共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Balashov SP Imasheva ES Boichenko VA Antón J Wang JM Lanyi JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5743):2061-2064
Energy transfer from light-harvesting carotenoids to chlorophyll is common in photosynthesis, but such antenna pigments have not been observed in retinal-based ion pumps and photoreceptors. Here we describe xanthorhodopsin, a proton-pumping retinal protein/carotenoid complex in the eubacterium Salinibacter ruber. The wavelength dependence of the rate of pumping and difference absorption spectra measured under a variety of conditions indicate that this protein contains two chromophores, retinal and the carotenoid salinixanthin, in a molar ratio of about 1:1. The two chromophores interact strongly, and light energy absorbed by the carotenoid is transferred to the retinal with a quantum efficiency of approximately 40%. The antenna carotenoid extends the wavelength range of the collection of light for uphill transmembrane proton transport. 相似文献
2.
Enzymes that produce retinal and related apocarotenoids constitute a sequence- and thus structure-related family, a member of which was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. This member is an oxygenase and contains an Fe2+-4-His arrangement at the axis of a seven-bladed beta-propeller chain fold covered by a dome formed by six large loops. The Fe2+ is accessible through a long nonpolar tunnel that holds a carotenoid derivative in one of the crystals. On binding, three consecutive double bonds of this carotenoid changed from a straight all-trans to a cranked cis-trans-cis conformation. The remaining trans bond is located at the dioxygen-ligated Fe2+ and cleaved by oxygen. 相似文献
3.
60Co-γ射线辐射对红星凤梨生理生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐射处理红星凤梨后,研究不同剂量辐射对红星凤梨生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:CAT、POD活性随辐射剂量增加而提高,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量随辐射剂量增加而降低,淀粉含量基本不变,其他含量变化不大;在20Gy处类胡罗卜素含量较高,在80 Gy处CAT、POD活性最高;CAT活性与辐射剂量呈显著正相关,可溶性糖与辐射剂量呈显著负相关。 相似文献
4.
炭疽病侵染对枇杷叶片H_2O_2含量和叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
郑国华 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,30(3):353-356
感染炭疽病的枇杷叶片 H2 O2 含量明显提高 ,可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及叶绿素 a/叶绿素 b、叶绿素 /类胡萝卜素下降 ,叶绿素可变荧光产量 (Fv)、PS 原初光能转换效率 (Fv/ Fm)、PS 的潜在活性 (Fv/ Fo)及光合量子产额 (Yield)均受到抑制 .供试的抗、感病品种解放钟、早钟 6号上述指标存在明显差异 ,表明了枇杷品种对炭疽病的抗性与 H2 O2 的累积 ,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、蛋白质的降解 ,以及叶绿素荧光参数变化关系密切 相似文献
5.
Wenshuang LI Shengnan ZHAI Hui JIN Weie WEN Jindong LIU Xianchun XIA Zhonghu HE 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2016,3(2):124
Carotenoid content of wheat is an important criterion for prediction of the commercial and nutritional value of products made from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the major components of carotenoids in Chinese wheat using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) including lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene. Grain carotenoid content was investigated in 217 cultivars from three major Chinese wheat regions and from seven other countries grown in two environments. Genotype contributed to the majority of variation in carotenoid components. Lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene concentrations varied from 18.3 to 100.1, 4.9 to 12.0 and 0.9 to 48.7 μg per 100 g in wheat flour with an average of 40.2, 7.2 and 18.2 μg per 100 g, respectively. Lutein (61.3%) was the main carotenoid component, followed by β-carotene (27.7%) and zeaxanthin (11.0%). No α-carotene was detected. Total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene were all higher in cultivars with the 1BL.1RS translocation compared to those without the translocation. This is the first report on assay of lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene concentrations for a large number of wheat cultivars. These data will be useful for genetic improvement of wheat carotenoid content and for understanding of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat. 相似文献
6.
Although the three-dimensional structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) reveals a high level of structural symmetry, with two nearly equivalent potential electron transfer pathways, the RC is functionally asymmetric: Electron transfer occurs along only one of the two possible pathways. In order to determine the origins of this symmetry breaking, the internal electric field present in the RC when charge is separated onto structurally characterized sites was probed by using absorption band shifts of the chromophores within the RC. The sensitivity of each probe chromophore to an electric field was calibrated by measuring the Stark effect spectrum, the change in absorption due to an externally applied electric field. A quantitative comparison of the observed absorption band shifts and those predicted from vacuum electrostatics gives information on the effective dielectric constant of the protein complex. These results reveal a significant asymmetry in the effective dielectric strength of the protein complex along the two potential electron transfer pathways, with a substantially higher dielectric strength along the functional pathway. This dielectric asymmetry could be a dominant factor in determining the functional asymmetry of electron transfer in the RC. 相似文献
7.
