停比,根据三水平正交表安排试验.结果表明:进水COD为1240～1830 mg/L,BOD5为154～420 mg/L时,出水COD(化学需氧量)为208～811 mg/L,BOD5(生化需氧量)为7～13 mg/L,COD和BOD5去除率分别达到51.7%～83.2%和93.0%～97.1%.试验所选因素中HRT对COD去除效果的影响最大,HRT=24h与20 h、15 h时的COD去除率差异显著(P<0.05),分别平均提高7.3%和13.4%.当水温在24～28℃时NH4 -N去除效果随水温的升高明显提高,但水温上升到28.0～35.8℃时,NH4M; >-N去除效果随水温变化不大. 相似文献
8.
为探究滴灌条件下水温与土温对覆砂土壤水热运移规律的影响,基于HYDRUS-2D构建了不同水土温度土壤水热运移数值模型,模拟分析了不同水土温度对覆砂土壤水分、温度动态变化的影响。结果表明:灌溉水温对土壤水热分布影响显著,随着温度升高,土壤湿润体内含水率减小,表现为35℃水温20℃水温5℃水温,灌溉水温对土壤剖面温度分布也有较大影响,表层0—15 cm范围内温度变化了5～10℃。相同水温条件下,随着土壤温度升高,土壤饱和导水率增大,湿润土体内体积含水率减小,表现为30℃土壤温度15℃土壤温度5℃土壤温度。滴灌水平和垂直湿润锋运移距离随温度升高而增大,湿润锋运移距离与时间符合幂函数F=at~b,决定系数R~2介于0.977 4～0.999 6,并建立了水平和垂直湿润锋运移距离与入渗时间和温度的关系模型。以期为西北干旱地区砂石覆盖生态农业的合理补灌提供理论指导。 相似文献
9.
10.
连续5年配施有机肥茶园土壤活性铝含量变化状况 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过5a(2009—2013年)田间定位试验,研究配施不同比例有机肥(养猪场发酵床垫料)对茶园土壤交换性Al~(3+)(Ex-Al)、单聚体羟基铝(Al(OH)_2+Al(OH)_2+,Hy-Al)、酸溶无机铝(Al(OH)_30,Col-Al)和腐殖酸铝(HA-Al)分布特征及茶叶铝含量的影响,探讨配施有机肥改良茶园酸化土壤及降低茶叶铝含量的可行性。试验设置有机肥替代化肥比例0(CK)、25%、50%、75%和100%5个处理。结果表明:连续5 a配施有机肥处理茶园0～20 cm土层土壤pH提高0.27～1.05个单位,有机质含量提高8.64%～30.71%;20～40 cm土层土壤pH提高0.16～0.50个单位,有机质含量提高0.94%～14.84%,提高幅度均随着有机肥施用比例的增加而增大。茶园土壤活性铝总量(ΣAl)随着有机肥料配施比例的增加呈下降趋势;土壤Ex-Al、Al-HA含量及其占ΣAl的比例随着有机肥料配施比例的增加呈下降趋势,而Hy-Al含量及其占ΣAl的比例则呈现上升趋势;Col-Al含量随有机肥配施比例的变化不显著,而其占ΣAl的比例则随有机肥施用比例的升高而升高。各处理茶叶铝含量为820.04～940.27 mg/kg,配施有机肥处理对茶叶铝含量的影响不显著。配施有机肥条件下,土壤pH和有机质含量升高,促进土壤Ex-Al向Hy-Al转化,而对茶叶铝含量的影响不显著,通过配施有机肥改良土壤酸度来降低茶叶铝含量的可行性需要进一步探讨。 相似文献
11.
J G Sutton J Goodwin G Horscroft R E Stockdale A Frake 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1983,66(5):1164-1174
Species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. Differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. This report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the Salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of the enzyme superoxide dismutase from the red cell. The immunological technique relies on the development of a specific anti-trout (Salmonidae) serum which is used initially to differentiate the blood of a Salmonidae from other freshwater fish. Further discrimination, within the Salmonidae, is made on the basis of the different polymorphic forms of the enzyme superoxide dismutase separated in a pH 2.5 to 8 gradient. Using this technique, it is possible to differentiate among salmon, sea/brown trout, char, cheetah trout, and a number of varieties of rainbow trout. 相似文献
12.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detection of protein oxidation in fresh and tainted rainbow trout muscle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Protein oxidation is evaluated in rainbow trout muscle by labeling protein carbonyls with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) followed by immunoblotting of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). The carbonylation level is accessed on proteins in a whole muscle homogenate or proteins soluble in a high-salt or low-salt buffer. Spoilage-related changes in carbonylation are followed in the high-salt-protein and low-salt-protein fractions by 2D immunoblotting, which reveals increases regarding total number and intensity of carbonylation in both protein fractions for fish kept at room temperature for 48 h. The major amount of carbonylated proteins is found among the high-salt-soluble proteins, and this protein fraction is also responsible for the biggest increase in carbonylation during fish tainting. The results give an estimate of the level of protein carbonylation in rainbow trout and reveal that oxidation increases for a distinct number of proteins during tainting. 相似文献
13.
Salvador AM Alonso-Damián A Choubert G Milicua JC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9202-9207
This study was designed to assess the effect of dietary soybean phospholipids on canthaxanthin transport by serum lipoproteins and canthaxanthin muscle deposition in trout. Three groups of 12 immature trout in triplicate with a mean body weight of 130 g were fed with three experimental diets containing (1) canthaxanthin plus lecithin plus fish oil, (2) canthaxanthin plus lecithin, and (3) canthaxanthin alone, for 12 days. The two major lipoprotein classes in rainbow trout are high-density lipoproteins, which transport principally carotenoids present in the serum, and low-density lipoproteins, which are responsible for the transport of cholesterol, both independently of the administered diet. In addition, very low density lipoproteins are responsible for triglyceride transport in serum. Nevertheless, the amount of canthaxanthin in the serum increased when carotenoid was associated with phospholipids plus fish oil. When canthaxanthin is transported by lecithin plus fish oil, the amount of phospholipids, cantaxanthin, and cholesterol deposited in muscle increased but not significantly. The highest apparent canthaxanthin digestibility coefficient was obtained when canthaxanthin was carried by lecithin plus fish oil. The administration of canthaxanthin carried by phospholipids improved its accumulation in the muscle of rainbow trout. This accumulation could be enhanced if the time of administration of canthaxanthin is increased. 相似文献
14.
Saito M Saito K Kunisaki N Kimura S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(24):7169-7174
We have investigated the inhibitory effects of polyphenols from natural products, such as green tea, bilberry, grape, ginkgo, and apple, on rainbow trout gelatinase activities. Gelatinases from the skin, muscle, and blood of rainbow trout contained serine proteinase, metalloproteinase, and other proteinase activities as measured by gelatin zymography. The polyphenols of green tea caused the strong inhibition of some gelatinase activities when compared with those of the other products. This inhibition was quite similar to that of metalloproteinase by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, suggesting that the effects of green tea polyphenols on proteinase activities are specific for metalloproteinases. The major catechins of green tea polyphenols were then separated and identified by reverse-phase chromatography to be (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin. The effects of these catechins on gelatinase activities were examined; the most potent inhibitor of metalloproteinase activities was found to be EGCG. These results have indicated that green tea polyphenols including EGCG are useful for regulating metalloproteinase activities of fish meat. 相似文献
15.
Schreier TM Dawson VK Choi Y Spanjers NJ Boogaard MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2212-2215
Bayluscide [the ethanolamine salt of niclosamide (NIC)] is a registered piscicide used in combination with 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to control sea lamprey populations in streams tributary to the Great Lakes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of NIC residues in muscle fillet tissues of fish exposed to NIC and TFM during sea lamprey control treatments. NIC was extracted from fortified channel catfish and rainbow trout fillet tissue with a series of acetone extractions and cleaned up on C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridges. NIC concentrations were determined by HPLC with detection at 360 and 335 nm for rainbow trout and catfish, respectively. Recovery of NIC from rainbow trout (n = 7) fortified at 0.04 microg/g was 77 +/- 6.5% and from channel catfish (n = 7) fortified at 0.02 microg/g was 113 +/- 11%. NIC detection limit was 0.0107 microg/g for rainbow trout and 0.0063 microg/g for catfish. Percent recovery of incurred radioactive residues by this method from catfish exposed to [(14)C]NIC was 89.3 +/- 4.1%. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for rainbow trout (n = 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 78 +/- 5.1 and 68 +/- 2.4%, respectively. Percent recoveries of NIC from fortified storage stability tissue samples for channel catfish (n = 3) analyzed at 5 and 7.5 month periods were 88 +/- 13 and 76 +/- 21%, respectively. 相似文献
16.