Holt NE Zigmantas D Valkunas L Li XP Niyogi KK Fleming GR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5708):433-436
Photosynthetic light harvesting in excess light is regulated by a process known as feedback deexcitation. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements on thylakoid membranes show selective formation of a carotenoid radical cation upon excitation of chlorophyll under conditions of maximum, steady-state feedback deexcitation. Studies on transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants confirmed that this carotenoid radical cation formation is correlated with feedback deexcitation and requires the presence of zeaxanthin, the specific carotenoid synthesized during high light exposure. These results indicate that energy transfer from chlorophyll molecules to a chlorophyllzeaxanthin heterodimer, which then undergoes charge separation, is the mechanism for excess energy dissipation during feedback deexcitation. 相似文献
8.
自然越冬状态下四翅滨藜抗寒性生理指标的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对四翅滨藜抗寒生理指标的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:10月—翌年3月四翅滨藜总含水量逐渐降低;10月—12月相对电导率和丙二醛含量缓慢上升,而后上升幅度加大;游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质在越冬期间保持较高水平,10月—翌年1月可溶性糖逐渐增加,3月份有所下降;叶绿素a和叶绿素b在整个越冬期间相对比较稳定,而类胡萝卜素含量11月—翌年3月高于10月份。说明游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖以及类胡萝卜素含量的提高是四翅滨藜对低温环境的主要反应,可以作为评价其抗寒性的生理指标参数。 相似文献
9.
Protein design, a minimalist approach 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
The question of how the amino acid sequence of a protein specifies its three-dimensional structure remains to be answered. Proteins are so large and complex that it is difficult to discern the features in their sequences that contribute to their structural stability and function. One approach to this problem is de novo design of model proteins, much simpler than their natural counterparts, yet containing sufficient information in their sequences to specify a given function (for example, folding in aqueous solution, folding in membranes, or formation of ion channels). Designed proteins provide simple model systems for understanding protein structure and function. 相似文献
10.
Protein kinase activity closely associated with a reconstituted calcium-activated potassium channel. 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
S K Chung P H Reinhart B L Martin D Brautigan I B Levitan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5019):560-562
Modulation of the activity of potassium and other ion channels is an essential feature of nervous system function. The open probability of a large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel from rat brain, incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, is increased by the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the cytoplasmic side of the channel. This modulation takes place without the addition of protein kinase, requires Mg2+, and is mimicked by an ATP analog that serves as a substrate for protein kinases but not by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. Addition of protein phosphatase 1 reverses the modulation by MgATP. Thus, there may be an endogenous protein kinase activity firmly associated with this K+ channel. Some ion channels may exist in a complex that contains regulatory protein kinases and phosphatases. 相似文献
11.
利用遥感红边参数估算夏玉米农学参数的可行性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析夏玉米农学参数、红边参数以及两者之间的相关性,结果表明:可利用红边位置(REP)来反演叶片绿度值(SPAD),利用归一化的吸收深度(ND672)、吸收特征面积(Area672)和红边宽度(Lwidth)来分别反演叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b以及叶绿素a/b含量;利用一阶微分光谱最大值(FD_Max)和Area672来反演类胡萝卜素含量和类胡萝卜素含量/叶绿素a含量.从而,构建了以红边参数为自变量的农学参数的反演模型,为生产上利用遥感技术大区域,无破坏、实时快速地监测夏玉米的生长状况以及进行营养诊断提供了重要的技术依据. 相似文献
12.
13.
【目的】明确夏橙发育后期转黄及返青过程中类胡萝卜素积累及关键合成酶基因表达的变化及乙烯的调控作用。【方法】将夏橙果实发育的后期和成熟过程分为转黄期（P1—P4）及返青期（P5—P7）共7个时期,通过比色法和Northern-blotting法分析发育后期成熟过程中及乙烯作用下果皮中类胡萝卜素的含量及其合成关键酶PSY、PDS和ZDS基因表达水平的变化。【结果】证实P1—P7发育过程中果皮发生由青至黄,继而返青的颜色变化,与果皮中类胡萝卜素积累及其合成途径中PSY、PDS和ZDS基因表达水平的变化趋势一致。乙烯可促进转黄期夏橙果皮中类胡萝卜素积累及PSY基因的表达,而对PDS和ZDS基因表达的影响不显著。乙烯处理不影响返青期果实中类胡萝卜素的积累,但能够阻碍果实成熟后期PSY和PDS基因表达水平的减弱。【结论】夏橙果实在发育后期及成熟过程中,乙烯在转黄期及返青期对类胡萝卜素积累及PSY和PDS基因表达的影响不同,暗示乙烯的调控作用还受果实发育相关因子的影响。在夏橙转黄期可以用乙烯促进转黄着色,而在返青期利用乙烯不能达到脱绿的效果。 相似文献
14.