中国梨木虱（Psylla Chinese Yang et Li）是新传入新疆的危险性害虫,为减少其灾害损失,本文将梨木虱灾害发生的气象等级进行划分,并通过对库尔勒梨园实际调查和历史资料的分析研究,寻找与梨木虱发生发展关系密切的气象因子,建立梨木虱卵量等级预报模型。结果表明,在2000-2002年和2010年,高温是抑制梨木虱生长发育的最主要气象因子;在0～22.5℃气温范围内其生长发育随温度升高而加快,在22.5℃以上随温度升高而减缓,35℃以上时就呈现非常明显的抑制作用。用该模型对梨木虱发生灾害进行预测检验,效果良好,这为梨木虱的有效防治提供了科学依据,对农业防灾减灾和农业生产的可持续发展具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
17.
本文以黑龙江省和北京市虹鳟养殖为例,应用生命周期评价方法,将虹鳟养殖生命周期划分为饵料生产、电力生产、化学品生产和养殖污染排放4个阶段,考虑了全球变暖潜势、能源消耗、酸化潜值和富营养化潜值4种环境影响类型,以获得1t养殖增重量为评价的功能单位,对虹鳟网箱养殖模式、工厂化流水养殖模式和工厂化循环水养殖模式的潜在环境影响进行了评价比较。结果表明,我国虹鳟养殖模式的环境影响从高到底依次是富营养化潜值、全球变暖潜势、酸化潜值和能源消耗;网箱养殖模式的环境影响指数分别为53.963、0.939、0.717和0.017,工厂化流水养殖模式的环境影响指数分别为35.213、4.827、2.896和0.049,工厂化循环水养殖模式的环境影响指数分别为7.404、5.545、3.305和0.055;富营养化潜值是虹鳟养殖的主要环境影响类型,其主要来自养殖污染排放。3种虹鳟养殖模式的环境影响综合指数分别为6.69、5.52和2.02,我国虹鳟养殖模式的环境性能从高到低依次为工厂化循环水养殖模式〉工厂化流水养殖模式〉网箱养殖模式。减少养殖污染排放、降低电能消耗和提高饵料利用率是提升我国虹鳟养殖模式环境友好性的关键。 相似文献
18.
Dawson VK Schreier TM Boogaard MA Spanjers NJ Gingerich WH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6780-6785
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed to 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and Bayluscide (niclosamide) during a sea lamprey control treatment of the Ford River, located in the upper peninsula of Michigan. Caged fish were exposed to a nominal concentration of 0.02 mg/L of niclosamide for a period of approximately 12 h. Samples of fillet tissue were collected from each fish species before treatment and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h following the arrival of the block of chemical at the exposure site. The fish were dissected, homogenized, extracted, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The major residues found in the fillet tissues were TFM and niclosamide. Niclosamide concentrations were highest 12 h after arrival of the chemical block for rainbow trout (0.0395 +/- 0.0251 microg/g) and 18 h after arrival of the chemical block for channel catfish (0.0465 +/- 0.0212 microg/g). Residues decreased rapidly after the block of lampricide had passed and were below the detection limits in fillets of rainbow trout within 24 h and channel catfish within 96 h after the arrival of the lampricide. 相似文献
19.
Van Campens Brook is a circumneutral stream in northwestern New Jersey that supports reproducing populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A short-term pH depression occurred in the stream following a snowmelt in the spring of 1984. A stream pH of 4.5 was recorded shortly after the onset of the snowmelt and the pH remained depressed (5.2) a week later. Stream pH did not fall below 6.2 following other rain and snowmelt events monitored during 1985–1987. An electrofishing survey conducted in 1985 revealed a near-total absence of 1984 year-class rainbow trout, spring spawners that are highly sensitive to acidity. Brook and brown trout spawning appeared to be unaffected. Rainbow trout reproductive success was good during 1985–87. 相似文献