用不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐射处理整株蟹爪兰后,测定叶片可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素等含量。结果表明:在处理后可溶性糖含量均比对照有不同程度的增加;淀粉含量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中在60Gy时达到最大;蛋白质含量则变化不一,但在20Gy时有一最大值;叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量较对照也有不同程度的增加,且均在60Gy时含量最大;可溶性糖含量与辐照剂量呈正相关,类胡萝卜素含量与叶绿素a含量呈正相关,叶绿素a/叶绿素b与叶绿素b呈负相关,所以60～70Gy剂量处理蟹爪兰较为适宜。 相似文献
15.
水稻中介体亚基OsMed6的表达及进化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中介体复合物是真核生物RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(PolⅡ)通用转录装置的重要组成部分,是基因特异性转录因子与启动子信息传递的桥梁.本研究对水稻(Oryza sativa)中一个假定的中介体亚基OsMed6的表达和进化进行了分析.通过整合分析不同来源的基因芯片数据,发现OsMed6在各个组织(器官)里都有表达.构建了OsMed6与... 相似文献
16.
辣椒（Capsicum spp.）属于茄科辣椒属,作为一种蔬菜和香料作物在世界各地得到广泛栽培。除作为烹饪食材和香料应用外,辣椒在制药和化妆品领域也有广泛的用途。类胡萝卜素是一类天然色素的总称,参与植物许多重要的代谢过程,如光合作用、光保护、光形态建成和生长发育等。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物活性,是辣椒果实主要的营养物质之一,培育类胡萝卜素含量更高的辣椒品种需要全面深入了解其生物合成及其调控的分子机制。分子生物学和生物技术的发展促进了类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的鉴定,为培育类胡萝卜素含量更高的辣椒新品种提供了机会。该文描述了类胡萝卜素的生理作用、类胡萝卜素与辣椒果实颜色、类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成途径的结构基因及调控因子、辣椒果实颜色的分子遗传学及与辣椒果实颜色有关的QTL位点等方面的研究进展。牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶（GGPS）、八氢番茄红素合成酶（PSY）、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶（PDS）、ζ-胡萝卜素去饱和酶（ZDS）、番茄红素环化酶（LCY）、辣椒红素-辣椒玉红素合成酶（CCS）等是辣椒类胡萝卜素生物合成通路的端口酶和限速酶,其表达丰度和活性高低直接调控辣椒体内类胡... 相似文献
17.
The effect of electric current on protein biosynthesis in mammalian fibroblasts was investigated with neonatal bovine fibroblast-populated collagen matrices. The field strength dependence of electric field modulation of proline incorporation into extracellular and intracellular protein was measured over a frequency range from 0.1 to 1000 hertz. A frequency- and amplitude-dependent reduction in the rate of incorporation was observed. In tissues containing cells aligned either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field, this response was dependent on the orientation of the cells relative to the direction of the applied electric field. This study demonstrates that currents of physiological strength can stimulate alterations in biosynthesis and thereby may influence tissue growth, remodeling, and repair. 相似文献
18.
Predacious mites fed for two generations solely on the eggs of wild-type spider mites responded normally to short day lengths by entering diapause. However, predacious mites fedfor two generations on eggs of albino spider mites, which are completely devoid of carotenoids, did not respond to short-day photoperiods. Apparently carotenoids are essential for photoperiodic induction; possibly a carotenoid or carotenoid derivative functions as the photopigment concerned in photoperiodic light reception in these mites. 相似文献
19.
Snow ES Perkins FK Houser EJ Badescu SC Reinecke TL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5717):1942-1945
We show that the capacitance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is highly sensitive to a broad class of chemical vapors and that this transduction mechanism can form the basis for a fast, low-power sorption-based chemical sensor. In the presence of a dilute chemical vapor, molecular adsorbates are polarized by the fringing electric fields radiating from the surface of a SWNT electrode, which causes an increase in its capacitance. We use this effect to construct a high-performance chemical sensor by thinly coating the SWNTs with chemoselective materials that provide a large, class-specific gain to the capacitance response. Such SWNT chemicapacitors are fast, highly sensitive, and completely reversible. 相似文献
20.
NKR-P1, a signal transduction molecule on natural killer cells 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
R Giorda W A Rudert C Vavassori W H Chambers J C Hiserodt M Trucco 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,249(4974):1298-1300
Natural killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of large granular lymphocytes characterized by densely staining azurophilic granules. NK cells are able to recognize and lyse various virally infected or neoplastic target cells without previous sensitization or major histocompatibility complex restriction. A 60-kD disulfide-linked dimer, highly expressed on NK cells, was found capable of mediating transmembrane signaling. The gene encoding this signal transduction molecule was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The encoded protein showed significant homology with a number of lectin-related membrane proteins that share receptor characteristics. This protein may function as a receptor able to selectively trigger NK cell activity. 相似文献